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The ESRA-project:
Synthesis of the main findings from the 1st ESRA survey in 25 countries
Brussels, 2017
Uta Meesmann, Katrien Torfs, Wouter Van den Berghe
Belgian Road Safety Institute
What is ?
1
2
Inspired by SARTRE4, national measurements and
AAAFTS survey (USA)
25 countries Online panel survey
1) national info on opinions, behaviour & attitudes with respect to road traffic risks2) comparable data across countries
Scientific support for RS policy
ESRA1 core group
BRSI (BE) coordinatorKFV (AT), NTUA (EL), CTL (IT), ITS (PL), PRP (PT), BFU (CH)
Online
internet access panel
Organized by
(members of ESOMAR)
3
Methodology ESRA 2015 + 2016
Common
questionnaire
English + 29 translations
32 Qs
(= 222 variables)600+
N = 1,000+
25
Total sample
almost 27,000
Self-declared (un)safe traffic behaviour (31)
Subjective safety & risk perception (28)
Acceptability of unsafe traffic behaviour (36)
Enforcement & support for policy measures (34)
Attitudes towards road safety (28)
Behaviour of other road users (18)
Involvement in road crashes (15)
4
Main topics & themes
# of variables per topic indicated between brackets
Key results ESRA 2015/2016
2• Self-declared (un)safe traffic behaviour
• Subjective safety & risk perception
• Acceptability of unsafe traffic behaviour
• Attitudes towards road safety
• Support for policy measures
• Enforcement
6
Self-declared (un)safe traffic behaviour (ESRA25)
% at least once in past 12 months
% (almost) always
past 12 months
59%
63%
67%
79%
81%
73%
71%
65%
60%
53%
43%
39%
31%
30%
26%
14%
0% 50% 100%
seat belt - passenger back
CRS < 150cm
CRS > 150cm
seat belt - driver
seat belt - passenger front
speeding - motorways
speeding - outside built-up…
speeding - built-up areas
realise drowsy driving
hands-free phone
hand-held phone
read text message / e-mail
type text message / e-mail
DUI alcohol
DUI medication
DUI drugs
7
Self-declared driving under influence (by country)% of at least once during the last 12 months
Alcohol Illegal Drugs
43%
41%
38%
35%
34%
34%
32%
32%
31%
30%
30%
30%
30%
30%
29%
29%
28%
28%
26%
20%
18%
18%
13%
13%
12%
11%
11%
0% 30% 60%
BE
FR
CH
ES
PT
IT
US
DK
AU
DE
AT
E20
ESRA25
SI
NL
EL
CA
UK
KR
IE
FI
IL
SE
NO
PL
CZ
HU
Medication
34%
32%
29%
28%
26%
24%
23%
22%
22%
22%
22%
21%
21%
20%
19%
19%
19%
18%
18%
18%
17%
16%
16%
16%
15%
12%
7%
0% 30% 60%
US
FR
AU
KR
ESRA25
ES
CH
UK
DE
NL
E20
CA
AT
FI
PT
NO
BE
IE
PL
EL
IL
SI
CZ
SE
IT
DK
HU
24%
19%
17%
16%
14%
14%
13%
12%
11%
10%
10%
10%
10%
10%
9%
9%
8%
8%
7%
7%
7%
6%
5%
4%
3%
3%
3%
0% 30% 60%
KR
US
AU
FR
CA
ESRA25
UK
ES
E20
DE
CH
EL
IE
PL
SI
SE
NO
IL
IT
AT
NL
DK
PT
CZ
HU
BE
FI
8
Self-declared distracted driving (by country)% of at least once during the last 12 months
hands-free hand-held read send
83%
74%
66%
63%
63%
62%
60%
56%
55%
55%
53%
52%
52%
52%
51%
51%
51%
50%
50%
47%
47%
45%
45%
41%
39%
39%
37%
0% 50% 100%
IL
IT
KR
AT
NO
EL
PT
ES
US
PL
ESRA25
SI
HU
FI
DK
E20
DE
CH
SE
AU
IE
NL
CA
BE
UK
CZ
FR
73%
62%
61%
60%
60%
55%
51%
50%
48%
47%
46%
43%
42%
42%
41%
39%
38%
35%
35%
35%
31%
30%
28%
28%
25%
24%
22%
0% 50% 100%
FI
SE
EL
KR
SI
IT
NO
US
PL
AT
PT
IL
ESRA25
DK
CZ
HU
E20
DE
CH
ES
FR
IE
BE
AU
CA
NL
UK
61%
56%
54%
49%
46%
45%
45%
44%
44%
42%
39%
39%
37%
37%
36%
36%
36%
36%
36%
33%
33%
32%
32%
32%
29%
27%
22%
0% 50% 100%
KR
FI
IL
IT
NO
SE
EL
PT
DK
US
FR
ESRA25
BE
CZ
E20
CH
IE
AT
ES
SI
NL
DE
AU
PL
CA
UK
HU
50%
44%
41%
37%
35%
35%
33%
32%
31%
30%
30%
29%
28%
27%
27%
27%
27%
27%
27%
27%
26%
26%
25%
25%
24%
21%
15%
0% 50% 100%
KR
IL
FI
NO
DK
US
IT
SE
ESRA25
FR
EL
CH
AT
PT
BE
E20
CZ
SI
AU
IE
DE
ES
NL
PL
CA
UK
HU
9
Self-declared speeding (by country)% of at least once during the last 12 months
89%
84%
82%
81%
81%
81%
80%
79%
79%
78%
77%
77%
76%
74%
74%
73%
73%
73%
73%
73%
71%
68%
66%
62%
61%
61%
57%
0% 50% 100%
NO
FI
SE
DK
AT
PT
DE
CH
IL
NL
KR
CA
IT
ES
US
BE
CZ
ESRA25
SI
E20
EL
FR
UK
HU
IE
AU
PL
91%
84%
84%
83%
82%
79%
79%
78%
77%
76%
75%
75%
75%
74%
73%
73%
73%
72%
71%
69%
68%
67%
64%
64%
60%
59%
55%
0% 50% 100%
FI
DK
AT
NO
DE
IT
SE
CZ
PT
BE
CH
HU
NL
KR
E20
SI
FR
IL
ESRA25
CA
PL
US
ES
EL
UK
IE
AU
85%
76%
75%
74%
74%
74%
72%
72%
69%
68%
68%
67%
66%
66%
65%
64%
64%
64%
63%
63%
62%
62%
61%
58%
55%
52%
50%
0% 50% 100%
FI
DE
DK
AT
CZ
HU
IT
PT
KR
E20
FR
BE
NO
NL
ESRA25
ES
PL
SE
CH
IL
US
CA
SI
EL
UK
AU
IE
10
Self-declared seat belt use (by country)% of at least once during the last 12 months
Driver Passenger front Passenger back
92%
89%
88%
88%
87%
87%
85%
84%
84%
84%
84%
84%
82%
80%
80%
80%
80%
79%
79%
79%
78%
77%
77%
76%
74%
72%
70%
0% 50% 100%
FI
BE
DK
CZ
IT
NO
HU
CA
IL
SE
NL
PT
AT
E20
AU
IE
ES
CH
ESRA25
DE
US
UK
PL
FR
EL
SI
KR
93%
92%
90%
88%
88%
88%
87%
87%
86%
86%
86%
86%
85%
85%
85%
85%
84%
84%
83%
82%
82%
81%
81%
81%
76%
71%
61%
0% 50% 100%
FI
BE
DK
CZ
HU
NO
SE
AT
NL
UK
CH
IL
IT
PT
DE
E20
IE
FR
SI
CA
PL
ES
AU
ESRA25
US
EL
KR
86%
82%
81%
77%
75%
75%
75%
72%
72%
71%
70%
70%
66%
66%
64%
63%
62%
60%
59%
56%
55%
54%
53%
53%
24%
23%
15%
0% 50% 100%
FI
DK
SE
AU
NO
BE
UK
CA
DE
IE
ES
FR
AT
IL
NL
CZ
E20
CH
ESRA25
US
HU
SI
PL
PT
IT
KR
EL
Subjective safetyscale 0-10 (very safe)
7.4
7.2
6.9
6.8
6.2
6.0
11
Subjective safety & risk perception (ESRA25)
• DUI alcohol (30%)
• Speeding (27%)
• Inattentiveness (24%)
• DUI drugs (23%)
• Text messaging (22%)
• Aggressive driving (21%)
• Mobile phone (21%)
• Tailgating (19%)
• Drowsy driving (18%)
• DUI medication (17%)
• Insufficient knowledge of traffic rules (14%)
Human risk factors
• Bad weather conditions (17%)
• Poorly maintained roads (14%)
• Traffic jam (13%)
• Poor road design (12%)
• Technical defects (12%)
External risk factors
Risk perception
12
Acceptability of unsafe traffic behaviour (ESRA25*)
Personal acceptability(score 4+5 on a scale from
1 ‘unacceptable’ to 5 ‘acceptable’)
36%
26%
22%
13%
9%
9%
7%
7%
6%
6%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
5%
0% 20% 40%
hands-free phone
10 km/h
20km/h on motorway
no seat belt - passenger back
hand-held mobile phone
20 km/h urban area
20 km/h on residential street
no seat belt - passenger front
20 km/h in school zone
type text message / e-mail
check social media
DUI drugs
transport children without CRS
drowsy driving
DUI alcohol
DUI alcohol+drugs
+
+
+
+
+
* ESRA24 for distraction = excluding Slovenia due to translation error
88%
88%
87%
87%
85%
84%
82%
80%
78%
78%
78%
74%
72%
63%
59%
57%
52%
0% 50% 100%
DUI alcohol = increased accident risk
DUI drugs = increased accident risk
no CRS = dangerous
DUI alcohol → harder to react when danger
drowsy driving = increased accident risk
sleepy → no driving
hand-held = increased accident risk
I ask ‘buckle up’
speeding = risking lives
friends: DUI alcohol = unacceptable
friends: DUI drugs = unacceptable
speeding → harder to react when danger
hand-held = decreased attention
friends: one should respect speed limits
speed limits are acceptable
hands-free = decreased attention
10km/h = increased accident risk
13
Attitudes towards road safety (ESRA25)
% agreement(score 4+5 on a 5-point scale
from 1 ‘disagree’ to 5 ‘agree’)
78%
78%
71%
65%
63%
63%
53%
53%
51%
49%
32%
0% 50% 100%
zero tolerance alcohol for novice drivers
alcohol interlock for recidivists
licence system with penalty points
obligatory high-visibility vest for vulnerable road users
zero tolerance alcohol
obligatory helmet use for cyclists
ban on alcohol sales in service stations
ban of headphones for vulnerable road users
obligatory winter tyres
zero tolerance mobile phone
allowing cyclists to run red lights
% support
14
Support for road safety policy measures (ESRA25)
other
15
Enforcement: Opinions about traffic rules and penalties (ESRA25)
65%
63%
54%
50%
13%
14%
26%
31%
0% 50% 100%
drugs
alcohol
seat belt
speed
drugs
alcohol
seat belt
speed
Traffic rules are not
being checked
sufficiently
Penalties are too
severe
% agreement
50%
47%
37%
36%
33%
29%
29%
25%
24%
23%
22%
19%
19%
19%
18%
17%
17%
17%
17%
16%
14%
10%
9%
9%
8%
6%
5%
AU
PL
FI
KR
CZ
ES
SE
SI
NO
FR
EL
HU
E20
PT
ESRA25
AT
IT
NL
BE
IL
CH
US
CA
IE
DE
DK
UK
0% 30% 60%
16
Question: In the past 12
months, how many
times were you
checked by the police
for alcohol while driving
a car (i.e., being
subjected to a
Breathalyzer test)?
% at least once
32%
44%
4%
33%
21%
24%
13%
27%
12%
29%
15%
10%
18%
23%
19%
15%
15%
10%
14%
8%
19%
19%
18%
9%
8%
2%
9%
AU
PL
FI
KR
CZ
ES
SE
SI
NO
FR
EL
HU
EU20
PT
ESRA25
AT
IT
NL
BE
IL
CH
US
CA
IE
DE
DK
UK
0% 30% 60%% (very) big chance
Question: On a
typical journey, how
likely is it that you (as
a driver) will be
checked by the police
for alcohol, in other
words, being
subjected to a
Breathalyzer test?
Enforcement alcohol checks (by country)
www.esranet.eu
• Main report (ESRA 2015)
• Synthesis presentation (update results ESRA 2016)
• 6 Thematic reports
• Speeding
• Driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs
• Distraction and fatigue
• Seat belt and child restraint systems
• Subjective safety and risk perception
• Enforcement and support for road safety policy measures
• 25 Country-factsheets
17
Output ESRA 2015/2016
Conclusions & next steps
3
Evolution of the project
ESRA1 - 2015 ESRA1 - 2016 ESRA1 - 2017 ESRA2 - 2018
• ESRA has shown the feasibility and the added value of joint data collection by a network of road safety organizations.
• Intention: repeat this initiative every 3 years => time series
• This will provide a solid contribution to a joint monitoring system on road safety attitudes and behaviour.
• Currently we repeat the ESRA1 survey in 13 Latin American countries (ESRA LATAM).
• Next ESRA edition will be launched in 2018 !
20
Conclusion ESRA1 - 2015 ESRA1 - 2016 ESRA1 - 2017 ESRA2 - 2018
Please refer to this document as follows:
Meesmann, U., Torfs, K., & Van den Berghe, W. (2017). The ESRA-project: Synthesis of the main findings from the 1st ESRA survey in 25 countries. ESRA project (E-Survey of Road users’ Attitudes). Brussels, Belgium: Belgian Road Safety Institute.
More information on ESRA: www.esranet.eu
Uta MeesmannSenior ResearcherBelgian Road Safety InstituteEmail: [email protected] Tel: +32 2 244 15 13
Katrien Torfs, PHDResearcherBelgian Road Safety InstituteEmail: [email protected] Tel: +32 2 244 14 03
