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The Fabric of Network: Ethernet
By: Mujtaba Faraz Baig Mirza
OBJECTIVE
Introduction to Ethernet
Evolution of Ethernet
Introduction to CSMA/CD
Methods of Communication
A brief explanation of Ethernet addressing
A view of network cards
Understanding Ethernet cabling
The two types of Ethernet cables
The term Ethernet refers to a family of standards that together define the physical and data-link layers of the worlds most popular type of LAN
Initially the company Xerox created the original Ethernet standard, later on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has defined many Ethernet standards since it took over the LAN standardization process in early 1980s
Introduction to Ethernet
Ethernet refers to the bottom two layers of the OSI model i.e. Layer1 & Layer2
At the data link layer Ethernet is further divided into two sub layers:
1) Media access control (MAC) layer
2)Logical Link Control (LLC) layer
Methods of Communication
Unicast : One to one
Broadcast : One to All
Multicast : One to Many
Ethernet Addressing
IEEE calls it as MAC addressing
Each address is 6 bytes long (48 bits) written in hex decimal format with periods separating each set of 4 hex digits
Ex: 0000.0c12.6589
To ensure a unique MAC address , IEEE assigns an unique code to the manufacturer of the Ethernet cards ,this code is known as Organizational unique Identifier (OUI).
The OUI is the first half (24 bits) of the MAC address. The second half is a number that is never assigned by the manufacturer to any other card.
A view of Network Cards
Ethernet CablesTelecommunication Industry Association (TIA) and Electronics Industry
Alliance (EIA)defines standards for UTP cables like color coding on the cable
Two Types of Ethernet Cables
Ethernet Connection Rules