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Mr
Booth
World
History
The Enlightenment
Source 1 A History of Modern Europe by John Merriman
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment ishellip Daring to know
A Quest for knowledge
Progress through
REASONThe Enlightnement
is also known as The Age of Reason
It Begins with Two English
Thinkers
Hobbes and Locke
1 Thomas Hobbes The
Leviathan (1651)
Convinced that people were
naturally 1 Selfish 2
Wicked
Without government people
would ldquowage war of every
man against every manrdquo
Social Contract
To escape a brutal life
1 People give up their rights
2 Then the Government will provide
law and order
Points 1 and 2 are the Social
Contract
The best government = awesome
power of Leviathan (Awesome Sea
Monster)
What type of government is this
Why are they destined to fail
2 John Locke
He has a positive view of human
nature
Argues P have natural ability to
people could learn from experience to
improve themselves
Locke criticized absolute monarchy in
favor of self-government (democracy)in
which as ldquoreasonable beings people
have the natural ability to govern their
own affairs and to look after the
welfare of society
Locke
BORN =According to Locke all people are born free and
equal (tabula rasa) with three natural rights
(3) NATURAL RIGHTS Life liberty and property
PURPOSE OF GOV The purpose of government said
Locke is to protect these rights
IF A GOV FAILS citizens have a right to overthrow it
He wrote ldquoTwo Treatises on Governmentrdquo
Changing Idea The Right to Govern
Old Idea New Idea
A Monarchs rule
is justified by
divine right
A governments
power comes
______________
______________
LOCKE HOBBES -
PEOPLE
PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT
TYPE OF GOV
RIGHTS
VIEW OF OPPOSITE
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment ishellip Daring to know
A Quest for knowledge
Progress through
REASONThe Enlightnement
is also known as The Age of Reason
It Begins with Two English
Thinkers
Hobbes and Locke
1 Thomas Hobbes The
Leviathan (1651)
Convinced that people were
naturally 1 Selfish 2
Wicked
Without government people
would ldquowage war of every
man against every manrdquo
Social Contract
To escape a brutal life
1 People give up their rights
2 Then the Government will provide
law and order
Points 1 and 2 are the Social
Contract
The best government = awesome
power of Leviathan (Awesome Sea
Monster)
What type of government is this
Why are they destined to fail
2 John Locke
He has a positive view of human
nature
Argues P have natural ability to
people could learn from experience to
improve themselves
Locke criticized absolute monarchy in
favor of self-government (democracy)in
which as ldquoreasonable beings people
have the natural ability to govern their
own affairs and to look after the
welfare of society
Locke
BORN =According to Locke all people are born free and
equal (tabula rasa) with three natural rights
(3) NATURAL RIGHTS Life liberty and property
PURPOSE OF GOV The purpose of government said
Locke is to protect these rights
IF A GOV FAILS citizens have a right to overthrow it
He wrote ldquoTwo Treatises on Governmentrdquo
Changing Idea The Right to Govern
Old Idea New Idea
A Monarchs rule
is justified by
divine right
A governments
power comes
______________
______________
LOCKE HOBBES -
PEOPLE
PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT
TYPE OF GOV
RIGHTS
VIEW OF OPPOSITE
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
It Begins with Two English
Thinkers
Hobbes and Locke
1 Thomas Hobbes The
Leviathan (1651)
Convinced that people were
naturally 1 Selfish 2
Wicked
Without government people
would ldquowage war of every
man against every manrdquo
Social Contract
To escape a brutal life
1 People give up their rights
2 Then the Government will provide
law and order
Points 1 and 2 are the Social
Contract
The best government = awesome
power of Leviathan (Awesome Sea
Monster)
What type of government is this
Why are they destined to fail
2 John Locke
He has a positive view of human
nature
Argues P have natural ability to
people could learn from experience to
improve themselves
Locke criticized absolute monarchy in
favor of self-government (democracy)in
which as ldquoreasonable beings people
have the natural ability to govern their
own affairs and to look after the
welfare of society
Locke
BORN =According to Locke all people are born free and
equal (tabula rasa) with three natural rights
(3) NATURAL RIGHTS Life liberty and property
PURPOSE OF GOV The purpose of government said
Locke is to protect these rights
IF A GOV FAILS citizens have a right to overthrow it
He wrote ldquoTwo Treatises on Governmentrdquo
Changing Idea The Right to Govern
Old Idea New Idea
A Monarchs rule
is justified by
divine right
A governments
power comes
______________
______________
LOCKE HOBBES -
PEOPLE
PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT
TYPE OF GOV
RIGHTS
VIEW OF OPPOSITE
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Social Contract
To escape a brutal life
1 People give up their rights
2 Then the Government will provide
law and order
Points 1 and 2 are the Social
Contract
The best government = awesome
power of Leviathan (Awesome Sea
Monster)
What type of government is this
Why are they destined to fail
2 John Locke
He has a positive view of human
nature
Argues P have natural ability to
people could learn from experience to
improve themselves
Locke criticized absolute monarchy in
favor of self-government (democracy)in
which as ldquoreasonable beings people
have the natural ability to govern their
own affairs and to look after the
welfare of society
Locke
BORN =According to Locke all people are born free and
equal (tabula rasa) with three natural rights
(3) NATURAL RIGHTS Life liberty and property
PURPOSE OF GOV The purpose of government said
Locke is to protect these rights
IF A GOV FAILS citizens have a right to overthrow it
He wrote ldquoTwo Treatises on Governmentrdquo
Changing Idea The Right to Govern
Old Idea New Idea
A Monarchs rule
is justified by
divine right
A governments
power comes
______________
______________
LOCKE HOBBES -
PEOPLE
PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT
TYPE OF GOV
RIGHTS
VIEW OF OPPOSITE
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
2 John Locke
He has a positive view of human
nature
Argues P have natural ability to
people could learn from experience to
improve themselves
Locke criticized absolute monarchy in
favor of self-government (democracy)in
which as ldquoreasonable beings people
have the natural ability to govern their
own affairs and to look after the
welfare of society
Locke
BORN =According to Locke all people are born free and
equal (tabula rasa) with three natural rights
(3) NATURAL RIGHTS Life liberty and property
PURPOSE OF GOV The purpose of government said
Locke is to protect these rights
IF A GOV FAILS citizens have a right to overthrow it
He wrote ldquoTwo Treatises on Governmentrdquo
Changing Idea The Right to Govern
Old Idea New Idea
A Monarchs rule
is justified by
divine right
A governments
power comes
______________
______________
LOCKE HOBBES -
PEOPLE
PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT
TYPE OF GOV
RIGHTS
VIEW OF OPPOSITE
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Locke
BORN =According to Locke all people are born free and
equal (tabula rasa) with three natural rights
(3) NATURAL RIGHTS Life liberty and property
PURPOSE OF GOV The purpose of government said
Locke is to protect these rights
IF A GOV FAILS citizens have a right to overthrow it
He wrote ldquoTwo Treatises on Governmentrdquo
Changing Idea The Right to Govern
Old Idea New Idea
A Monarchs rule
is justified by
divine right
A governments
power comes
______________
______________
LOCKE HOBBES -
PEOPLE
PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT
TYPE OF GOV
RIGHTS
VIEW OF OPPOSITE
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Changing Idea The Right to Govern
Old Idea New Idea
A Monarchs rule
is justified by
divine right
A governments
power comes
______________
______________
LOCKE HOBBES -
PEOPLE
PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT
TYPE OF GOV
RIGHTS
VIEW OF OPPOSITE
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
LOCKE HOBBES -
PEOPLE
PURPOSE OF
GOVERNMENT
TYPE OF GOV
RIGHTS
VIEW OF OPPOSITE
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
What is Political Satire
SNL Take
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
New York Post Sean Delonas 2011
bull At its most benign the
cartoon suggests that
the stimulus bill was
so bad monkeys may
as well have written it
bull Others believe it
compares the
president to a rabid
chimp Either way the
incorporation of
violence and (on a
darker level) race into
politics is bound to be
controversial
Perhaps thats what
Delonas wanted
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
3 Voltaire
Witty sarcastic that used political satire
against his opponents
Main Idea Was a champion of reason
freedom of religious belief and freedom
of speech
The threathellip
Early works banned in France
Everything he wrote banned in Spain
Was twice sent to prison
ldquoI disapprove of what you say but I will
defend to the death your right to say itrdquo
3 Reasons to love Voltairehellip
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
4 Montesquieu
Influential French writer
that devoted himself to
writing about political
liberty (political
freedom)
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Montesquieu
Montesquieu called this division of power among
different branches the separation of powers in his
famous book On the Spirit of Laws (1748)
ldquoPowerrdquo he wrote should be a check to powerrdquo So
each branch of the government would serve as a check
on the other two
This is also known as ldquoChecks and Balancesrdquo
The Separation of Powers essentially keeps any group
of government fromhellip
Articles 1 2 3 of Constitutionhellip
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
5 Mary Wollstonecraft
Published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman in 1792
Disagreed with Voltaire on education She believed that
education was not secondary to a manrsquos education
She argued that like men women need education to
become virtuous and useful and that it would make them
better mothers
She believed that women could also be something more than
nurses that they should also be able to become doctors
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Wollstonecraft
ldquoLet women share the
rights and she will emulate
the virtues of men for she
must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
she wrote
The key to gaining equality
and freedom she argued
was better education
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
6 Beccaria
Italian philosophe Cesare Beccaria turned his thoughts to the
reforming the justice system ndash
Quote ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to avenge
crimesrdquo
Criticized abuses of justices included
Torture of witnesses and suspects
Leading or Suggestive Interrogation
Punishments that were arbitrary or cruel
Believed capital punishment should be abolished
Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and N
America
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Beccaria
Wrote On Crimes and Punishmentsrdquo in
1768
8th Amendment to the Constitution ishellip
ldquoExcessive bail shall not be required nor excessive
fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments
inflictedrdquo
What is waterboarding
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Think About Ithellip
Should the United States be
able to torture suspected
terrorists to keep America
safe
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE 2 MAIN IDEASQuote
LOCKE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
HOBBES IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
MONTESQUIEU IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
BECCARIA IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
VOLTAIRE IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
WOLLSTONECRAFT IDEASIMPACT
QUOTE
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
`
PHILOSPHE NAME FROM WROTE IDEAIMPACT
LOCKE England Two Treatises
on
Government
Idea- Natural Rights ndash Life Liberty Property
Impact- Fundamental to the US Declaration of
Independence
QUOTE ldquoPeople have the natural ability go govern their
own affairs and to look after the welfare of societyrdquo
HOBBES England The Leviathan Idea- Absolute Rule
Impact- No Impact Preserving status quo
QUOTE Without strong government people would wage
war of every man against every manrdquo
MONTESQUIEU France On the Spirit of
Laws
Idea- Separation of Powers
Impact- France and US uses separation of powers in their
constitutions
QUOTE ldquoPower should be a check to powerrdquo
BECCARIA Italy On Crimes and
Punishment
Idea- Abolishment of Torture
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights (8th Amendment)
outlawed or reformed in Europe and N America
QUOTE ldquoLaws existed to preserve social order not to
avenge crimesrdquo
VOLTAIRE France Candide Idea- Religious FreedomFreedom of Speech
Impact- Guaranteed in US Bill of Rights and French
Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
QUOTE ldquoI may disapprove of what you say but I will defend
to the death your right to say itrdquo
WOLLSTONECRAFT England A Vindication
of the Rights
of Woman
Idea- Womenrsquos Equality
Impact- Womenrsquos rights groups form in Europe and North
America
QUOTE ldquoA womanrsquos education should not be secondary to
a manrsquos OR ldquoLet women share the rights and she will
emulate the virtues of men for she must grow more perfect
when emancipatedrdquo
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Lockersquos Impact on Thomas
Jefferson
1 What is the Jeffersonian mean by the pursuit of
happiness
2 What other enlightened philosophe did Jefferson
have in mind when he planned where the white
house the Supreme Court and Congress would
be built
3 How can you see the constitution in the map of
Washington
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
The National Mall
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Jeffersonrsquos Surprising Take on Racial
Superiority
What interesting quote from Jeffersonrsquos
autobiography in 1821 is left off the inscriptions at
the Jefferson memorial
How could a man like Jefferson deny rights to black
Americans
Robert Bland UVA BA 1959
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Primary Source Exercise Answers
Chapter IV Of Slavery
All Star is John Locke Second Treatise on Government
Summary That laws are unabliable they are of nature and cannot
be taken away Also that governmental power should come from the
consent of the governed
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
1st Primary Source
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
I underlined ldquo The liberty of man in society is to be under no
other legislative power but that established by consent in the
commonwealth nor under the dominion of any will or restraint
of any lawrdquo Meaning Body of Congress (Legislative)
establishes laws to protect citizens against abuse of power of a
monarch
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then
government will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
On laws
All Star is Montesquieu On the Spirit of Laws
Summary The importance of the Separation of Powers The
specific importance is that if powers are combined then government
will act as a tyranny (abuse of power)
Of Suggestive Interrogations (Leading Questions)
All Star is Cesare Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment
Summary With the threat of torture everyone will talk People
should not have to incriminate themselves because officers of the law
ask them leading questions or threaten torture As a human race we
should have the right to remain silent and not have the threat of
torture or else this could happen to anybody at anytime
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
Man in the State of Nature
All Star is Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
Summary That in manrsquos natural state morality (goodness) does not
exist Therefore a man should have no rights because they are
incapable of being good
On Tolerance
All Star is Voltaire
Summary It is our nature to be tolerant because we are all frail and
make mistakes We must forgive each other Certainly rulers will
always make alliances based on power but we must respect each
otherrsquos differences
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
A Vindication
All Star is Mary Wollstonecraft
Summary She doesnrsquot like men showing ritualistic behavior
(opening doors) because it devalues womenhellip that women can do it
themselves She thinks itrsquos sweet and she loves men but women can
be more than just beautiful and helpless
Primary Source Exercise Answers Cont
![Montesquieu - ''on Taste'' Encyclopédie Version [1965]](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/577cc3de1a28aba71197660e/montesquieu-on-taste-encyclopedie-version-1965.jpg)
![Strauss montesquieu [1965]](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/568ca74d1a28ab186d94cc07/strauss-montesquieu-1965.jpg)
