The Equal Rights Struggle Expands

Section 4Pgs. 895-900

Other Minorities Organize

• Key? - How did other minorities fight for civil rights?

• Latino population diverse.• Mexican Americans united under Cesar Chavez,

a Mexican farm worker. • Created a labor union under non-violent tactics.

• The United Farm Workers Organizing

Committee (UFWOC).

continued

• 1965 – Grape growers refused to recognize WFWOC.

• Chavez launched a nation-wide grape boycott.• Success for Chavez when in 1970 negotiated a

favorable contract.• Mexicans united in cities for better education.• 1970, formed La Raza Unida , to help elect

Mexicans to public office.

Native American Activism

• Suffered loss of lands and massive killing.• Reservations in poverty.• Indian schools- their culture forbidden.• Must assimilate, blend into white society.• “termination policy” ending federal protection of

assets and giving power to the states.• Also, sold 1.6 million acres of their land. • NA united to protest –founded the National

Congress of American Indians. (NCAI)

continued

• NA Indians least prosperous and short life span.• 1961 met in Chicago and issued the Declaration of

Indian Purpose. • Wanted to the right to choose their own way of life

– preserve heritage. • AIM –American Indian Movement founded in 1968.• Indian Self-Determination Act and Education

Assistance Act of 1975 gave tribal more control over social programs, law enforcement and education.

The Women’s Movement Revives

• Key? – What did the Women’s Movement hope to achieve?

• During WWII, 7 million women worked.• 1960s women continued to demand equal

rights. • Limited legal rights: signing contracts, selling

property, getting credit. • Society pressure to quit work if pregnant.

Continued

• Betty Friedan’s founded the National Organization for Women (NOW).

• Mission to help women get good jobs and equal pay.

• “glass ceiling”- invisible barrier that keeps women from receiving same promotions as men.

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)

• Congress passed in 1972 .• Did not pass ratification from 38 states

needed.• Well-organized opposition from Phyllis Schafly

who thought it would destroy families. • The Higher Education Act of 1972 – Title IX-

outlawed discrimination against women in schools, and receiving federal funds.