The expenses are The expenses are damnabledamnable

Viktor Mazurets

Dong Thach

It is not easy to be a male. It is not easy to be a male. Spatially if you have to make Spatially if you have to make sperm twenty times longer sperm twenty times longer then you are. Or produce then you are. Or produce

billions and billions of sperm billions and billions of sperm in every ejaculate. Or in every ejaculate. Or

copulate a hundreds times a copulate a hundreds times a day to satisfy your partner. Or day to satisfy your partner. Or

perform some other feat or perform some other feat or prodigious sexual prowessprodigious sexual prowess

It is not easy to be a maleIt is not easy to be a male

Size & shape of sperm Size & shape of sperm

Sperm countSperm count

Number of copulationsNumber of copulations

Sexual prowessSexual prowess

Sperm CountSperm Count

Why does male need billion and Why does male need billion and billion of sperm?billion of sperm?

– The goal is to fertilize egg.The goal is to fertilize egg.– The measuring hostility of The measuring hostility of

female’s reproductive tract.female’s reproductive tract.– More sperm more chances.More sperm more chances.

Sperm Sperm CountCount

Human reproductive tract

Sperm CountSperm Count•The more sperm a male had, the better chances he will fertilized a female’s egg

•High sperm count compare to low sperm count

Splendid fairy wren

Sperm size and shape.Sperm size and shape.

Longer sperm, bigger Longer sperm, bigger sperm.sperm.

Variety in shape.Variety in shape.

Drosophila bifurca (fruit fly)

Drosophila hydei

Sperm size and shape.Sperm size and shape.

Drosophila melanogaster (fruit

fly)

Sperm size and shape.Sperm size and shape.

the world's longest sperm belongs to the fruit fly Drosophila bifurca. it is 20 times longer than its own body and 10,000 times longer than a human sperm.

(a) A male fly with one testis (unraveled) from an individual of the same size. (b) The male's reproductive system (a). (c) A close-up of a sperm store showing the individual sperm rolled up like balls of string waiting to be ejaculated. (d) A single, partially unraveled sperm, 58mm longer than many times the length of its owner.

The longest sperm in the world are made by a tiny fruit fly.

Sperm size and shape.Sperm size and shape.

Sperm size and shape.Sperm size and shape.

A giant sperm

A long sperm

Honey Queen Bee

ConclusionConclusion Sperm competitionSperm competition Passing on the genesPassing on the genes

Drosophila melanogaster

Limited number of copulationsLimited number of copulations

Sponge Sea urchins

In a sea

The reasons why we think that sperm The reasons why we think that sperm is unlimitedis unlimited

•Rely on current

Land plants

•Lend plants rely on pollinator or wind

On the land

The reasons why we think that sperm The reasons why we think that sperm is unlimitedis unlimited

Jack-in-the-pulpit produces ten times more seeds if

pollinated by scientists

Lemon Tetra

Bluehead

The truths about sperm availabilityThe truths about sperm availability

•In some sp. Male are not able to fertilize all eggs in one time

Garter

Rest for 24 hours

Zebra finch

Fife days to refill

Blue Crab

Fifteen day

Adder

Loses a lot of weight

Cost of sperm production

SlugSea slug

Caenorhabditis elegans

Hermaphrodite sp.Hermaphrodite sp.

Number of copulationsNumber of copulations

Lion

157 Copulatiuns in 55 hours

Number of copulationsNumber of copulations

CatRabbits

Female do not release egg unless she was stimulated “appropriately”.

Feret

Golden hamster

Rat

Crested tits

Giant water bug

More than hundred copulations in thirty-six hours

Sex for foodSex for food

Long-tailed fly Pisaura mirabilis

Utetheisa ornatrixMormon crickets

Sex for foodSex for food

References References http://http://piskaczu2.webpark.pl/zdjecia10.htmlpiskaczu2.webpark.pl/zdjecia10.htmlhttp://www.thebuzzingbee.com/COMINGSOON.htmhttp://www.thebuzzingbee.com/COMINGSOON.htmhttp://www.pixelpot.com/Antigua/Wrasse.htmhttp://www.pixelpot.com/Antigua/Wrasse.htmhttp://www.naturaltapestries.com/Michaelgallery/animals/images/Garter%20Snake.jpghttp://www.naturaltapestries.com/Michaelgallery/animals/images/Garter%20Snake.jpghttp://www.fisheries.vims.edu/femap/images/fish%20images/bluecrab.jpghttp://www.fisheries.vims.edu/femap/images/fish%20images/bluecrab.jpghttp://www.bergoiata.org/fe/Canadian-rockies/canadian_rockies_csg023_bighorn_ram.jpghttp://www.bergoiata.org/fe/Canadian-rockies/canadian_rockies_csg023_bighorn_ram.jpghttp://homepage.powerup.com.au/~adder/adderpics/pilburra_adder,_monitor_magazine.jpghttp://homepage.powerup.com.au/~adder/adderpics/pilburra_adder,_monitor_magazine.jpghttp://www.walnet.org/stanley_woods/slugz/bananaslug-01.2.jpghttp://www.walnet.org/stanley_woods/slugz/bananaslug-01.2.jpghttp://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbtdag/Images/worm.jpghttp://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucbtdag/Images/worm.jpghttp://4m1r.com/mt/archives/sea_slug-thumb.jpghttp://4m1r.com/mt/archives/sea_slug-thumb.jpghttp://www.diver.net/ross/2day/sea_hare.jpghttp://www.diver.net/ross/2day/sea_hare.jpghttp://www.highlyvisual.com/Gallery/Wildlife/images/lion%20couple.jpghttp://www.highlyvisual.com/Gallery/Wildlife/images/lion%20couple.jpghttp://www.danbalsam.com/travel/kenya/lions/Lion_Sleepy2.jpghttp://www.danbalsam.com/travel/kenya/lions/Lion_Sleepy2.jpghttp://www.cleanfunny.com/i/s/cat-washing-bath-orange.jpghttp://www.cleanfunny.com/i/s/cat-washing-bath-orange.jpghttp://www.thehumorsource.com/pictures/249.jpghttp://www.thehumorsource.com/pictures/249.jpghttp://www.naute.com/pictures/rabbittiger.phtmlhttp://www.naute.com/pictures/rabbittiger.phtmlhttp://www.cirrusimage.com/Flies/long-legged_fly_2.jpghttp://www.cirrusimage.com/Flies/long-legged_fly_2.jpghttp://www.bergoiata.org/fe/felins/African%20Male%20Lion,%20Kenya.jpghttp://www.bergoiata.org/fe/felins/African%20Male%20Lion,%20Kenya.jpghttp://www.randomdesign.org/artistry/night.htmhttp://www.randomdesign.org/artistry/night.htmhttp://fishpondinfo.com/giantwaterbug.jpghttp://fishpondinfo.com/giantwaterbug.jpghttp://www.russadir.net/fondos/imagepages/image46.htmhttp://www.russadir.net/fondos/imagepages/image46.htmhttp://bugguide.net/images/cache/http://bugguide.net/images/cache/

5QO02QC0UQUKIKEKQKTKKKUKHKNKRKO08QA0UQCK7KOK7K1K4KHS6QD05QV0KKD5QO02QC0UQUKIKEKQKTKKKUKHKNKRKO08QA0UQCK7KOK7K1K4KHS6QD05QV0KKD0QD0AQZSAQOKAQTKQKB0PQ.jpg0QD0AQZSAQOKAQTKQKB0PQ.jpg

http://bugguide.net/images/cache/http://bugguide.net/images/cache/BQ30NQJ0PQVKSK9KRKAKHKUK4QB0LK9KZKEK4QT0GQC0AQD0BQHS5KAKUQ30NQVBQ30NQJ0PQVKSK9KRKAKHKUK4QB0LK9KZKEK4QT0GQC0AQD0BQHS5KAKUQ30NQV0QK6KXK1KGKOK8KRS5KHSIK.jpg0QK6KXK1KGKOK8KRS5KHSIK.jpg

http://www.6thinternational.org/P_mirabilis.JPGhttp://www.6thinternational.org/P_mirabilis.JPGhttp://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/figs/moths/Arctiidae/T_ornatrix.jpghttp://nitro.biosci.arizona.edu/zeeb/butterflies/figs/moths/Arctiidae/T_ornatrix.jpg

The end