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The Enlightenment. Chase Beach. How it started. Reason People started to question the teachings of the church Natural Law Hope Progress. John Locke. Wrote Essay Concerning Human Understanding Argued that every person is born with a blank mind. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The EnlightenmentChase Beach
How it started Reason
› People started to question the teachings of the church
Natural Law Hope Progress
John Locke Wrote Essay
Concerning Human Understanding› Argued that every
person is born with a blank mind.
Thought that if people were introduced to new and better influences then there could be a better society.
John Locke Has major influence
on the development of epistemology and political philosophy
Thought of as the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers
Isaac Newton Wrote
PhilosophiaeNaturalis Principia Mathematica› Described Universal
Gravitation and the three laws of motion
Built the first practical reflecting telescope
Helped invent calculus
Isaac Newton Worked on the
Biblical Hermeneutics› He was a very
religious man He and John Locke
were good friends Member of
Parliament of England› From 1689-1690
Baron De Montesquieu Born January 10,
1755 in Bordeaux Studied at the
Catholic College of Juilly
Most Famous for his book The Spirit of the Laws› Came up with the
separation of powers
Baron De Montesquieu He used the scientific
method to find natural laws that govern the social and political relationships of humans
He identified 3 kinds of governments:› Republics› Despotism› Monarchies
Baron De Montesquieu Republics were
suitable for small states
Despotism was suitable for large states
Monarchies were ideal for mid-sized states
He also came up with the idea of the system of checks and balances
Voltaire Born François-Marie
Arouet Born into a noble
family Went to a prestigious
college› He was fluent in
French, English, and Spanish
First used the name Voltaire as a pen name
Voltaire He was a popular
writer› Wrote Plays, Poetry,
Novels, Essays, historical and scientific books, and much more
Known for his criticism of Christianity and belief in religious tolerance
Denis Diderot Born October 5, 1713 Went to the University
of Paris› Father wanted him to
become a lawyer Instead he became a
writer Most famous for writing
the Encyclopedia› Changed the way
people thought of things.
Adam Smith Wrote The Wealth of
Nations The book talked
about how the state should not interfere with the economy
He gave the government 3 basic rules› It should protect
society from invasion
Adam Smith› The government
should defend citizens from injustice
› It should deal with some public works such as roads, schools, and canals
He has been called the founder of the social science of economics
CesareBeccaria Wrote On Crimes
and Punishment› Stated that
punishment should not be exercises in brutality
› Also said there should be no capital punishment
Was the first work of penology
Jean Jacques Rousseau Most famous
philosopher of the late enlightenment
Switched jobs a lot until he came to Paris and became a philosopher› Did not like the city
and remained in solitude most of his time
Jean Jacques Rousseau In his book The Social
Contract he introduced the Social Contract› The book stated in a
social contract, an entire society governs itself by its general will.
› People who oppose have to be forced to agree to the government
Mary Wollstonecraft One of the first women
to speak out about the rights of women
She is called the founder of the modern movement for women
She wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women› Talked about 2
problems that the enlightenment thinkers had
John Wesley Founder of Methodism Had an encounter with God
that caused him to become a missionary
Many Anglican churches were closed to him so he preached outside or in halls
He traveled a lot and preached around 2 or 3 times a day
After hearing his sermons many people converted to the Methodist society
The Methodists helped in the abolition of slavery in the U.S
Impact of EnlightenmentArt
Balthasar Neumann 2 most famous pieces
of art were:› The Church of
Fourteen Saints› The Residence
Neumann started to use new ideas and styles rather than the traditional ones› Rococo was the new
artistic style that became popular
Antoine Watteau The new art style
Rococo was found in a lot of Antoine Watteau’s pieces
He depicted a nice dinner party where men and women dressed up and looked very happy
He tries to hide the sadness that was going on at the time
Impact of EnlightenmentMusic
Johann Sebastian Bach Music director at the
church of Saint Thomas in Leipzig
Most famous for his Mass in B Minor
More known for being an organist than a composer
His style on the piano was so different than anyone else’s that people were drawn to him
George Frederic Handel Known for his
religious music His work, Messiah,
was his best work Used the Baroque
musical style At the age of 52, he
had a stroke› Made his right arm
temporarily paralyzed
Franz Joseph Haydn Was the director for
Hungarian princes for the majority of his life
When he went to England he started to perform more for public places than private parties
His 2 greatest works of music were The Creation and The Four Seasons
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Was a child prodigy He traveled around at a
young age with his family performing
Later went on to write around 600 pieces of music
His inability to get a sponsor led to his downfall
He composed 3 of the greatest operas of all time› The Marriage of Figaro› The Magic Flute› Don Giovanni