THE ENVIRONMENTAL CASE FOR PAPER

HENRY COPPENSSappi emissions and energy technical specialist

• Riddle #1

WOW Factors

What is this ‘THING’ ?A perpetual motion device ?

Almost – anyway, the nearest you’ll ever get to one

• Riddle #2! - a thing, device, machine, giant factory?• WOW factors1. Makes own energy2. Guzzles Carbon Dioxide3. Can Re-use its product

4. Outputs (products, waste) biodegradable5. Contributor to Life itself6. Quarter mile times

Sappi, Mondi Plantations

The Sappi Story

LET’S EXPAND ON THE WOW FACTORS

• Straw

• WWII – raw material shortages

• Build its own machine

• Amazing by-products

• Starting from a base of zero resources.

• Amazing example of zero based raw material development not reliant on a natural door step resource

1. Makes own energy

Nearly 50 % of the energy used to make paper by Sappi & Mondi comes from the raw material – the wood chips

It’s renewable

Non -fossil

Carbon neutral

This means this energy is:

• WOW factors

1. Makes own energy2. Guzzles GHGs/ LOCKS UP Carbon3. Re-uses its output4. Outputs (product, wastes) biodegradable5. Contributor to Life itself6. Quarter mile times

Wow Factors

• This ‘machine’ that our industry has built is one of the largest built and

developed GHG clean-up devices in the world.

2. GUZZLES GHGs

• BIOMASS cultivation is the ONLY means we have to clean up the GHG mess

• Trees are the most efficient species at doing this

• Our plantations have specially developed trees that are 6 - 10 times more

efficient at doing this than the trees of the northern boreal forests, tropical

forests

•If it were not for the forestry industry world wide operating

over 150 years the GHG level in the atmosphere would be

5% higher than it is at present.USA National Council for Air And Stream Improvement

2. GUZZLES GHGs (cont.)

• Our paper mills draw wood from this huge machine! – 1 200 000ha plantations

• This ‘machine’ absorbs 27 million tonnes CO2 annually – 1 kg/hr

• This ‘machine’ produces 19 million tonnes O2 annually – 600 kg/hr

• No other man made type of machine comes anywhere close to doing this!!!

2. GUZZLES GHGs (cont.)

• The BIG difference between Forestry industry and virtually all other:

• ITS ABILITY TO TAKE UP CARBON FROM THE ATMOSPHERE

• AND LOCK IT UP.

• Other industries certainly lock up carbon but this is – fossil carbon – a limited

resource.

• When lock up of this carbon ends, as it eventually will – where does it go –

INTO THE ATMOSPHERE.

• Sugar industry nearest, but they don’t lock up for very long, can’t recycle sugar

2. GUZZLES GHGs

• CARBON FOOTPRINT (tonne CO2/tonne product)

Manufacturing (Raw/recycled) Final Fate

Pa

pe

rP

las

tic

Total FossilCO 2 Release

2.97 t CO2per tonProduct

5.3t CO2*

per tonpolyethylene

* Based on 1.75t petroleum per ton of polyethylene produced.

Raw Material Prod’n

•Check on boundary conditions: We use CRADLE to GATE but take into account final fate of paper

3. Re-uses its inputCanadian Forest Products Industry

-120

-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

mil

lio

n t

on

ne

CO

2 e

q/y

2005

Manufa

ctu

ring,

Direct

Manufa

ctu

ring,

Indirect

Tra

nsport

Non-f

ibre

inputs

Meth

ane fro

m fore

sts

,

landfills

Carb

on in F

ore

st

Pro

ducts

Carb

on in

Fore

sts

Tota

l

Em

issio

ns

Tota

l

Sequestr

ations

Ref NCASI Special Report 07-09

Only these go into the C.F. value

WOW factors

WOW factors

1. Makes own energy2. Guzzles GHGs3. Re-uses its output4. Outputs (product, wastes) biodegradable5. Contributor to Life itself6. Quarter mile times

•Unlike other materials, paper waste needs no segregation before recycle

processing. Simply put it all in the same pot and make paper

3. Re-uses its input

•Up to 80% of kraft packaging paper in SA is recovered for recycling

•We consumes almost 3.5 million tonnes of waste paper

•Sappi has one entire paper mill that ONLY uses recycled paper

•Recycled paper has zero carbon footprint

•Paper fibre can be recycled up to 6-7 times.

•Waste paper collection is a significant player in the informal labour sector –

benefiting thousands of otherwise unemployed people.

Wow Factors

• WOW factors

1. Makes own energy2. Guzzles GHGs3. Re-uses its output4. Outputs (product, wastes) biodegradable5. Cause of Life itself6. Quarter mile times

•Paper does contribute as a species of

‘Our National Flower’.

4. Biodegradation

• All paper products biodegrade readily

•When they do they do not harm the environment

Wow Factors

• WOW factors

1. Makes own energy2. Guzzles GHGs3. Re-uses its output4. Outputs (product, wastes) biodegradable5. Contributor to Life itself6. Quarter mile times

• We can reduce by 10% without affecting life

style, but to go greater than this – what is necessary to reverse climate

change – is very difficult since we are so dependent on fossil fuels.

5. Contributor to Life itself

•The CO2 that the plantations absorb and O2 produce is what sustains life

•We only have one atmosphere

•To continue sustaining life, especially in the age of fossil fuel gluttony we need to reduce fossil fuel consumption.

•Create a demand for paper products!

5. Contributor to Life itself (cont.)

• We can develop CO2 storage/absorption systems like ocean storage, disused mine CO2 absorption.

• All very expensive and far from being operational

•THERE IS A BETTER WAY, A MUCH BETTER WAY

•PLANT MORE TREES!

•How do we do this?

•Commercially is best – create a demand for more trees

•How do we do this?

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sapp a

5. Contributor to Life itself (cont.)

WATER USE

Two prime users

Plantation water use

Paper making process water use

• Sappi plantations divert more rainfall back to the atmosphere (evaporation) than to streams when compared to other agriculture BUT

5. Contributor to Life itself (cont.)

• Compare plantations with other cultivated agriculture – NOT with indigenous forests• Sappi plantations may look like forests – but they are an exotic cultivated agricultural commodity like virtually all SA agriculture - maize, wheat, cabbages, fruit etc

PLANTATION WATER USE

• Sappi plantations are thus far closer to being naturally independently sustainable that virtually any other SA agricultural product or commodity.

5. Contributor to Life itself (cont.)

• To make all other SA agriculture sustainable, vast expenditure is required on agriculture support and infrastructure (fertiliser, insecticides, dams, canals, etc - all of which are not required for Sappi plantations

• This is because Sappi plantations NEED NO IRRIGATION.

• All moisture is derived naturally. (80 – 85% of SA agriculture is dependent on irrigation).

PAPER PROCESS WATER USE

2.7% of SA water is used in the process of paper manufacture.

5. Contributor to Life itself (cont)

Water use by sector in S.A.

62.2%23%

6%

2%

2.7%

4.1%

Irrigation

Domestic & Urban

Mining andIndustry

Power generation

PaperManufacture

Rural use

• WOW factors

1. Makes own energy2. Guzzles GHGs3. Re-uses its output4. Outputs (product, wastes) biodegradable5. Contributor to Life itself6. Quarter mile times

WOW Factors

• So they produce fibre 8 – 13 times faster than forests in the northern hemisphere.

6. Quarter mile times

• Talking about tree growth

• Traditional fibre sources are the northern hemisphere temperate and boreal

forests and the tropic forests. They can take up to 100 years to be ready as pulp wood.• The trees in our plantations are ready after 7 (gum) to 12 years (pine).

times faster than the prime source of paper fibre in the northern hemisphere

• So they are 8 – 13 times faster at absorbing CO2 and producing oxygen.

•All this at approx 1/6th the land area of Northern Hemisphere & Tropical forests.

Conclusion

Neither plastic nor glass biodegrade readily. Plastic can take up to 1,000 years to biodegrade. When plastic photo-degrades, it causes harm to soil and water.

Recycling rate in SA 25 % for glass and 32% for plastic. Plastic needs to be segregated.

0% derived from renewable energy

Not renewable – increases carbon in the atmosphere when burned

Other (glass, plastic, metal)

Biodegrades without harming soil or water

100% recyclable, 55% recovery rate for paper in SA, 80% recovery rate for kraft papers

Almost 50% derived from renewable

100% renewable – carbon neutral when burned

Paper

BiodegradabilityRecyclability Carbon used in manufacturing

Carbon contained in raw material

Conclusion

Where to we fit in?

Conclusion

• Be part of the Climate change SOLUTION – not part of the Problem

•THANK YOU!!!! Any questions?.

•We are one of the few industries whose business is naturally aligned to climate change remediation.

•Thanks to its forestry operations and its use of renewable energy our industry in SA is right up there as one of the very few , if not the best, that is most aligned to the Climate Change Solution in the world.

Conclusion

• “Please consider the environment before printing this e-Mail……………”

•GO AHEAD - PRINT A MILLION OF THE DAMN THINGS!!! And do your bit for cleaning up the atmosphere and the environment.

•THANK YOU!!!! Any questions?.

•One more thing!!!!