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The Enlightenment. The Age of Reason. Enlightenment. Reaches peak in mid-1700s sparked by Scientific Revolution apply reason and scientific method to areas outside science (politics, religion, economics, etc.). Views on Government. Thomas Hobbes. Leviathan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Enlightenment
The Age of Reason
EnlightenmentReaches peak in mid-
1700s sparked by Scientific
Revolutionapply reason and
scientific method to areas outside science (politics, religion, economics, etc.)
Views on Government
Thomas HobbesLeviathanBelieved people are
selfish and evilSocial Contract -
people give up rights to be ruled by strong leader in exchange for law and order
Absolute rulers exist to keep order
John LockePeople have ability to
govern themselvesall people are born
with 3 natural rights life liberty property
LockeGovernment’s purpose
is to protect those rights
Citizens have right to overthrow government if they don’t do their job (James II)
Foundation of modern democracy - gov. comes from people
Philosophes
French Philosophers
Concepts that form core beliefs1. Reason2. Nature 3. Happiness4. Progress5. Liberty
VoltaireUsed satire to fight
church, government, aristocracy
fought for freedom of speech, religion, tolerance, reason
Deism
Baron de MontesquieuSeparation of powers -
legislative (Parliament), judicial (courts), and executive (monarch)
Checks and balances “power should be a
check to power”
Jean Jacques RousseauDisagreed with other
philosophersCivilization corrupts
people’s natural goodness
Only good government is guided by people - direct democracy
RousseauSocial contract -
people create government in order to be a free society
Believed there should be no aristocracy (used in French Revolution)
Cesare BaccariaFocused on judicial
systemAgainst torture of
witnesses and suspectsNo arbitrary or cruel
punishmentSpeedy trialPunishment fits crimeNo capital punishment
Women in the Enlightenment
Mary WollstonecraftEncouraged education
for womenWomen should be
involved in politics
Impact of Enlightenment
1. Belief in progress2. More secular (worldly) outlook on life3. Importance of the individual
(individualism)
Leads to: American and French Revolutions
Things to know
While items in red are important to know, we’re stepping it up a bit and you need to be responsible for the other info as well. All items on power points are fair game for quizzes.
You do need to turn in by quiz day a compiled list of definitions of all the items in red. (Include Denis Diderot, Adam Smith)