The European Manuscript & Hand Press Book Heritage

The role of the Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL)

Manuscript Collection in the National and University Library, Croatia

Dubrovnik, 31st May 2007

IFLA’s standards regarding special IFLA’s standards regarding special collectionscollections

older monographic publications (antiquarian) - ISBD (A)older monographic publications (antiquarian) - ISBD (A)cartographic material (manuscript as well as printed cartographic material (manuscript as well as printed material) – ISBD (CM)material) – ISBD (CM)printed music publication – ISBD (PM)printed music publication – ISBD (PM)non book materials (manuscripts are not mentioned non book materials (manuscripts are not mentioned although they are not explicitely excluded) – ISBD (NBM)although they are not explicitely excluded) – ISBD (NBM)there is no special and particular standard for manuscript there is no special and particular standard for manuscript description (ISBD (A) + ISAD (G) within the IFLA’s UBC description (ISBD (A) + ISAD (G) within the IFLA’s UBC program program

MANUSCRIPTMANUSCRIPT

a writing made by hand (including musical a writing made by hand (including musical scores), typescripts, and inscriptions on scores), typescripts, and inscriptions on clay tablets, stone etc. (AACR)clay tablets, stone etc. (AACR)

a handwritten document; an unpublished a handwritten document; an unpublished document; an author's draft of a book, document; an author's draft of a book, article, or other work submitted for article, or other work submitted for publication publication http://www.archivists.org/glossaryhttp://www.archivists.org/glossary

ITEM

MANIFESTATION

EXPRESSION

WORK

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic RecordsFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

(Explanation of the previous scheme)(Explanation of the previous scheme)

- - work is realized through expression, expression is embodied in work is realized through expression, expression is embodied in manifestation, manifestation is exemplified by item, or (from the reverse manifestation, manifestation is exemplified by item, or (from the reverse direction): expression is a realization of a work, manifestation is the direction): expression is a realization of a work, manifestation is the embodiement of an expression, item is a single exemplar of a embodiement of an expression, item is a single exemplar of a manifestationmanifestation

- citation: “It should be noted that although the relationship between - citation: “It should be noted that although the relationship between workwork, , expressionexpression, , manifestationmanifestation, and , and itemitem are depicted in the entity- are depicted in the entity-relationship diagram in a segmented way, they operate logically as a relationship diagram in a segmented way, they operate logically as a continuous chain. That is to say that the relationship from continuous chain. That is to say that the relationship from workwork to to expressionexpression carries through to the relationship from carries through to the relationship from expressionexpression to to manifestationmanifestation, and those two relationships subsequently carry through , and those two relationships subsequently carry through to the relationship from to the relationship from manifestationmanifestation to to itemitem.” (page 60) .” (page 60)

Further explanationFurther explanation

according to FRBR schema manuscript is manifestation according to FRBR schema manuscript is manifestation of a work, that is to say: “As an entity, of a work, that is to say: “As an entity, manifestationmanifestation represents represents all the physical objects that bear the same all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical formphysical form” (page 20)” (page 20)

placing manuscripts within the schema included in the placing manuscripts within the schema included in the study study Functional Requirements for Bibliographic RecordsFunctional Requirements for Bibliographic Records determines their status in the MARC format; then the determines their status in the MARC format; then the relations between the entities influence the creation of relations between the entities influence the creation of the record(s) and the relationships between single the record(s) and the relationships between single recordsrecords

UNIMARC, MARC21UNIMARC, MARC21

MARC 21 in comparison with UNIMARC MARC 21 in comparison with UNIMARC enables us to code different levels of enables us to code different levels of archival description (collection level, archival description (collection level, subunit level, even a single piece of item – subunit level, even a single piece of item – one letter, e. g.) and to make particular one letter, e. g.) and to make particular record for every level; connection between record for every level; connection between hierarchical levels is not necessary hierarchical levels is not necessary

Manuscript cataloguingManuscript cataloguing

elements of description common to all elements of description common to all types of manuscripts: types of manuscripts: headingheading, , titletitle, , notes, notes, content descriptioncontent description

Manuscript descriptionManuscript description

Elements of Elements of descriptiondescription ISBDISBD

MARC 21MARC 21

headingheading 100100

titletitle

Title and Title and statement of statement of responsibility arearesponsibility area

Fields 20x-24xFields 20x-24x

------------------------------

Publication, Publication, distribution etc. distribution etc. areaarea

Field 260Field 260

notesnotes Physical Physical description area + description area + Note areaNote area

Fields 3xxFields 3xx

Fields 5xxFields 5xx

Manuscripts and Rare Books Collection Manuscripts and Rare Books Collection (National and University Library of Zagreb)(National and University Library of Zagreb)

specific and diversified within itselfspecific and diversified within itselfthree scripts of Croatian literacy throughout three scripts of Croatian literacy throughout centuries (Glagolitic, Cyrillic, Latin script) centuries (Glagolitic, Cyrillic, Latin script) including other scripts such as Arabian and including other scripts such as Arabian and HebrewHebrewlanguages: Croatian (with its three dialects: languages: Croatian (with its three dialects: čakavian, kajkavian, štokavian), Latin, čakavian, kajkavian, štokavian), Latin, Hungarian, German etc. Hungarian, German etc. includes includes codicescodices as well as of prominent as well as of prominent persons’ persons’ legacieslegacies and archives of important and archives of important institutions, institutions, whole single manuscriptswhole single manuscripts as well as well as as fragmentsfragments

How to find out the proper system and unique How to find out the proper system and unique algorithm for the description?algorithm for the description?

to dispose of different tools for different to dispose of different tools for different materials (to describe one single materials (to describe one single manuscript is not the same as to describe manuscript is not the same as to describe manuscript or archival collection)manuscript or archival collection)

to develop one specialized and specific to develop one specialized and specific system that would be appropriate only for system that would be appropriate only for manuscript description (Czech experience manuscript description (Czech experience with MASTER which is based on XML) with MASTER which is based on XML)

Archival and bibliographic Archival and bibliographic descriptiondescription

archival description and bibliographic descriptionarchival description and bibliographic description

both require the same elements (author both require the same elements (author (creator), title, dates, extent and contents) but (creator), title, dates, extent and contents) but those elements are not organized in the same those elements are not organized in the same way; in the archival description as well as in the way; in the archival description as well as in the manuscript description [which is not based on a manuscript description [which is not based on a title page] we are sometimes obliged and forced title page] we are sometimes obliged and forced to supply additional information which can be to supply additional information which can be found outside of the fond or collection being found outside of the fond or collection being describeddescribed

MARC and XMLMARC and XML

MARC: data contents standard: physical MARC: data contents standard: physical description on summary level, there are no fields description on summary level, there are no fields specialized for manuscript content descriptionspecialized for manuscript content description

XML: data structure standard, capable to XML: data structure standard, capable to distinguish between different data types (datable distinguish between different data types (datable elements, phrase level elements etc.), it consists elements, phrase level elements etc.), it consists of elements; elements contain their attributes - of elements; elements contain their attributes - elements can contain other elements; XML elements can contain other elements; XML enables both: content and physical description enables both: content and physical description of the manuscriptof the manuscript

One example of the XML recordOne example of the XML record

Possible solution?Possible solution?

- - useful direction of thinking: to create useful direction of thinking: to create MARC records according to the study MARC records according to the study Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Record Record AACR AACR

http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functionalanhttp://www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functionalanalysis/source/table1notes.pdfalysis/source/table1notes.pdf

- to prefer XML to MARC format (it is - to prefer XML to MARC format (it is possible to convert MARC to XML)possible to convert MARC to XML)