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RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
A mission to Jupiter - EEE Component R&D Activities for the
European Space Agency JUICE spacecraft.
Ali Zadeh, Petteri Nieminen, Robert Furnell, Christian poivey, Marc poizat, Veronique Ferlet-Cavrois, Cesar Boatella-Polo, Yuriy Butenko, Silvia Massetti
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
• To achieve the scientific goals of ESA’s challenging Cosmic Vision
missions, prior to their selection a comprehensive set of R&D
activities are carried out.
• Dedicated R&D activities are identified and executed to :
• Identify mission feasibility
• Ensure availability of mature technologies at the right stages
of a missions development phase.
• Depending on mission requirements, technology development is
carried out for individual missions or for multiple missions.
• Technology development may relate to any of a mission’s ground or
space based system, simulation tool, facility, process, individual EEE
components, materials, etc.
Realising Future ESA Science Missions
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Feasibility of flying EEE Components on the JUICE Mission
• The feasibility of flying key EEE component technologies in the harsh Jupiter radiation environment was investigated in the early phases of the JUICE selection process. • It was considered that available digital technology in the
form of the ESA developed DARE+ was already compliant with the JUICE radiation environment requirements.
• However, additional effort to identify the feasibility of flying analogue, mixed signal, photonics and other sensitive technologies had to be established.
• The validity of certain well known Radiation Hardness Assurance requirements was also being questioned when considering the harsh Jupiter radiation environment.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Radiation Hardness Assurance Related Activities for the JUICE Mission (2)
• A number of EEE Component and RHA related activities were proposed and selected in support of the JUICE mission.
• Technology Characterisation
• Radiation Hard Memory • Survey of critical components for 150Krad power systems • TID characterisation of power-up behaviour for FPGAs • Radiation Evaluation of Digital Isolators • Radiation characterisation of front-end readout ASIC and RT
analogue / mixed signal technology • Radiation characterisation of Laplace/Tandem critical RH
optocouplers, sensors and detectors • Survey of total ionising dose tolerance of power bipolar
transistors and Silicon Carbide devices for JUICE
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Radiation Hardness Assurance Related Activities for the JUICE Mission (2)
• A number of EEE Component and RHA related activities were proposed and selected in support of the JUICE mission.
• Radiation Hardness Assurance validation. • Verification of 60Co TID testing
representativeness for EEE components flown in the Jupiter electron environment
• Validation of ``non-ionising energy loss (NIEL)`` for high energy (>1MeV) electrons in Silicon
• Total Ionizing Dose influence on the single event effect sensitivity of active EEE components
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
JUICE R&D activities overview (1)
Radiation characterisation of RT analogue /
mixed signal technology Scalable Sensor Data Processor
GaN MMIC based solid state amplifier for X band
for long range high capacity communication
Radiation hard memory Scalable Sensor Data Processor Flight Model
Development
Development of a Terahertz Local Oscillator for
Space Science Heterodyne Applications
Radiation Tolerant analogue / mixed signal
technology survey and test vehicle design
Solar cell LILT design optimisation and
characterisation
Terahertz receiver technology for future Science
missions
Front-end readout ASIC technology study and
development test vehicles for front-end readout
ASICS
Solar cell LILT design optimisation and
characterisation
Pyrotechnic Valve Lifetime Extension
Qualification
Survey of critical components for 150krad
power system design including delta radiation
characterisation of RH power EEE components
Pre-qualification of integrated LILT solar cells Qualification of shielding applied to structural
panel for JUICE
Radiation characterisation of Laplace critical RH
optocouplers, sensors and detectors
Jovian Rad-Hard Electron Monitor Proto-Flight
Model Qualification of MAG boom for JUICE
Characterisation of radiation resistant materials
- Phase 1 JUICE Radiation Monitor Sensor Readout ASIC Validation of radiation resistant materials
Materials Charging effects under extreme
environments (ultra-low temperatures and high
radiation fields)
Evaluation of star tracker performance in high
radiation environment
Radiation testing of memories for the JUICE
mission (HB)
Radiation evaluation of digital isolators Radiation hardened star tracker for JUICE
Assessment of performance degradation of solar
cells during the JUICE mission due to primary
discharges
Verification of 60Co TID testing
representativeness for EEE components flown in
the Jupiter electron environment
Design of a Vision-Based navigation camera for
JUICE
Latch up protection for COTS (Commercial, off-
the-shelf) digital components
Total Ionizing Dose influence on the SEE
sensitivity of active EEE components
Design of a Vision-Based navigation camera for
JUICE
Radiation Effects on Sensors and Technologies
for Cosmic Vision SCI Missions (REST-SIM)
Low mass SpaceWire Closed-loop attitude guidance on-board
approach for JUICE REST-SIM - CCN GREET
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
JUICE R&D activities overview (2)
DAREplus (Design Against Radiation Effects) ASICs for
extremely rad hard & harsh environments
150 krad power converter/system design and prototyping
Computational tools for spacecraft electrostatic cleanliness and payload analysis Validation of "effective NIEL" for Silicon for high energy (>1MeV) electrons
Meteoroid Environment Model for the Jovian System Risk assessment of SEE events due to high energy electrons during the JUICE mission
Collaborative iterative radiation shielding optimisation system (CIRSOS) Survey of total ionising dose tolerance of power bipolar transistors and Silicon Carbide
devices for JUICE
Charging tools for the JUICE mission Innovative autonomous navigation techniques
AC Magnetic Field Verification Methods TID Characterisation of Power-up Behaviour for FPGAs
Development of a ground tropospheric media calibration system for accurate
ranging of space science missions RIME antenna Boom Development for Juice mission
High Power X-band Uplink for Deep Space Missions Juice SADM preliminary design and breadboard
JOREM Jupiter Radiation Environment and Effects tools DPU Common Interface (Cobham Gaisler)
Demonstration of the deployment of a highly integrated low power ice
penetrating radar antenna Main Engine Delta Qual
High Radiation Tolerant Low Intensity Low Temperature GaAs Solar Cells Charging properties of new materials
Radiation characterisation of front-end readout ASIC
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Radiation Testing of Memories for the JUICE mission
Véronique Ferlet-Cavrois The Contract was awarded to Airbus DS and IDA (Germany)
Contact for information: [email protected]
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Radiation Testing of Memories for the JUICE mission (1)
• The purpose of this activity was to identify memory devices appropriate for the JUICE mission.
• The activity is completed. However, observations made resulted in the initiation of follow-on activities.
• Part selection based on JUICE requirements of large capacity memory devices.
• A market investigation was performed to identify candidate memory types.
• Memories were tested up to the JUICE TID requirements. However, SEE testing was also performed to ensure comprehensive irradiation characterisation of selected devices.
• SEE testing were performed employing heavy ion and proton facilities.
• Two memory families were selected DDR and non-volatile.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Manufacturers DUTs Capacity Feature size
Micron (US) MT41J256M8HX-15E:D 2 Gbit 50 nm
Micron (US) MT41J512M8RH-093:E 4 Gbit 30 nm
Elpida (JPN) EDJ4208BASE-DJ-F 4 Gbit 4x nm
Hynix (K) H5TQ2G83BFR-H9CR 2 Gbit ? nm
Hynix (K) H5TQ4G83NFR-H9CR 4 Gbit 44 nm
Samsung (K) K4B2G0846B-HCH9 2 Gbit 56 nm
Samsung (K) K4B2G0846D-HCH9 2 Gbit 35 nm
Samsung (K) K4B4G0846B-HCH9 4 Gbit 35 nm
Nanya (Taïwan) NT5CB256M8BN-CG 2 Gbit 50 nm
Nanya (Taïwan) NT5CB256M8GN-CG 2 Gbit 42 nm
Nanya (Taïwan) NT5CB512M8CN-EK 4 Gbit 3x nm
NAND-Flash (SLC) Manufacturers DUTs Capacity Feature size
Samsung (K) MT29F16G08ABACAWP-IT:C 4x8 Gbit 51 nm
Micron (US) MT29F16G08ABACAWP-IT:C 16 Gbit 25 nm
Micron (US) MT29F32G08ABAA.AWP-IT:A 32 Gbit 25 nm
DDR3 SDRAM
Radiation Testing of Memories for the JUICE mission (2)
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Radiation Testing of Memories for the JUICE mission (3)
• A large number of components were tested. • Test set-up were often complicated to identify and
characterise the numerous error modes detected. • All devices had to be de-capsulated for heavy ion tests.
Pin 1y
x
(short package axis)
(long package axis)
State Machine, HV Pulser
Memory Array
Samsung 4x8-Gbit
• The error modes investigated covered:
• Single Event Upset • Multiple Bit Upset • Stuck Bits • Single Event Functional Error • Single Event Latchup • Annealing effects on SEEs • Electrical parameter measurements
following TID measurements
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
1. Tolerance dose:
a. State-of-the-art NAND Flash: ≈ 30 krad
b. State-of-the-art DDR3 SDRAM: ≈ 400 krad (Hynix)
2. Both types suffer from SEE error mechanisms with data loss:
a. NAND Flash: destructive failure (DF)
b. DDR3 SDRAM: device SEFI
3. Both types are latch-up free
4. Parts with good test coverage:
a. NAND Flash: 16-Gbit Micron, no other parts procurable
b. DDR3 SDRAM: 4-Gbit Hynix, other parts have
substantial errors
Radiation Testing of Memories for the JUICE mission (4)
The operating conditions of the devices were important for their radiation sensitivity. The operation of the devices therefore has to be selected for optimal system performance as well as best radiation resistance.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Survey of Critical Components for 150kRad Power Components
Christian Poivey (ESA) The activity was awarded to Alter Technology, TÜV Nord (Spain)
Contact for information: [email protected]
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Survey of Critical Components for 150krad Power Systems (1)
• The purpose of this activity was to identify whether typical analogue EEE components employed in power systems irradiated beyond their specified radiation sensitivity limits could be used to develop a functional power system that still met the mission requirements.
• Characterize selected part types to the combined effects of TID up to 400Krad(Si) (was initially 150krad(Si) and extended to 400Krad(Si)) and TNID up to a 60 MeV protons with a fluence of 2*1011 #/cm2
• The results from this activity was utilised in a subsequent JUICE related activity to design a 150 to 400krad(Si) tolerant power system.
• Components for this activity were selected in collaboration with ESA’s power system division.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Survey of Critical Components for 150krad Power Systems (2)
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Survey of Critical Components for 150krad Power Systems (3)
• TID characterisation was carried out on 11 samples with one sample assigned as a reference device.
• Due to the large number of devices tested and the number of test conditions only 3 samples per irradiation test condition was utilised. 3 samples is the minimum number of samples to achieve statistically significant results.
• The irradiation test conditions were: • TID biased on • TID biased off • Proton + TID biased on • Proton + TID biased off
• All samples were irradiation tested at the following dose rates: • 36rad(Si)/h up to 100krad(Si) • 100rad(Si)/h up to 150krad(Si) • 300rad(Si)/h up to 400krad(Si)
• The total irradiation time was approximately 172 days not counting time required for intermediate electrical parameter measurements.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Survey of Critical Components for 150krad Power Systems (4)
• A large amount of data was obtained following all irradiation test campaigns and analysed
• In general the following results were obtained • Some components (even though radiation hard parts)
illustrated out of specification results below 100krad(Si) levels.
• Parameter were out of spec below 100 krad(Si) both for non proton irradiated and proton irradiated devices.
• Parameter were out of spec below 100 krad(Si) both for biased and non-biased devices.
• Even though some parameters were out of spec, no functional failures were observed for any devices up to 400krad(Si).
• The results from this activity was used in another ESA activity for the development of a power system.
• All irradiation test results from this activity publicly available.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment
Christian Poivey (ESA) The activity was awarded to LIP (Portugal)
Contact for information: [email protected]
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment (1)
• Traditionally 60Co irradiation testing is performed on EEE components to characterise their TID performance.
• 60Co irradiation testing has empirically been proven to represent a worst case test condition with respect to the radiation environment experienced by spacecraft in the Earth, near Earth and interplanetary environment.
Electric Field (MV/cm)
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0.0
0.2
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Co-60
10-keV x-ray
700-keV protons
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After F. B. McLean and T. R. Oldham, HDL Technical Report, No. HDL-
TR-2129 (1987) and M. R. Shaneyfelt, et al., (1991)
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment (2)
• The majority of the Total Ionising Dose received by the EEE components on the JUICE spacecraft is from the Jupiter electron environment.
• Considering the high energy of this electron environment it is important to know whether 60Co TID testing shall still be utilised to perform TID irradiation characterisation of EEE Components for the JUICE mission.
• Recent publications indicate that 60Co irradiation testing may underestimate TID irradiation testing of EEE Components.
From: Megan C. Casey et.al. “A Comparison of High-Energy Electron and Cobalt-60 γ-Ray Radiation Testing”
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment (3)
• In this activity devices from different Si technologies are selected for irradiation testing
• Irradiation testing is performed utilising high energy electrons and 60Co gammas (high and low dose rate). • Electron 12MeV at ~6.7rad/s. HSM (Portugal) • Electron >10MeV at RADEF (Finland). • 60Co gamma at ~6.7rad/s. CTN (Portugal) • 60Co gamma at ~0.08rad/s. ESTEC (The Netherlands)
• Identical components are utilised in all irradiation tests. • The results of the activity will be employed to define
whether 60Co testing is still a valid test method for the JUICE radiation environment or whether irradiation characterisation shall be performed employing electrons.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
For the LM124, the data indicates increased electron irradiation induced parameter degradation compared to 60Co tests.
Electron and 60Co irradiation characterisation of the LM124 Op Amp.
Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment (4)
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
In general results indicate no major difference between high energy electron and gamma TID irradiation tests.
Electron and 60Co irradiation characterisation of the 2n2222, STRH100N10 and LM4050
Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment (5)
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Verification of 60Co Representativeness for EEE Components Flown in the Jupiter Electron Environment (6)
• A number of components were tested at high energy electron and 60Co gamma facilities.
• Irradiation tests were performed at high and low dose rates.
• Preliminary results indicate a slight increase in radiation induced parameter drift due to electrons for one component type.
• Preliminary results show limited difference between electron and 60Co gamma induced parameters drift, in most cases.
• If the final data analyisis confirms the above results, no additional EEE Component electron irradiation test may be necessary for the JUICE project.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
Conclusions
ESA science missions have stringent science requirements and
associated ESA spacecraft often operate in a harsh environment.
To achieve the stringent mission science goals while operating in the
harsh space environment new technologies often have to be
developed and qualified.
A large number of JUICE R&D activities have been initiated to assess
the feasibility of the mission and develop enabling technologies.
The EEE component related activities are still ongoing but the
availability of appropriate key EEE components has been established
for the JUICE mission.
Work is still ongoing to establish the validity of some RHA related
issues.
RADECS 2016, Bremen, Germany 19 September 2016
For more information:
• For more information please contact:
• Ali Zadeh: [email protected]
• For irradiation test data please visit:
• https://escies.org