The FAO Component of the 2008 Consolidated Appeals · The FAO Component of the 2008 Consolidated Appeals published by Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division Food and Agriculture

The FAO Component of the 2008 Consolidated AppealsProtecting and rebuilding livelihoods in crisis-affected countries

TC/D/A1491E/1/11.07/1000

The FAO Component of the 2008 Consolidated Appeals

published by

Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

Rome 2007

Additional information on FAO’s emergency activities is available at:

www.fao.org/reliefoperations

ii

Photographs courtesy of:

Cover: FAO/NIG2018.

Inside: pg.vii FAO/Giulio Napolitano; pg.1 FAO/14190/R. Faidutti; pg.6 FAO/12662/F. McDougall;

pg.9 FAO/19431/R. Faidutti; pg.13 FAO/Davide Signa; pg.20 FAO/Jurjen Draaijer;

pg.27 FAO/Giulio Napolitano; pg.31 FAO/WBGS Field Team; pg.37 FAO/Zimbabwe Field Team.

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion

whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development

status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other

non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source

is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited

without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief,

Electronic Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Information Division, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla,

00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to [email protected]

© FAO 2007

iii

Acronyms and abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... iv

Foreword .......................................................................................................................................................... v

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... vii

2008 Consolidated Appeals

Central African Republic ...............................................................................................................................1

Chad...................................................................................................................................................................6

Côte d’Ivoire ....................................................................................................................................................9

Somalia............................................................................................................................................................ 13

Uganda ............................................................................................................................................................ 20

West Africa ................................................................................................................................................... 27

West Bank and Gaza Strip ......................................................................................................................... 31

Zimbabwe ...................................................................................................................................................... 37

TABLE OF CONTENT S

iv

AAH Action Africa HelpACDA Central African Agency for Agricultural DevelopmentACF Action contre la faimACTED Agency for Technical Cooperation and DevelopmentAFREC African Rescue CommitteeAFRICARE International NGO

ANADER Agence Nationale Pour le Développement RuraleANDE Agence Nationale pour le développement de l’élevageARELIMOK Action for Poverty Reduction and Livestock Management in KaramojaAREX Department of Agricultural Research and ExtensionASEP Advancement for Small Enterprises ProgrammeCAHW Community Animal Health WorkerCAP Consolidated Appeals ProcessCAR Central African RepublicCARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief EverywhereCBPP Contagious bovine pleuropneumoniaCCCM Camp Coordination and Camp ManagementCEFORD Community Empowerment for Rural DevelopmentCFSAM Crop and Food Supply Assessment Missions

COOPI Cooperazione InternazionaleDS DAR Danish Support to Development Assistance to Refugee Hosting AreasFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FMD Foot-and-mouth diseaseFNEC Fédération Nationale des éleveurs CentrafricainsFSAU Food Security Analysis UnitGDP Gross Domestic Product

IASC Inter-agency Standing CommitteeIDP Internally displaced personICRA Central African Institute for Agronomic ResearchIPC IRD International Relief and DevelopmentLRA Lord’s Resistance ArmyMAAIF Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and FisheriesMADEFO Matheniko Development ForumNAADS National Agricultural Advisory ServicesNARO National Agricultural Research OrganisationNGO Non-governmental organization

OXFAM International NGOPCBS Palestinian Central Bureau of StatisticsPPR Peste des petits ruminantsSADO Social Life and Agricultural Development OrganizationSWALIM Somalia Water and Land Information and Management SystemUN United NationsUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUNICEF United Nations Childrens’ FundUNTP United Nations Transitional PlanVSF Vétérinaire sans frontièresWFP World Food ProgrammeWUA Water Users’ Association

ACRONYMS AND ABBREV I A T ION S

v

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsEmergency and rehabilitation programmes

under the 2008 Consolidated Appeals

Every year, the United Nations (UN) Secretary-General asks the donor community to help millions of people affected by crises around the world. The focus of this annual appeal is on countries undergoing protracted

exacerbated by the prevalence of diseases such as HIV/AIDS.

Major humanitarian crises require many aid agencies on the ground. The Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) brings aid organizations together to jointly plan, coordinate, implement and monitor their response to disasters and emergencies, and to appeal for funds cohesively instead of competitively. It is the international community’s most important tool for raising resources for humanitarian action, and results in a more

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is an important humanitarian partner,

Some 75 percent of the people living below the dollar-a-day poverty line live in rural areas. Most depend

livelihoods are therefore a high international priority.

Presented in this compendium are eight appeals: Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d’Ivoire, Somalia, Uganda, West Africa, West Bank and Gaza Strip and Zimbabwe. Each appeal includes a brief overview of the agriculture and food security requirements, together with highlights of FAO’s response and funding needs.

The CAP is evidence of the UN’s efforts to streamline relief work and ensure that donor funding reaches the right people at the right time with little waste. It is also a reminder to the donor community that early and predictable funding makes for the most ethical and cost-effective humanitarian action.

At FAO, we believe that humanitarian response must include the protection and recovery of agricultural livelihoods. FAO ensures that relief efforts reduce risks and vulnerability to future crises. This not only stops the situation from deteriorating, but also sets the stage for recovery and development in the long term.

FAO’s approach puts the power back into the hands of the people we serve so that they may take control of their lives and livelihoods today to rebuild a better tomorrow.

Anne M. BauerDirectorFAO Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division

FOREWORD

Why agriculture in emergencies?Some 75 percent of the poorest people in the developing world

livestock to feed themselves, their families and their communities. It

these people are often the worst affected. Supporting agriculture istherefore an integral part of overall humanitarian assistance.

What is FAO’s role?In response to emergencies, FAO protects and rebuilds agriculturallivelihoods. FAO’s aim is to restore local food production andbolster self-reliance and dignity. This approach provides an exitfrom food aid and other forms of costly assistance. It reduces theneed for harmful coping strategies such as selling assets, forcedmigration and sex working.

Does FAO work together with other partners?Within the UN system, FAO is the leader in food security andagriculture. In emergencies, FAO addresses the requirements ofthese sectors as part of the overall response led by the UN andpartners. In concert with other agencies, including the World FoodProgramme (WFP), FAO undertakes rapid needs assessments,formulates response strategies and manages agricultural protectionand recovery assistance programmes. This complementaryapproach builds on the particular strengths of each agency, allowing

way possible.

What types of assistance does FAO provide?

veterinary medicines, livestock and tools that have been lost andperforms repairs to vital agricultural infrastructure such as irrigationsystems. FAO also offers more sophisticated assistance such asemergency seed multiplication, training of community animal healthworkers to save livestock and control diseases that also affect publichealth, educating HIV/AIDS orphans in farming techniques and otherinitiatives to foster resilience and improve food security. Theseprogrammes build on the knowledge and skills of vulnerable peopleso that they are better able to cope with future shocks. The goal isto increase self-reliance and lay the foundation for recovery.

FAO is also a trusted source of information on agriculture, food security and nutrition. FAO provides allpartners with technical and coordination assistance. This keeps everyone informed about who is doing what and where, resulting in fewer gaps in assistance, less duplication and fewer wasted resources, and moreoptimal policy, planning and programming decisions.

Major contributors for 2006-2007FAO Emergency and Rehabilitation Programme

European Commission $ 123,000,000

United States $ 60,000,000

UN Central Emergency Response Fund $ 47,000,000

Sweden $ 45,000,000

UN Trust Fund, Iraq $ 29,000,000

UN Trust Fund, Sudan $ 26,000,000

UN Trust Fund, DR Congo $ 21,000,000

Japan $ 18,000,000

Belgium $ 18,000,000

South Africa $ 16,000,000

Australia $ 15,000,000

Canada $ 15,000,000

United Kingdom $ 15,000,000

Norway $ 15,000,000

Asian Development Bank $ 13,000,000

Spain $ 10,000,000

Note: UN contributions represent multi-donor pooled funding.

FAO IN EMERGENCIES

As agriculture provides the means of making a living

for millions of people around the world, supporting

this sector is an integral part of overall humanitarian

assistance for rural people living in crisis and post-crisis

situations.

INTRODUCTION

vii

Background

African Republic (CAR) since it gained independence from France in1960. The country remains one of the poorest and least developedin the world and has one of the highest HIV/AIDS prevalencerates in Africa. While security in CAR’s northeast stabilized in

provinces, violence between militant groups, government troops

homes – often for a second time.

An estimated 197 000 internally displaced persons (IDPs) in CARhave sought refuge in urban centres or the bush and are subsequentlycut off from their main source of livelihoods. Approximately73 percent of the entire population live below the poverty line.

In 2007, the humanitarian community increased its presence in CAR

years. It will be critical to build on this progress throughout 2008and secure support for the country’s most vulnerable groups.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoods

mean food insecurity is a continuing problem, especially in the north.

and looting also destroyed crops, livestock and food reserves.Crop productivity has also been reduced by the incidence of pests.Cassava in particular is severely affected by mosaic disease.

According to a 2007 WFP emergency food needs assessment,

one meal per day and the chronic malnutrition rate in rural areasis around 41 percent. Overall, food-security requirements in CAR

affected areas of the north) to recovery and development assistance(in the centre and south of the country).

Rural households affected by HIV/AIDS are particularly vulnerable. As the effects of the disease weaken thehousehold labour force, agricultural productivity diminishes. In turn, the nutritional quality of their meals iscompromised at a time when it is more important than ever.

Across the country, there has been a reduction in agricultural practices such as beekeeping and inland

these practices is hampered by the lack of basic inputs. Vulnerable households in CAR simply cannot affordor cannot access agricultural tools and assets. The ensuing mismanagement of resources and bad farmingpractices have a negative impact on the already fragile natural environment.

KEY FACTS

• Population: 4.3 million

• GDP (PPP) per capita: US$1 128

• Population below poverty line: 73%

• Labour force by occupation: agriculture 55%,industry 20%, services 25%

• Total land area: 622 984 sq km, bordering Cameroon,Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo and the Sudan

• Total arable land: 3.1%

• Life expectancy: male: 43 years,female: 43 years

• Literacy rate: male: 63.3%, female: 40%

• Human Development Index: 172/177

(Source: UN; World Bank)

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

1

FAO IN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Over 33 000 vulnerable households in CAR receivedagricultural inputs through FAO’s emergency and rehabilitationprogramme in 2007. Agricultural kits were also distributedto 2 650 Sudanese refugees who arrived in Sam Ouandja inCAR’s far northeast in May 2007.


2

FAO responseIn 2008, FAO proposes a programme to bolster food production and ensure access to nutritious food for

region as well as HIV/AIDS-affected and female-headed households.

FAO aims to establish a national food security monitoring system to ensure better planning for and responses to food and agriculture crises. To this end, it will also seek to facilitate coordination and communication between stakeholders and actors in the agriculture sector.

In an effort to secure the long-term availability of quality food staples, FAO plans to cultivate sorghum, groundnut, maize and black-eyed pea seed as well as cassava cuttings from vitro-plants resistant to the mosaic disease.

Other interventions will support vulnerable communities through the provision of small livestock and cattle

fairs should allow better access to crop and vegetable seed, pesticides, gardening and agricultural tools.

PROPOSALS: FAO EMERGENCY AND REHABILITATION ASSISTANCE

Total funding required: US$4 325 200

Improving food security for HIV/AIDS-affected households

Objectives:To promote food security and better living conditions for women and families affected by HIV/AIDS through the distribution of vegetable seeds and gardening tools.

Activities:vegetable seeds and gardening tools; distribute agricultural inputs, ensuring that women and men have equal opportunity to participate; train households on agricultural techniques and cultivation practices to improve productivity; provide technical assistance; and integrate a monitoring and evaluation component.

Implementing partners: CNLS, NGOs.

Duration: January – December 2008.

Funds requested: US$380 200.


3

Support to the coordination of agricultural activities and set-up of a food security surveillance system

Objectives:Reinforce coordination mechanisms for emergency assistance and rehabilitation of the food security and agriculture sector; set up a food security monitoring system at the national level.

Activities:

Provide technical assistance to humanitarian partners involved in emergency agricultural activities and to development partners; facilitate the coordination of all stakeholders in the agriculture sector; improve the quality of the food security information system by setting up a food security data monitoring system; and

of emergency needs and living conditions.

Humanitarian and development organizations involved in the food security sector, the Ministry of Agricultureand the farmers they assist.

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture and members of the food security cluster.



Improving food security and income at household level through the promotion of

Objectives: Promote income-generation activities and improve food security of vulnerable households.

Activities:households, will receive support to restart beekeeping thanks to the provision of adequate inputs (hives, gloves, harvesting tools) and training on apiculture practices.

2 000 households.

Implementing partners: National and international NGOs, in close collaboration with technical ministries.




4

Emergency support for the production of quality seeds and vegetative material in the Central African Republic

Objectives:Ensure availability of seeds and vegetative material for food crops and support rehabilitation of the informal seed production sector for rural communities, farmer associations and groups of seed producers.

Activities:

Identify partners for seed multiplication, including women’s associations; procure basic seeds and disease-free vegetative material; distribute the necessary agricultural inputs (seeds, pesticides, seed cleaning material); support multiplication of seeds and vegetative material; provide technical assistance to producers; organize post-harvest treatment and warehousing; plan redistribution; and integrate monitoring and evaluation.

Implementing partners: ACDA, ICRA, international NGOs.



Objectives:Assist vulnerable households affected by insecurity to restart agricultural activities through the distribution of seeds and agricultural tools.

Activities:agricultural inputs locally and internationally; follow-up on the implementation by partners (monitoring and evaluation, technical assistance); and collaborate with ACDA to establish demonstration plots with innovative production techniques.

44 000 households in the north.

Implementing partners: Local and international NGOs.


Funds requested: US$1 333 000.


5

Improving food security and household income through small animal breeding

Objectives: Improve food security through small animal breeding.

Activities:

Support the most vulnerable families, female-headed households and families affected by HIV/AIDS; provide

and technical capacity of the governmental counterpart.

20 000 households.

Implementing partners: FNEC, ANDE, Ministry of Rural Development.



BackgroundChad is among the world’s poorest countries and continues toexperience a severe humanitarian crisis resulting from the worseningsecurity situation in its neighbouring countries. Persistent insecurityin the Darfur region of the Sudan and in the CAR, as well as growinginstability in Chad itself, linked to the activities of armed oppositiongroups and inter-community tension, are having a considerableimpact on the lives of hundreds of thousands of people. Since 2003,eastern Chad has played host to 239 700 Sudanese refugees,while the south is home to some 45 300 refugees from CAR. In

of 173 000 Chadians in the east of the country.

Despite the importance of agriculture for livelihoods across

agricultural production is at a generally low level and is subject

is vulnerable to extreme climatic events and experiences frequent

reduce already scarce resources and aggravate food insecurity.

The entire population is vulnerable to food security and Chadhas one of the highest rates of malnutrition (37 percent) in theSahel region. The southern and eastern regions are also marked bychronic food insecurity. Owing to the continued political impassein Darfur, the repatriation of refugees and voluntary return ofdisplaced persons in the east of the country is unlikely in the shortterm. Furthermore, no lasting solutions seem to be in sight for the

in northern CAR.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsAccording to an interagency survey organized by the WFP incollaboration with the Government, in March 2007 the level ofvulnerability was extremely high in the majority of areas hostingdisplaced and refugee populations. Availability and access tocultivable land remain key issues for these groups. In addition, the

levels of food insecurity and vulnerability. It is therefore essential to continue humanitarian interventionsand develop a longer-term strategy, taking into account the needs of vulnerable persons and aiming to

malnutrition rates and improve the self-reliance of vulnerable households (including displaced, refugees andhost communities).

The development of agricultural activities, distribution of inputs (such as seeds for market gardening and small

In 2008, in order to decrease the rates of malnutrition, reduce dependence on food aid and strengthen

KEY FACTS




• Labour force by occupation: agriculture 80%,industry and services 20%

• Total land area: 1 284 sq km, bordering Cameroon, Central African Republic, Libya, Niger, Nigeria andthe Sudan

• Total arable land: 3%


• Literacy rate: male: 56% , female: 39%



FAO IN CHAD

In 2007, FAO continued to assist displaced vulnerablehouseholds living in eastern Chad, with the provision of essentialagricultural inputs in order to guarantee food security and toprotect their assets. FAO, in collaboration with its partners, hasworked to improve the food security of refugees, IDPs and hostpopulations through income-generating initiatives, improving

and increasing self-reliance.

CHAD

6

CHAD

7

the livelihoods of vulnerable families, it will be essential to identify favourable conditions for agricultural production, particularly techniques adapted to food production (agriculture and livestock), conservation and commercialization.

FAO responseIn collaboration with its partners, FAO assistance will seek to improve the food security of refugees, displaced persons and host communities through interventions focusing on improved agricultural production and livestock raising, income-generating activities and community reforestation. These initiatives will contribute

attention given to women and children.

FAO’s proposed projects for 2008 will continue activities implemented in 2007 and will include the provision of high-quality seeds to vulnerable families to enable them to meet household consumption needs and generate income through the sale of surplus produce. At the same time, FAO intends to assist animal production by distributing small ruminants to vulnerable households and carrying out the vaccination of existing herds in eastern and southern Chad. Ownership of small animals is an important asset for vulnerable households because the sale of animals is a key source of income and contributes to household self-reliance. FAO, through its interventions, will also attempt to protect the environment, particularly through reforestation and soil conservation activities, but also through support to income generation from agro-forestry products.



Distribution of agricultural inputs (seeds, tools/equipment) to households vulnerable to food insecurity in Dar Sila, Salamat, Kobe and Nya-Pende

Objectives:Improve food security by increasing agricultural production among households affected by food insecurity; improve the nutritional and economic situation; promote cultural techniques adapted for training partners

Activities:

Distribution of cereal, bean, groundnut and local pulse seeds to 15 000 households, of which 10 000 arerefugees and 5 000 from host communities; distribution of market gardening seeds to approximately 10 000 refugee and host community households; boring and/or rehabilitation of 20 garden wells and

agricultural techniques to ensure the success and sustainability of the project.

Total: 10 000 refugee households and 5 000 host community households (60% in the east and 40% in the south, children: 30%; women: 45%).

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture, UNHCR, WFP, Africare, African Concern, CARE, IRD.



CHAD

8

Assistance to animal production through the distribution of small ruminantsto vulnerable households and through vaccination of existing herds in east and south Chad

Objectives:To protect herds against infectious diseases, reconstitute small livestock production, strengthen the capacity

Activities:

Promote small livestock production for vulnerable households by distributing to them good quality goats and sheep; vaccinate animals belonging to refugee, displaced and host community households, as well as those of transhumant populations, in order to protect the livestock against infectious diseases; and promote income-generating livestock activities for households vulnerable to food insecurity, such as widows and other single women.

Total: 2 500 vulnerable households among the displaced populations, refugees and host communities (60% in the east and 40% in the south; women: 75%; men: 25%).

Implementing partners:Regional Delegations of Livestock Production, UNHCR, WFP, Africare, African Concern, IRD, InternationalCommittee of the Red Cross, CARE.



Environmental protection through reforestation in and around the refugee andIDP camps

Objectives:

To promote the use of agro-forestry for the protection of the environment in areas playing host to refugee and displaced populations; improve food security through the production and consumption of fruits and production of fodder for domestic animals; support income-generating activities based on agro-forestry products; and promote reforestation and soil conservation activitites.

Activities:Supply agro-forestry and fodder seeds to approximately 2 500 refugee and host community households; drill garden wells and distribute irrigation equipment close to nursery sites; create sites for the production and distribution of plants; and training in the creation of nurseries and in soil conservation.

Total: 1 500 refugee and displaced households, 1 000 host community households (60%: east, 40%: south;children: 40%; women: 30%; men: 30%).

Implementing partners:Technical Ministries (Agriculture/Livestock, Water, Environment), UNHCR, WFP, UNDP, Africare, AfricanConcern, IRD, ACF.



BackgroundSince the outbreak of civil war in September 2002, the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire has continued to endure severe economic, humanitarian and social consequences. Following the cessation of hostilities through the signing of the Ouagadougou Peace Agreement in March 2007, the political landscape has evolved. However, there are still serious concerns about the Government’s roadmap for the implementation of the accords.

while social services remain heavily overstretched. Vulnerable population groups have suffered a decline in living conditions owing

Social unrest has increased, especially in urban areas, where the elevated cost of living has prompted protests from a wide range of different groups. Supporting the sustainable resettlement of displaced and highly vulnerable persons continues to be a priority, particularly in the volatile west and north of the country.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsDespite Government attempts to diversify the economy, Côte d’Ivoire remains heavily dependent on agriculture, engaging roughly 68 percent of the population. A joint FAO/WFP assessment indicated that 44 percent of the population lives below the poverty

reduced access to land, causing a decline in agricultural production. Escalating international costs for agricultural commodities has led to a rise in prices for rice, wheat palm oil and milk, thereby diminishing the purchasing power of households. Access to quality seed, tools and fertilizer is limited, greatly inhibiting farming activities. As a result, income generation in the north and west of the country is

population.

In the north of the country, the crisis in the cotton trade has eroded the livelihoods of 100 000 households, while the plummeting market value of cashew nuts has affected 60 000 households. The resurgence of animal diseases (trypanosomiasis and anthrax), together with the persistence of infestation rates, threaten the development of livestock. Furthermore, climatic hazards and poor yields persist in jeopardizing

FAO responseIn 2008, the main objective of FAO’s activities in Côte d’Ivoire will focus on reinforcing food security and nutrition as well as restoring basic livelihoods for the most vulnerable populations. FAO’s proposals seek to assist groups with special vulnerabilities, such as households without access to land, returnees, displaced persons, as well as households affected by HIV/AIDS. Proposed projects include the distribution of agricultural inputs, training in nutrition, improved farming and livestock breeding practices, and support to marketing

KEY FACTS

• Population: 18 million



• Labour force by occupation: agriculture 68%,industry and services: 32%

• Total land area: 322 460 sq km, bordering the AtlanticOcean, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia and Mali

• Total arable land: 10%


• Literacy rate: male: 57.9% , female: 43.6%



FAO IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE

In 2007, FAO implemented a seed multiplication programme

in support of more than 6 000 households yielding

1 200 tonnes of quality seed. FAO also invested in the

prevention of livestock diseases through the vaccination of

1 000 000 bovines and 600 000 small ruminants.

CÔTE D’IVOIRE

9

CÔTE D’IVOIRE

10

and income-generating activities. Technical support to the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock will be provided to ensure the coordination of emergency agricultural activities, food security and early warning and control systems.



Technical assistance to animal trypanosomiasis control in Côte d’Ivoire

Objectives:To reduce the incidence of animal trypanosomiasis in livestock in northern, western and central Côte d’Ivoire.

Activities:

Support selected livestock owners with preventative measures against animal trypanosomiasis. Train craftsmen in the construction of glossina traps, and livestock owners in trap maintenance and operation. Distribute10 000 traps in project areas. Update the accuracy of entomological and parasitical data and their effects on animal health.

Vulnerable livestock owners in northern, western and central Côte d’Ivoire.

Implementing partners: Government of Côte d’Ivoire.



Support to the coordination of emergency agricultural operations and food security information collection and analysis

Objectives:To strengthen the relevancy and effectiveness of food security interventions through support to coordination and food security analysis mechanisms.

Activities:Support the collection of agricultural, food security and nutrition information. Enhance stakeholder coordination and create consensus among humanitarian actors based on the validation of the IPC.Recommend and design the interventions most likely to be effective in each situation.

IDPs, returnees, vulnerable farmers, humanitarian actors engaged in agricultural programmes and the Government of Côte d’Ivoire.

Implementing partners: Government of Côte d’Ivoire, WFP, UNICEF, OCHA and international NGOs.



CÔTE D’IVOIRE

11

Provision of agricultural inputs to assist vulnerable rural households affected by

Objectives:To reinforce the production capacity of vulnerable farmers and promote exchange of local seeds through the provision of essential agricultural inputs and the organization of seed fairs.

Activities:

25 500 vulnerable farmers, including IDPs, returnees, food-insecure households, and persons affected by HIV/AIDS.

Implementing partners: WFP, NGOs, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Animal Production and Water Resources.



Livelihood support to vulnerable population in war-affected regions of Côte d’Ivoire

Objectives:To strengthen the livelihoods of vulnerable households, especially IDPs and returnees by raising and diversifying their sources of revenue.

Activities:Cover the initial investment needed for the resumption of income-generating activities. Promote simple

rehabilitation on drying platforms and storage facilities.

4 000 war-affected families.

Implementing partners: WFP, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Livestock, Ministry of Trade, NGOs and local communities.



CÔTE D’IVOIRE

12

Support to nutrition and livelihoods of vulnerable households and communities

Objectives:To enhance the livelihoods of vulnerable communities by diversifying cropping techniques through home gardening.

Activities:

Introduce an agricultural support component to existing feeding programmes, as well as water and sanitation projects. Support 8 000 households through home gardening. Organize workshops to gain a common understanding on the causes of malnutrition, and encourage a multi-sectoral approach to identify support interventions at the community level. Deliver refresher training courses for local organizations and

8 000 vulnerable households and related communities.

Implementing partners: National Nutrition Programme (Ministry of Health), ANADER, WFP, NGOs, UNICEF.



BackgroundHuman suffering in Somalia has soared despite the progress

affected populations throughout the country. Escalated violence

already chronic humanitarian emergency.

Some 1.5 million people require urgent assistance, constituting a 50 percent increase in needs since the beginning of 2007. The

of assistance to reach populations in need.

The lack of central governance for over 16 years has fuelled chronic vulnerability and malnutrition levels, leaving the country without recourse to basic social services. Population movements have placed additional strain on already dwindling resources and depleted coping strategies. The majority of the 850 000 new and protracted IDPs are women and children, increasingly at risk of sexual- and gender-based violence, HIV/AIDS exposure, exploitation and other injustices. Increasing access to food, means of production and livelihood options will be critical to strengthening self-reliance among vulnerable populations and their capacity to recover from past, present and future shocks.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsUnderlying poverty and malnutrition in Somalia are compounded by

recurrent weather hazards, civil unrest and population movements.

While the livelihoods of 80 percent of the population directly

depend on agriculture and livestock, rural households are able to

produce only 20 to 60 percent of their food requirements. Somalia,

imports. Increased household production and purchasing power

are thus crucial to restoring food security levels in the country.

Regions most at risk include Lower and Middle Shabelle, Hiran, Mudug and Galgadud. Drought-induced crop

failure in southern Somalia, where 90 percent of cereal is produced, yielded its lowest production in over

underground storage of cereal reserves in some areas and triggered livestock disease outbreaks and a rise in

animal mortality.

Urgent efforts are needed to reduce crop failure and livestock disease and death, which result in export

bans, internal market disruption and increased prices for local agricultural and livestock products. These

factors impede sustainable access to food at all levels, depleting the capacity of vulnerable populations to

KEY FACTS


• GDP (PPP) per capita: US$600

• Population below poverty line: n/d

• Labour force by occupation: agriculture 71%,industry and services 29%

• Total land area: 637 657 sq km, bordering theGulf of Aden, the Indian Ocean, Ethiopia and Djibouti



• Literacy rate: male: 49.7%, female: 25.8%

• Human Development Index: not ranked


FAO IN SOMALIA

Donor support in 2007 enabled FAO to provide tools, high-yielding seeds and livestock inputs and support to vulnerable IDPs, returnees and host community members. FAO improved access to food, means of production and infrastructure, while strengthening interventions in the agriculture sector through the timely analysis and dissemination of food security and nutrition information and the capacity building of implementing partners.

SOMALIA

13

SOMALIA

14

FAO responseIn 2008, FAO aims to continue empowering households to resume agricultural and livestock production while addressing the root causes of vulnerability. With donor support, FAO seeks to provide agricultural tools

farming practices, crop storage and pest management.

Proposed interventions to enhance pastoral livelihoods include animal redistribution and destocking activities, capacity building of animal health workers at the professional and community levels, coupled with veterinary input provision, strengthening livestock disease surveillance and promoting health and hygiene in

infrastructure, including water points, river embankments and canals.

As the lead agency in food security and livelihoods, FAO will continue to strengthen coordination among actors in the sector through improved information sharing, consensus building on response options,

in emergency programming. FAO’s proposed activities will dedicate special focus on women and children.

Some of the activities proposed are in support of the United Nations Transitional Plan (UNTP), which sets out the strategy of the UN in Somalia throughout 2008-2009. The focus of the UNTP is to support the

the commitment of UN agencies to jointly assist the Somali people.



Provision of emergency livelihood services to directly increase food access and means of production

Objectives: Protect and improve household food security, including the asset base.

Activities:

Locally purchase and distribute agricultural inputs (primarily seeds) for drought-tolerant crops

redistribution activities to marginalized pastoralists, with particular attention to female-headed households; support destocking of primarily ‘non-productive’ animals as a voluntary option for pastoralists affected by drought; and carry out other livestock interventions as necessary according to the rainfall situation and the resulting condition of rangeland, livestock health and markets.

100 000 farmers (50 percent women; 20 percent female-headed households).

Implementing partners: ASEP, SADO, AFREC, ACF, COOPI and VSF-S.



SOMALIA

15

Strengthen community capacity to cope with future shocks

Objectives: Increase livelihood resilience and preserve productive assets.

Activities:

Strengthen public infrastructure, particularly water points through cash-for-work schemes, thus facilitating livestock movement during drought (rehabilitation of 50 traditional water points for livestock); support fodder production initiatives along rivers in order to develop economic partnerships between farmers and pastoralists (including fodder and crop seed production); support animal health initiatives aiming to increase the capacity of Somali livestock professionals and CAHWs and public-private partnerships for improved animal health; and rehabilitate river embankments and canals (in line with SWALIM assessments and recommendations).

75 000 households (50 percent women; 20 percent female-headed households).

Implementing partners: ASEP, SADO, AFREC, ACF, COOPI and VSF-S.



Strengthen emergency coordination mechanisms and community capabilities

Objectives: Maximize access and response to vulnerable groups.

Activities:

Conduct monthly coordination meetings in Nairobi and Somalia for emergency interventions in order to support agriculture and livelihoods information sharing systems and establish consensus on response options, targeting and monitoring and evaluation; provide training and support to credible Somali partners through PCM approaches; and sensitize and provide training to partners on constraints and solutions for HIV/AIDSand gender mainstreaming in emergency planning for agriculture and livelihood interventions.

All stakeholders involved in the agriculture and livelihoods IASC cluster.

Implementing partners: Oxfam GB and Save the Children UK.



SOMALIA

16

Livelihoods establishment programme in support of most vulnerable households

Objectives:Provide livelihood-enabling assets to the most vulnerable households to assist them to rebuild sustainable livelihoods.

Activities:Provide livelihood-enabling assets to the most vulnerable households in Somalia, targeting principally destitute IDPs living in the community.

15 000 IDP and destitute households in Somalia (minimum 50 percent women; 20 percent female-headed households).

Implementing partners: International and national NGOs.



Objectives:Improve household livelihoods through improved agricultural production of the canal command area and

Activities:

Carry out community mobilization and awareness; conduct technical appraisals of hydraulic structures, including intakes and culverts within selected systems; undertake necessary survey and design and prepare bill of quantities for selected infrastructure; contract, carry out and supervise infrastructure rehabilitation; reinforce river embankments; and facilitate linkages between farmers and pastoralists.

people in agricultural areas.

Implementing partners: FAO and Water for Life.



SOMALIA

17

(included in UNTP)

Objectives:Increase household livelihoods through improved agricultural production of the canals command area and

Activities:to create a better crop production environment; strengthen approximately 2 km of bank sections; form WUAs to operate, maintain and manage the rehabilitated infrastructure for improved water control and crop production; and provide training to WUA committee members in operation and maintenance of the

Implementing partners: FAO and Agrosphere.



Support to food security through improved agricultural production (includedin UNTP)

Objectives:Strengthen livelihoods at the household level, in particular food security, through increased household production and income derived from better crop yields and reduced post-harvest losses.

Activities:

Provide practical advice, demonstrations and on-farm training for farmers and farmer groups/associations

technology to farmers for effective preservation of cereal and pulse grains and minimal storage loss.

Implementing partners: UNA Consortium.



SOMALIA

18

Objectives:infrastructure, dissemination of seafood market information and capacity building.

Activities:

receiving and distribution centre for locally-produced chilled seafood products; set up the organization

seafood handling, storage and marketing among people involved in project implementation, including

Implementing partners:



Support to pastoral communities on livelihood risk reduction (included in UNTP)

Objectives:Strengthen the capacity of pastoral and agropastoral communities to cope with shocks affecting their livelihoods and contribute to the enhancement of health and hygiene.

Activities:

Strengthen the capacity for livestock disease surveillance and control, treatment and drug distribution delivery through capacity building, networking and material support, and linking the public sector veterinary administration, veterinary associations and veterinary pharmacy owners with CAHWs; rehabilitate community water pans in strategic livestock areas along transhumance or market routes and in pasture areas through cash-for-work schemes; improve hygiene conditions and facilities for meat processing at the village level, involving pastoralists, butchers’ associations, women’s groups and veterinary professionals.

60 000 people (children: 20 000; women: 10 000).

Implementing partners: COOPI.



Support to the Food Security Analysis Unit (FSAU) - Phase V (included in UNTP)

Objectives: Financial support to FSAU seasonal and rapid emergency assessments.

Activities:

Ensure that a broad range of stakeholders have access to appropriate information for emergency response and development planning. The Somalia 2006, 2007 and 2008 CAPs are solely based on the food, livelihood and nutrition security situation analysis produced by FSAU’s seasonal and rapid emergency assessments, its

All stakeholders in Somalia (local authorities, donors, UN agencies, international NGOs, NGOs and the people of Somalia).

Implementing partners: UN agencies, Government ministries, international NGOs, local NGOs and local communities in Somalia.



(joint project with UNDP)

Objectives:agricultural associations and local administrations; to improve access to water resources; and to enhance

Activities:management and associated infrastructure; expand the irrigation networks at Sabuun, Beletweyne, Balad,Jalalaqsi, Bula Burte, Sakow, Buale and Jilib; build the capacity of farmers and their association to better manage productive infrastructure; and implement agro-forestry and renewable energy activities.

Total: 68 000. Children and women: Approx. 20 000; other groups: regional administrators and farmers groups.

Implementing Partners: Regional administrations, agricultural associations and community management committees.


Funds requested: US$5 500 000 (UNDP: US$4 000 000; FAO: US$1 500 000).

SOMALIA

19

Background

Republic of Uganda and the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) spurred

widespread insecurity and displaced some 1.8 million people. While

for peace in the north, Karimojong armed aggressions continue

and account for the displacement of 110 000 IDPs in northeastern

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda and the Sudan.

Despite these challenges, humanitarian efforts empowered

500 000 IDPs to return home, with another 400 000 en route. In

the very light of such progress, however, humanitarian needs in

Uganda remain high. It is essential to ensure a smooth transition

within and from all phases of the resettlement process – from

camps, to transit and upon return. Still 800 000 Ugandans in

the north have yet to leave IDP camps and less than half of the

Karimojong-affected IDPs are expected to return home in 2008. In

addition, some 50 000 households (300 000 people) were affected

take them at least two harvests to fully recover their losses.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsHigh underlying levels of poverty, climatic shocks and long

displacements in Uganda have debilitated the coping capacities of

vulnerable communities. Recovery is contingent on strengthening

the self-reliance of the predominantly food-aid dependant population

Acholi, the former breadbasket of the country, accounts for

20 percent of Uganda’s arable land. Now, limited assets remain, land

access is restricted and livestock decimation has reached alarming

levels, with only 5 to 10 percent of households owning animals. As

food aid currently contributes to between 33 and 40 percent of the average household food basket, the

sustainable resumption of agricultural production is paramount to food security.

High rates of IDP return and increased land access in Lango bring prospects for recovery. However, food

insecurity and undernutrition levels in areas of return are higher than expected, with varying levels of food

insecurity reported among 74 percent of households in Lira district. Challenges lie in maximizing land usage,

strengthening the coverage of agricultural assistance in pace with the rate of return and increasing the

purchasing power of returnees.

KEY FACTS

• Population: 30 million




• Total land area: 199 710 sq km, bordering the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda,the Sudan and Tanzania



• Literacy rate: male: 76.8% , female: 57.7%



FAO IN UGANDA

Thanks to donor support in 2007, FAO provided tools and quality seed varieties to IDPs, returnees and vulnerable host community members. FAO helped thousands of households to rebuild their asset base through the promotion of seed-multiplication activities, increasing the availability and value of agricultural products. The widespread success of the FarmerField School approach in Uganda has increased community participation and the transfer of knowledge in improved agricultural practices.

UGANDA

20

and food availability has plummeted. Many IDP camps are situated in low-lying areas, where crops have rotted

due to water logging.

In Karamoja, over 60 percent of the population is food insecure. A multifaceted approach is needed that

combines emergency food assistance with longer-term interventions addressing the root causes of insecurity.

Also, strengthening early warning capacities will be essential to monitor changes to livelihood and security

situations in a region still contending with ongoing violence.

West Nile and South West host IDPs as well as refugees. Decreasing dependency on food aid in the region

is contingent on land access. Only some 18 percent of refugees has phased off food aid, while IDPs, displaced

more recently in 2005-2006 due to LRA activity in West Nile, have received considerably less attention.

FAO responseIn 2008, FAO seeks to provide IDPs, refugees and vulnerable host-community members with the inputs and

training necessary to resume crop and livestock production, increase food availability and strengthen self-

reliance. To maximize interventions throughout the country, FAO will continue to strengthen coordination

avoiding the duplication of efforts and enhancing the capacity of humanitarian actors to detect and assist

communities most in need.

To boost agricultural production, FAO’s proposed activities include seed multiplication at the farmer level,

seed fairs and the provision of tools, high-quality crop and vegetable seeds and disease-free cassava/sweet

potato cuttings. In addition to training in improved agricultural and livestock practices, FAO endeavours to

prepare children as future food producers while diversifying their nutritional support. FAO also aims to link

FFSs with seed suppliers and commodity buyers and improve market infrastructure and accessibility.

Agropastoral interventions will focus on animal restocking, livestock fairs, improving animal health through

vaccination campaigns and strengthening the skills of Community Animal Health Workers (CAHWs). To

counteract environmental degradation, FAO activities will seek to promote conservation agriculture, energy-

saving stoves and water management initiatives.

reduce the risk of rising malnutrition among Uganda’s most vulnerable, empowering them to strengthen their

communities while providing for themselves and their families.

UGANDA

21

UGANDA

22



Support to the food security cluster coordination and improve the activity monitoring and evaluation system

Objectives:Strengthen the coordination of food security actors and interventions in emergency and recovery situations and improve the agricultural information base.

Activities:

Coordinate monthly food security cluster meetings; improve monitoring and evaluation and provide training to partner staff; conduct regular consultative updating of the Food Security Cluster Plan of Action; map and

assessments to collect data (relevant to land use, livestock, skill development needs, etc.) and update the Dynamic Atlas; develop and promote more innovative and comprehensive recovery/development activities (e.g. FFS, vouchers-for-work and cash-for-work schemes, input/output market development, village savings

and the private sector; and promote and adopt the humanitarian IPC system.

Food-insecure populations in Acholi, Lango, Teso, Karamoja and West Nile regions (TBC).

Implementing partners: All food security cluster members (30 NGOs, 3 UN agencies and the Government).



Comprehensive support to restore the productive agricultural livelihoods and income security of the displaced and returning communities in northern Uganda

Objectives:Improve agricultural-based livelihoods and the household economy of 30 000 returning IDP households – facilitating recovery.

Activities:

Establish 1 000 FFSs, through which to implement quality crop seed multiplication at the farmer level;

post-harvest activities; provision of animal traction inputs and grinding mills to increase land access and productivity; livestock fairs; animal restocking; animal health provision at the community level; linking FFSswith seed suppliers and commodity buyers; improvement of input and output market infrastructure and accessibility; voucher-for-work schemes; infrastructure rehabilitation; village saving and loan associations; income-generating activities; conservation agriculture; energy-saving stoves; woodlots and agroforestry; water management; and training in agricultural and livestock practices.

30 000 returning IDP households in 1 000 FFS groups in Acholi, Lango and Teso subregions.




UGANDA

23

Support the productive agricultural livelihoods in IDP camps and at the Parish level through distribution of starter kits to IDP and returning communities in Acholi, Lango and Teso subregions

Objectives:Support both voluntary returning and camp-based IDP communities in Acholi, Lango and Teso subregions through combining food and cash transfers with agricultural productivity enhancement – facilitating recovery.

Activities:

Provide agricultural input packages to improve livestock and agricultural production and enhance income generation. Livestock assistance will provide oxen for animal traction, small ruminants and village animal

reinject cash; cassava and sweet potato distribution (disease-free and vitamin A rich varieties); vegetable seed provision for rapid food production and sale; and the distribution of grinding mills and ploughs to increase land cultivation areas.

100 000 IDP and returning households (including women and children) in Acholi, Lango and Teso subregions.

Implementing partners: OPM, MAAIF, UN agencies, NGOs, district/local authorities, NARO and NAADS.



Support to the Karamoja livestock production system

Objectives:Enhance agropastoralists’ production capabilities and resilience to weather hazards through increased food security and household income.

Activities:

Coordinate the food security and livestock coordination group in Karamoja; collect participatory epidemiology data and carry out general surveillance on disease outbreaks, with special focus on Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) and Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP); conduct awareness and vaccination campaigns against PPR (2 million animals) and CBPP (1 million animals); and develop community-based animal health skills through CAHWs and promotion of the Pastoralist Field School approach, with focus on small ruminant management for women.

Approximately 50 000 to 100 000 Karimojong agropastoralist households in Abim, Kaabong, Kotido, Morotoand Nakapiripirit districts.

Implementing partners:Cooperation & Development, Caritas, Church of Uganda, MADEFO, ACTED, DADO, Happy Cow Project, ARELIMOK, JICAHWA, VSF and development partners in Karamoja.



UGANDA

24

Support to the agricultural production in Karamoja

Objectives:Enhancement of the food security situation of agropastoral households through strengthening and diversifying their livelihoods.

Activities:

Establish FFS groups; provide mosaic-free and brown-streak-tolerant cassava cuttings and vines of orange

cowpea, sorghum and pearl millet seed varieties; supply ox-ploughs to cultivate more land and reduce drudgery; provide training on crop and animal husbandry practices; and promote improved post-harvest management, preservation and processing techniques thereby adding value to agricultural production.

each in Moroto, Nakapiripirit, Kaabong, Kotido and Abim districts.

Implementing partners:Cooperation and Development, Oxfam, ACTED, Matheniko Development Forum, Social Services and Development



Environment rehabilitation of former IDP camps

Objectives:Establishment of woodlots and fruit gardens in 61 former IDP camps during the camp closure/phase-out process. The project will support the creation of conditions for the achievement of lasting solutions – facilitating recovery.

Activities:

Coordinate with the CCCM Cluster and Camp Phase Out Committees to identify places and modalities to establish woodlots and fruit gardens and sensitize the population; set up a central nursery to raise much needed seedlings; distribute the seedlings necessary to establish 305 acres of woodlots and fruit gardens; provide training in basic management skills in forestry and agricultural practice to 61 community members in charge of agriculture/forestry from former camps (in collaboration with departments of forestry/production

466 000 former inhabitants of the 61 IDP camps in Apac, Lira and Oyam districts, including the extremely vulnerable and populations who opt to remain in areas of former displacement.

Implementing partners:Straight Talk Foundation in coordination with UNHCR (jointly developed by FAO and UNHCR in the framework of the ongoing camp closure/camp phase-out process).



UGANDA

25

Improvement of the rapid response capacity of the food security cluster

Objectives:Address emergency food security needs caused by sudden onset crises – saving lives and facilitating recovery.

Activities:

Develop an early response capacity for FAO to respond to new and heightened emergency situations; set up a fund to be used for the rapid deployment of emergency personnel to conduct needs assessments, establish coordination units and provide for the immediate mobilization and distribution of seed and toolkits (or other appropriate interventions) to affected agricultural households.

25 000 households affected by sudden onset food security crisis, wherever a crisis occurs.




Support to increased agricultural production, environmental restoration and

(joint project with UNHCR)

Objectives:Improve self-reliance in agricultural production and cash income while restoring and rehabilitating the environment around refugee and IDP settlements.

Activities:

Organize FFS groups for the provision of technical assistance, beehives and multipurpose tree seedlings for the establishment of woodlots and fruit gardens within and near settlements. Provide training to refugees, IDPs and host communities on energy-saving technologies, apiculture, agro-forestry, animal traction and crop husbandry practices. Strengthen post-harvest handling, value-adding and marketing. Provide hoes and planting materials to FFS groups in IDP and refugee settlements as well as ox-ploughs, oxen and planting materials to host communities.

26 000 households in the four districts of West Nile, including IDPs, refugees and host communities.

Implementing partners:UNHCR, Danish Refugee Council, Appropriate Technology (Uganda), NAADS, AAH, DS DAR, WFP, CEFORDand CARE.



Support to the establishment of vegetable gardens, tree nurseries and woodlots in

Objectives:Improve the nutritional status, agricultural knowledge and skills of children through the establishment of school gardens and woodlots in primary schools – facilitating recovery.

Activities:

Support the environmental sustainability of school-based activities and enhance primary-school agriculture curriculum through establishing school demonstration gardens and woodlots in 270 primary schools; provide vegetable seeds, tools and tree seedlings to schools; train pupils in basic agronomic, crop husbandry and fruit tree nursery practices; and conduct monitoring and evaluation of project performance.

300 000 children (including girls and boys) in Acholi and Lango subregions.

Implementing partners:Ministry of Education and Sports, Straight Talk Foundation, local governments, School ManagementCommittees and NGOs.



UGANDA

26

BackgroundPopulations across West Africa are vulnerable to intense shocks,

which can severely impact their livelihoods and food security.

infrastructure, food stocks, crops and livestock, affecting some 800 000 people. This was followed by a sudden and early end to the rains. As a result, many food crops will require a full year before the next harvest can take place, which will have a considerable impact on food security in 2008 in one of the poorest regions of the world.

The combination of poverty, lack of basic services and education and weak governance render communities in West Africa extremely vulnerable to recurrent disasters, disease outbreaks, violence and food insecurity. The region hosts a large number of displaced persons. In some countries, such as Liberia, the reduction in civil

the country towards recovery and rehabilitation. There have also been signs of improvement in the complex socio-political crisis that has affected Côte d’Ivoire for four years. However, the long-term effects of these crises are expected to persist. In 2008 considerable support is needed to ensure the successful reintegration of displaced populations and restore the food security of host communities.

Despite progress in 2007 to address child undernutrition and hunger in the Sahel (Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania and the Niger and northern regions of Benin, Ghana and Togo), the area continues to experience some of the highest child undernutrition rates in the world. In 2005, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), WFP, the World Health Organization and FAO developed a joint strategy to prevent and treat acute undernutrition in children in the Sahel. In 2008, it remains imperative to implement programmes aimed at saving the lives of children, both in the Sahel and other countries at risk.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoods In 2008, improving food security in the Sahel remains a priority. Over 13 million people in the area are food insecure. Those most vulnerable are farmers with limited access to land, animals and/or seeds for cultivation. Efforts to address food insecurity throughout West Africa require a coordinated response, taking advantage of synergies that exist between the projects and programmes being implemented by government partners, humanitarian organizations and UN agencies.

Coping with natural disasters has proven to be a major issue for governments and communities in West Africa. Although most countries in the region have a natural disaster management plan to assist in disaster preparedness, local populations are often unfamiliar with the national information system and governments are easily overwhelmed by the scope of a disaster. The exchange of early warning information between relevant actors in the region is essential to enhance preparedness and ensure a timely response. Most West

KEY FACTS

• Countries covered by the Appeal:

Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana,

Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, the Niger, Nigeria, Mali,

Mauritania, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo

• Total population: 250 million


In 2007, FAO provided key inputs (including crop seeds

and cassava cuttings) to improve the food security and

agricultural and livestock production capacities of over

200 000 vulnerable households in West Africa. Support was

also provided to seed multiplication activities and to improve

food security analysis in the region.

WEST AFRICA

27

WEST AFRICA

28

African countries have limited preparedness capacities and poorly functioning early warning systems. Where early warning systems do exist, the information often remains centralized and is poorly communicated.

FAO responseIn 2008, the food security sector will seek to strengthen the capacity of humanitarian actors to respond to food insecurity in West Africa and prevent undernutrition in young children. FAO intends to continue to work with WFP to address food insecurity through joint planning of food and seed distributions, provision of seed protection rations and food- and cash-for-work interventions for asset creation, livelihood protection and risk reduction.

In collaboration with national governments and local and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs), FAO will aim to support the production capacity of farming and pastoralist

through the distribution of key agricultural inputs, including cereal crop seeds (such as millet, sorghum and maize), veterinary drugs and vaccines and small ruminants.

FAO’s proposed interventions will also focus on providing vegetable seeds for backyard gardens to ensure dietary diversity in vulnerable households. With adequate funding, support will also be provided for the establishment of vegetable gardens in schools or feeding centres run by UNICEF in order to help combat child undernutrition and hunger. In addition, FAO will work in partnership with WFP to strengthen food security analysis at the national and regional levels and ensure that the humanitarian community can effectively and



Rapid Response Fund to assist farmers affected by natural and human-made disasters

Objectives: Restore food production capacity of most vulnerable agricultural households affected by food insecurity.

Activities:

Act as a Rapid Response Fund to meet the needs of food-insecure vulnerable agricultural households by supplying 5 to 20 kg of millet, sorghum or maize seeds to enable 300 000 farming families to cultivate 0.3 to 1 hectare; 2.5 kg of cowpea seeds to enable cultivation of 0.125 hectares; 40 g of vegetable seeds to 100 000 households to cultivate 400 m2 of vegetable gardens; and seed and tool kits to set up vegetable gardens in 100 supplementary feeding centres and/or schools supported by UNICEF; and implement a voucher-based cash-for-work scheme to establish quality seed production at the community level.

300 000 households (approximately 2 200 000 individuals).

Implementing partners: Ministries of Agriculture and international and local NGOs.


Funds requested US$8 426 000.

WEST AFRICA

29

Rapid Response Fund to assist stockbreeders affected by natural and human-made disasters

Objectives: Protect, save and restore the livelihood assets of the most food insecure pastoral households.

Activities:

Providing supplementary feed, protecting livestock against parasites and reinstating destitute herders through livestock restocking. Activities are likely to include supplying cotton grain, wheat grain, oil cake and mineral blocks for 40 000 cattle, 200 000 small ruminants and 15 000 dromedaries belonging to 70 000 stockbreeders; supplying deworming pills and external anti-parasite medication for 40 000 cattle,200 000 small ruminants and 15 000 dromedaries weakened by parasite infestation; providing information, training and awareness on disease and animal health; and livestock reconstitution with small ruminants for 30 000 vulnerable households.

100 000 stockbreeder households (approximately 700 000 individuals).

Implementing partners: Ministries of Animal Resources and international and local NGOs.



recovery for food insecure populations in the Niger

Objectives:of vulnerable populations.

Activities:

Supply 500 tonnes of improved food crop seeds and 2 000 tonnes of fertilizers to 40 000 most vulnerable households to cover 35 000 hectares; facilitate quality seed production (of millet, sorghum, cowpea and groundnut) on 1 200 hectares for an estimated production of 900 tonnes of improved seeds; rehabilitate

vegetable seeds, cassava cuttings, fertilizers and phyto-sanitary products to nearly 65 000 households;

schools or nutritional centres; and capacity building for extension workers.

136 000 vulnerable households (approximately 952 000 individuals – 70 percent women and 2 500 schoolchildren).

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agricultural Development, WFP, UNICEF, international NGOs (including Ananda Marga Universal Relief Team International; ACF - Spain; Oxfam - Great Britain; Catholic Relief Services; Africare and Care) and farmers’ associations.



WEST AFRICA

30

Rehabilitation and reinforcement of sustainable livelihoods of vulnerable agro-pastoral households in Niger

Objectives: Secure small stockbreeders’ animals from health risks and consolidate household safety nets.

Activities:

Restock small ruminants for 6 000 households, including those that recorded animal losses as a result

ruminants; sanitary protection (vaccination and deworming) of 1.5 million small ruminants (1 million goats and 500 000 sheep); sanitary protection (vaccination against Newcastle disease and deworming against coccidiosis) of 1 million birds in Zinder and Maradi; provide training in poultry techniques to improve the productivity of traditional poultry; poultry restocking for 3 000 households; and development and production of I2 vaccines against Newcastle disease.

259 000 households, including at least 9 000 vulnerable households.

Implementing partners:Ministry of Animal Resources, local and international NGOs (including Africare, ACF, VSF - Belgium and Association pour la redynamisation de l’élevage, among others).



Strengthening the capacity of humanitarian actors to respond to food insecurity in

Objectives:Improve food security and vulnerability analysis and consensus building for coherent, coordinated emergency actions.

Activities:

Collaboration with regional and national entities to strengthen early warning system’s institutional mechanisms; demand-driven support to methodological development to enable regional and national institutions to track the food security, nutrition and vulnerability situation in target countries; ensuring broader participation and consensus in the regional Food Security and Nutrition working group, including regional actors, and supporting the establishment or expansion of such groups at the national level; identifying actions for rapid response to severe food insecurity of vulnerable groups; and providing technical support to humanitarian agencies intervening in the food security sector to ensure consistency and coherence with regionally-led actions.

Decision-makers in governments, donors, UN partners and NGOs; vulnerable rural households (e.g., victims

Implementing partners: Concerned governments and national and regional institutions.



BackgroundIn 2007, political, economic and social conditions continued to deteriorate in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, following the

inter-factional hostilities. As a result, there are now two authorities in control, the Government of the Prime Minister Salaam Fayyed in the West Bank and Hamas in Gaza.

Ordinary Palestinians continue to bear the brunt of the ongoing crisis with unemployment rates reaching 32 percent in the Gaza Strip and 23 percent in the West Bank. Increases in West Bank checkpoints coupled with trade restrictions have severely impacted the movement of people and goods and correspond to a major obstacle to income generation. Moreover, West Bank closures,

cisterns have impeded access to water. In the Gaza Strip, import limitations and the export freeze may lead to an irreversible collapse of the economy.

Challenges facing food security and livelihoodsThe agriculture sector in the West Bank and Gaza Strip is a source of sustainable employment, income-generation and food security for many Palestinians and represents the main coping mechanism in rural areas. To this end, in February 2007, a joint FAO/WFP assessment indicated that 57 percent of Palestinians live below the poverty line, while food insecurity affects 34 percent of the population. The most vulnerable areas are Tubas, Nablus, Tulkarm and Qalqiliya in the West Bank and North Gaza, Khan Yunis and Rafah in the Gaza Strip. Access to adequate food remains a problem as a result of high market prices, declining household purchasing power, localized food shortages and limited access to arable land exacerbated by the tightened closure regime and the Barrier.

to escalating prices of agricultural inputs, including fertilizers and

become increasingly rare among Gazans, on account of the growing number of security restrictions in place. Scarce water resources are a primary concern and prevent poor farmers from diversifying their crops to alleviate the impact of the current situation. The inability to acquire protein-rich foods has led to an increase in micronutrient

FAO responseThe objective of FAO interventions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip is to protect immediate food security by preventing further erosion of the productive capacity, asset base and market space and enhancing protection, risk mitigation and crisis response, and coordination. Accordingly, project proposals include support to

the rehabilitation of groundwater wells and various multi-sectoral training components. Income generation

KEY FACTS

• Population: West Bank: 2.5 million;Gaza Strip: 1.5 million

• GDP (PPP) per capita: US$1 500 (includes both)

• Population below poverty line:West Bank: 56%; Gaza Strip: 88%

• Labour force by occupation:West Bank: agriculture: 16%, industry: 29%, services: 55%; Gaza Strip: agriculture: 12%, industry: 18%, services: 70%

• Total land area: West Bank: 5 860 sq km, bordering Israel and Jordan; Gaza Strip: 360 sq km, bordering Egypt, and Israel and the Mediterranean



In 2007, FAO supported vulnerable farmers in the West Bank

palm date production and cottage industries. FAO and WFPhave been working together in developing food insecurity and vulnerability information systems. Furthermore, projects are

WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP

31


32

headed households. Through the introduction of aquaculture in the Gaza Strip, proposed interventions aim

Food security needs and response monitoring will be addressed through the consolidation of an information system and the collection of socio-economic data to improve programme impact. The system seeks to ensure effective coordination between humanitarian relief, agricultural assistance and multi-sectoral efforts to address the causes of food security through complementary projects and by providing information and knowledge on food insecurity characteristics and trends.



Agriculture sector coordination and food security monitoring

Objectives:To improve evidence-based and decentralized coordination and harmonize the effectiveness of interventions

Activities:

Support FAO interventions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, focusing on coordination and support services, as well as providing technical expertise to national and local authorities at the government level and local

monitoring system together with providing basic training in food security among national and international actors through decentralized courses.

Poor farmers and individuals suffering from food insecurity in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, Palestinian Authority Ministries, PCBS, donors, NGOs and UN agencies.

Implementing partners: PCBS, Palestinian Specialized Consultants.

Duration: January 2008 – December 2009.



33

agricultural interventions

Objectives:To improve the food security of farmers by increasing and diversifying agricultural production through improved irrigation and farming practices.

Activities: storage ponds; provision of palm date seedlings and fertilizer. In addition, technical assistance will be provided to farmers and extension agents in market orientated production approaches.

4 800 (including 3 300 children, 750 women and 750 farmers).

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture, farmers’ associations.


Funds requested: US$1.2 Million.

Objectives:

Activities:

introduction of aquaculture activities.

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture, NGOs, cooperatives.


Funds requested: US$1.5 million.


34

Objectives:To support livestock farmers to improve their livelihoods through emergency interventions in animal hygiene, veterinary services, health and feeding.

Activities:

Support small ruminant farmers and breeders with farm inputs, particularly animal feed, medicines and veterinary kits. Promote local feed production in order to reduce dependency on purchased inputs. Strengthen technical skills of the Ministry of Agriculture through technical expertise, particularly extension to deliver up-to-date knowledge regarding animal husbandry practices.

650 farming households.

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture, local authorities, NGOs, local community-based organizations.



Objectives:agricultural tools, awareness raising and training.

Activities:Provide women with agricultural tools, equipment and training for the processing of milk according to hygienic standards. Facilitate farmers’ access to local markets, through the creation of a network between women’s cooperatives and marketing institutions.

2 800 individuals (2 400 vulnerable household members and 400 women).

Implementing partners: Local community-based organizations.

Duration: January – December 2008 (or 12 months upon funding).



35

Gaza Strip during emergencies using quick response plans

Objectives:To ensure the restoration of agricultural production and improve resilience in the event of economic shocks and adverse climatic conditions.

Activities:

Strengthen monitoring and response capacities to sudden economic or natural shocks within the framework of risk mitigation schemes. Rehabilitate farms and provide production inputs for horticulture and livestock.

climatic events. Empower the services of the Ministry of Agriculture through tailored training.

6 500 individuals (4 500 children, 1 000 women and 1 000 farmers).

Implementing partners: NGOs, communities, farmers’ associations.


Funds requested: US$1.0 million.

Emergency support and employment generation for female-headed households

Objectives:To enable vulnerable rural households to improve their food security status, nutrition and income through backyard farming and small cottage industry.

Activities:

Assist vulnerable female-headed households by encouraging backyard food production through the provision of vegetable seedlings, fertilizer, ewes, goats and honey bee hives. Provide tools and equipment to

meats. Deliver training exercises for women on packaging, labelling, advertising, book keeping and cost-

households lacking resources.

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Women’s Affairs, NGOs, agricultural grassroots movements, women associations and cooperatives in project areas.



Objectives:agriculture and food security.

Activities:acquisition and consumption levels. Analyse food insecurity and socio-economic indicators, determinants and

basic knowledge in food security among national and international actors through decentralised courses.

Vulnerable and food insecure Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, PA Ministries, PCBS, donors, NGOs and UN agencies.

Implementing partners: PCBS, Palestinian Specialized Consultants.




36

BackgroundSince 1999, Zimbabwe has experienced an unprecedented economic

the public sector’s inability to deliver basic social services and the continued effects of the HIV and AIDS pandemic have led to increased vulnerability among urban and rural populations. Traditional safety nets, such as employment in the informal sector (street vending and open-air markets), have eroded. The humanitarian community is increasingly concerned about the deterioration of livelihoods, rising food insecurity and malnutrition and the possibility of disease outbreaks. An estimated 1.6 million orphans and vulnerable children are at greatest risk.

The country is also experiencing more frequent naturally-induced

economic hardships being suffered by much of the population are exacerbated by these crises. In addition to causing extensive crop failures, chronic dry spells are resulting in livestock deaths, which is detrimental to longer-term agricultural development as livestock production is a key livelihood activity in Zimbabwe’s communal

Challenges facing food security and livelihoods Since the start of the land reform programme in 2000, the productivity of the agriculture sector has declined sharply. Agricultural patterns in the country have shifted from developed technological systems to more subsistence farming methods. This growing dependence on external factors, such as rain, is increasing the risk of recurring food insecurities. In 2007, a combination of factors, including adverse

infrastructure, the disincentive effect of controlled producer prices and the impact of HIV and AIDS, led to a poor cereal harvest.

The FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission (CFSAM), conducted in April and May 2007, found that the decline in national food production was also due to the newly-settled farmers’ inability to utilize all the arable land allocated to them. This was a result of shortages of tractor or draught power and fertilizers, lack of secure tenure, under-investment in infrastructure and improvements, funding constraints and a lack of incentives because of price controls.

For the 2007/2008 season, the issues of availability and affordability of major agricultural inputs (such as seeds and fertilizers) are a key cause for concern. While the country should produce 35 000 tonnes of maize seed, many remote areas may be unable to source it because of poor transport infrastructure or fuel shortages. Failure to address the needs of the agriculture sector will lead to a further erosion of livelihoods and greater vulnerability to food insecurity, particularly among the rural poor.

KEY FACTS





• Total land area: 390 580 sq km, borderingMozambique, South Africa, Botswana and Zambia



• Literacy rate: male: 94.2%, female: 87.2%



In 2007, FAO distributed fertilizers and seeds and organized training in good farming practices to improve the food security of an estimated 30 000 households. Support was also provided to strengthen coordination among government agencies, NGOs and UN agencies working in the agriculture sector. Progress was also made in eradicating Newcastledisease, through training of community members to undertake

was created in Zimbabwe’s rural areas.

ZIMBABWE

37

ZIMBABWE

38

FAO’s responseIn 2008, interventions in the agriculture sector will aim to improve household food security for vulnerable populations, through increased productivity, and ensure resources are used in a cost-effective manner in order to reduce reliance on, and identify alternatives to, external food aid.

their family consumption needs and sell any surplus to generate income. Hands-on extension support will be provided to improve farming practices among smallholder farmers.

In terms of livestock support, FAO intends to work with farmers’ unions, the Livestock Production and Department of Veterinary Services and NGOs to improve the provision of dipping services for livestock in communal areas, combat foot-and-mouth disease and ensure the elimination of Newcastle disease in rural areas of Zimbabwe.

In order to strengthen local communities’ capacity to respond to the nutrition challenges posed by HIV and AIDS, FAO will seek to improve household dietary diversity through the provision of seeds, such as butternut and sugar bean. Support will also be provided to integrate nutrition education through the Healthy Harvest manual, which aims to train community workers in good nutrition and growing, preparing and processing healthy food.



Provision of basic agricultural inputs and extension support to smallholder farmers in the communal sector

Objectives:Increased productivity of smallholder farmers through competent extension, input provision and use of improved crop management practices.

Activities:

source and procure inputs in a timely manner; deliver and distribute appropriate inputs (e.g. sorghum for relatively dry areas, maize for higher rainfall areas), enabling farmers to plant one hectare; identify

extension support programme for assisted farmers; monitor the programme continuously throughout the season to both control implementation and assess impact at household level; and conduct harvest assessment for the assisted farmers.

200 000 households.

Implementing partners: Ministry of Agriculture (AREX), NGOs, Rural District Councils and farmers’ unions.

Duration: September 2007 – December 2008.


ZIMBABWE

39

Improved food security and livelihood for rural communities, through advanced land use and management practices (conservation farming)

Objectives:Improved food and livelihood security for rural households, through improved land use and management practices.

Activities:

Support communal households to become food secure and produce some cereal surplus, through appropriate inputs and extension support. The project will seek to increase yields, thus increasing food security, focusing on good management practices – timely land preparation and planting; correct spacing and plant populations; and appropriate weeding, fertilizing and plant protection. Tillage constraints will be addressed through the introduction of reduced or zero tillage and conservation agriculture.

1 000 households.

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agriculture (AREX), Zimbabwe Farmers’ Union, Zimbabwe Commercial Farmers’ Union and the Commercial Farmers’ Union.

Duration: October 2007 – October 2008.


Improved community management of cattle dip tanks and dipping service

Objectives:Establish how responsibility for dipping cattle can be transferred from the Government to farmers without

Activities:

The project’s main activities will be to implement three different options to test effectiveness and cost implications. The vaccines are locally produced and therefore do not require forex.

(i) Select one district in which dip chemical is provided by the project for a given time, until farmers are organized to take on the purchase of chemicals. Also, farmers receive assistance to organize themselves and form Livestock Development Committees and an Area Livestock District Committee, under an Animal Health Management Centre and District Livestock Development Committees. A platform is provided for negotiations between dip chemical manufacturing companies for procurement, storage and distribution of chemical and farmers bear the full cost of dip chemical clerk salaries; (ii) select a second district where the Departmentcontinues to operate as usual, but with the project providing the necessary resources (i.e. assisting with transport costs) to enable effective collection of dipping fees and the distribution of dip chemical to dip tanks. At half of the dip tanks in the district, there will be vaccinations for problem tick-borne diseases in the area and the dipping frequency reduced; and (iii) select a third district where there is no intervention and the same statistics are collected as for the two options above.

150 community dip tanks (25 000 cattle owners) in three districts.

Implementing partners:Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, communal farmers, Rural District Councils and farmers’ unions.



ZIMBABWE

40

Objectives:Enhance household food security through improved marketing opportunities and asset protection by controlling FMD in the provinces of Matebeleland North and South and Masvingo.

Activities:

Vaccine procurement; campaign and actual vaccination (two rounds) of the animals and control of buffalo-cattle contacts through repair of game fences and stricter controls on animal movements; training in surveillance, central data capture and animal movement; coordinated meetings to facilitate cross-border harmonization of FMD control activities; collection of reports and samples, guidelines, carrying out laboratory tests; and analysis and production of reports and maps.

40 000 households (250 000 animals).

Implementing partners: Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture.



General Monitoring System

Objectives:Set up a General Monitoring System that, on a monthly basis, collects and disseminates information on agricultural and food security indicators at the ward level in each of the country’s 58 districts.

Activities:Train agricultural extension workers who will collect the data; data collection on agricultural and food security indicators at the ward level in each of the country’s 58 districts; and data analysis, report writing and information dissemination to all stakeholders.

Government departments and humanitarian organizations.

Implementing partners: AREX.



Objectives:Asset protection through the Department of Veterinary Services in the control of Newcastle disease in communal areas of Zimbabwe.

Activities:

Support for production of thermostable vaccine by the Central Veterinary Laboratory; carry out mass vaccinations of chickens in all rural areas of Zimbabwe, through the existing community-based vaccinators

awareness raising, through literature production and distribution, radio and TV programmes and community meetings; and monitoring and evaluation carried out during and after vaccination.

900 000 rural households (11 million birds).

Implementing partners:Department of Veterinary Field Services, Department of Veterinary Technical Services, Ministry of Agriculture,NGOs.



Improving dietary diversity for HIV-affected rural households

Objectives:

Increased access to nutritious foods rich in energy, protein and vitamin A and improved dietary practices;

nutritious complementary foods; generation of income through sale of garden produce; and increased HIVand nutrition knowledge for improved food and nutrition security.

Activities:Selected communities in Chiredzi and Chipinge districts will learn to grow, harvest, prepare and preserve these crops using the Health Harvest manual.

1 500 people (200 children, 800 women and 500 men).

Implementing partners:Ministry of Agriculture – AREX, District Food and Management teams, Ministry of Health and Child Welfare,Plan International and World Vision.



ZIMBABWE

41

The FAO Component of the 2008 Consolidated AppealsProtecting and rebuilding livelihoods in crisis-affected countries

TC/D/A1491E/1/11.07/1000

Documents

The FAO Component of the 2008 Consolidated Appeals · The FAO Component of the 2008 Consolidated Appeals published by Emergency Operations and Rehabilitation Division Food and Agriculture