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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use
The ESA Science Programme
Günther Hasinger D/SCI
ESSC Plenary Meeting, Geneva Observatory, 23. May 2018
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 2
Four generations of ESA Science Directors
On the occasion of Roger Bonnet’s 80th Birthday SymposiumESTEC, 8.2.2018.
Celebrating the success of Horizon 2000.
Roger Bonnet
1983-2001
David Southwood2001-2011
Alvaro Giménez
2011-2018
GüntherHasinger
2018-
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 3
Ice Giants?
Small Bodies?
ESA Solar System Missions
smileSolar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere
proba-3Solar Coronograph
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 4
ESA Astrophysics Missions
platoExoplanets & stars
Formation of the elements
xarm
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 5
1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026
Hitomi
LISA Pathfinder
Gaia
PROBA-2
Planck
Herschel
Hinode
Venus Express
Suzaku
Rosetta
Mars Express
INTEGRAL
Cluster
XMM-Newton
Cassini-Huygens
SOHO
Hubble
Last update: March 2018 2030
Operational
Implementation
Post-operations
2034
JUICE
Euclid
PLATO
JWST
ExoMars 2016
PROBA-3
BepiColombo
CHEOPS
IRIS
Microscope
XARM
Solar Orbiter
ESA Space Science Missions
SMILE
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 6
TGO Korolev Crater
ESA/Roscosmos/CaSSIS, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 7
Gaia Data Release 225.4.2018, ILA Berlin
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 8
Redefining the foundations of astronomy!
Apr 22 Apr 29 May 6
~13000 Gaia DR2 users peakGaia DR2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
4/25/18 4/30/18 5/5/18 5/10/18 5/15/18
Gaia Release PapersFirst community paper (3.5hrs)
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 9
Gaia DR2 Rotation of M31 and M33 from Proper Motion
van der Marel et al., 10.5.2018
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 10
Gruber Cosmology Prize for the ESA Planck Team
The ESA Planck Team as a whole, and its principal science team leaders,
Nazzareno Mandolesi and Jean-Loup Puget, have been awarded the prestigious 2018 Gruber Cosmology Prize on May 9, 2018!
Congratulations for this wonderful achievement!
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 11
BepiColombo at Kourou Spaceport
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 12
Mars Express running gyroless
As of May 15, Mars Express is running
routine science operations with its gyros
turned off. A first in Europe!
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 13
Scientific Highlights
The scientific discoveries are just raining down on us and we live in a
wonderful age for astrophysics and space science
Here I show some examples of recent breakthrough discoveries and new
quests.
The ESA Cosmic Vision Programme is already in an excellent position to
embark on some of the major new scientific challenges, and will be
developed to address more.
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 14
About 25,000 such objects at any time in our solar system. Next discoveries possible in the near future.
Huge press coverage! Most visible scientific result of 2017 (competing with Kilonova)
Excellent “dual use” of NASA NEO and ESA ops activities!
Wonderful cooperation among observatories.
Watch this space! Exciting new results from HST
expected soon!
1I ‘Oumuamua
Karen MeechU Hawaii
ESO animation
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 15
‘Oumuamua TrajectoryThe objects gets much fainter as it travels back to outer space. Hubble observations and precision astrometry are necessary to pin down its trajectory.
Recent Hubble data have revealed possibly a tumbling disk instead of a cigar shape.
Belton et al., 2018, ApJ 856, 21
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 16
Exoplanets: The Trappist-1 System
Seven temperate
Earth-like planets
around a Jupiter-size
red dwarf star at a
distance of 40 light years
M. Gillon et al., Nature 2017
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 17
HST transmission spectroscopy of four TRAPPIST-1 planets
Planets e, f, & g in the habitable zone in the TRAPPIST-1 systemNo prominent near-IR spectral features, ruling out cloud-free H2-dominated atmospheres for d, e & fHigh-altitude cloud & haze not expected in H2-rich atmospheres under these illumination conditions
Conclusion: consistent with terrestrial & potentially habitable nature
de Wit et al. 2018, Nature
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 18
From the surface of one of the Trappist-1 planets
But beware of the influence of stellar activity and the strong stellar magnetic field on habitability! The surface may consist of liquid lava!
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 19
Proxima B: Will future telescopes be able to image it?
Proxima B
To find “Earth-2” is the Holy Grail of contemporary astrophysics.
Students are voting with their feet.
The vision to some time in the future fly to a nearby habitable planet catches the imagination.
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 20
CHEOPS / ESA, CH, et al. PLATO / ESA
JWST / NASA, ESA, CSAARIEL / ESA
Bright future for ESA Exoplanet studies!
2019
2020
2026
2028
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 21
Uranus/Neptune-size planets
and super-Earths are the most
abundant classes of exoplanets.
The only ground-truth we have on these types of
objects thus far is from Voyager 2 flybys of
Uranus (1986) and Neptune (1989). An
exploration mission to our ice giants will play a
critical role understanding our own planetary
system and those beyond
Exoplanet and Solar System Synergies
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 22
INTERIORS
MOONS
ATMOSPHERES
RINGS
MAGNETOSPHERES
ORIGINS
Scientific Themes for a Mission to the Ice Giants
From L2 and L3 Science Themes Meeting, Paris September 2013
C. Arridge 2013
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 23
M*:Uranus & Neptune Trajectories with Jupiter Flyby
Uranus Neptune
NASA Ice Giant pre-decadal study final report (2017)
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 24
Next Steps
NASA-ESA joint study to extend the NASA Ice Giants
study keeping in mind potential future collaboration
Joint study to define the potential options
• Refine trajectories to reach all target bodies
• Identify technology needs
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 25
Bringing Sound to the Movies! First GW/GRB!
LISA/Athena Synergy!
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 26
Text books have to be re-written!Neutron-star merger produces the heavy elements:
We are not only stardust, but also neutron-star dust …
… and about 10% from the Big Bang !
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 27
Ligo
Athena
LIGO Masses of Black Holes
• Are primordial
Black Holes part of
the Dark Matter?
• How are Black Holes formed?
• How are the heavy
elements formed?
LISA/Athena Synergy
LISA
Athena & LISA need to fly close together
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 28
Athena and LISA synergy
• The hot and violent universe: Strong gravity produces high energy radiation and gravitational waves.
• “Bringing sound to the movies”: crucial orthogonal information on physical processes, e.g. neutron star and black hole mergers.
• Black holes may contribute to the mysterious Dark Matter, solving two riddles simultaneously.
The Athena and LISA team are working jointly on a study about these synergies.
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 29
Vision for Science and CM19
Ambition: strengthen Science both through dedicated missions spanning a range of
sizes, as well as through synergies with other activities.
A ~20% increase of the Science Program LoR will enable:
Maximum synergy between LISA and Athena (their flying together will create a
unique science opportunity);
A new M-Mission to our ice-giants, Uranus and Neptune, utilizing a unique
celestial constellation 2028-2032 in the frame of a cooperation with NASA;
A line of F-missions in sync with M-missions (to exploit the joint launch), creating
a series of new opportunities with special emphasis on novel implementations;
Payload system responsibility/provision alleviate/facilitate/support Member
State provision (also relative to LISA/Athena synergy);
Science & Technology Preparation for the next set of L & M Missions (CV 2050)
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 30
Papers discussed at SPC/HoD workshop May 16/17
1. Provision of scientific instrumentation for Science Programme missions
Broad consensus on the need for an early (limited) engagement of ESA in the payload
system engineering and procurement support, but details need to be better defined.
Way forward: bilateral discussions with individual member states and formation of a
working group of specialists from ESA and MS.
2. Towards a Call for an “F” mission
Agreement on the attractiveness of a special opportunity (F1) mission with innovative
implementation scenario, but wish to broaden the range of scientific topics.
Inclusion of a line of F missions into the program requires an increase of the science
budget.
Further Discussion at June SSAC and SPC meetings.
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 31
‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 ‘23 ‘24 ‘25 ‘26 ‘27 ‘28 ‘29 ‘30 ‘31 ‘32 ‘33 ‘34 ‘35 ‘36 ‘37 ‘38 ‘39 ‘40 ‘41 ‘42 ‘43 ‘44 ‘45 ‘462020
Decadal Survey
2030 Decadal Survey
ATHENA
LISA
JWST
HST ?
JUICE at Jupiter
WFIRST ?
Euclid
E_ELT
Plato
M5
TMT
GMT
BepiColombo at Mercury
ExoMars
Solar Orbiter
NASA Strategic
ESA Large
Groundbased
ESA Medium/F/S
‘47 ‘48 ‘492050
Decadal Survey
CHEOPS
2040 Decadal Survey
ARIEL
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 32
‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 ‘23 ‘24 ‘25 ‘26 ‘27 ‘28 ‘29 ‘30 ‘31 ‘32 ‘33 ‘34 ‘35 ‘36 ‘37 ‘38 ‘39 ‘40 ‘41 ‘42 ‘43 ‘44 ‘45 ‘462020
Decadal Survey
2030 Decadal Survey
ATHENA
LISA
JWST
HST ?
JUICE at Jupiter
WFIRST ?
Next Generation Observatory
Euclid
E_ELT
Next Generation Observatory
Next. Generation L Mission L4
Plato
ARIEL & F1
M5. & F2
M7
TMT
GMT
M8 & F3BepiColombo at Mercury
ExoMars
Solar Orbiter
NASA Strategic
ESA Large
Groundbased
ESA Medium/F/S
‘47 ‘48 ‘49
M9
2050 Decadal Survey
CHEOPS
2040 Decadal Survey
M* Ice Giant Mission Uranus? Neptune?
Ice Giant Mission
Next. Generation L5
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 33
CMIN 2019 proposal
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COSMIC VISION Long Term Plan: new activities in greenPayload Support - Athena/LISA advance and payload support - M* to icy giants in 2030 - F2 in 2032
ARIEL 2028
Athena 2031
M5 2032
LISA 2034
M7 2036
F1 2028
JWST 20
BC 18
SO 20
Euclid 22
JUICE 22
PLATO 26
M* 2030
F2 2032
Athena/LISA advance and
payload support
Missions in Orbit
Small Missions & MoO
Technology development, Preparation for the future, and Science support
Programme Contingency 7%
Payload Support
COSMIC VISION
2050
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use0.0
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ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 37
3rd PartyEC, Eumetsat…
ApplicationsEarth Observation, Navigation,
Telecommunication
Science and Exploration
Enabling and SupportTransportation, Operation, Technology
ESA Long Term View3
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Safety and Security
M€, 2018 e.c.
ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 38
Thank you very much!