The English The English Revolution Revolution 1603-16881603-1688

Objectives:Objectives:

How did Luther’s Reformation against a supreme How did Luther’s Reformation against a supreme authority = a representation of the people in authority = a representation of the people in EnglandEngland

Why did Parliament and the Stuart Monarchy Why did Parliament and the Stuart Monarchy clash in England?clash in England?

What role did religion play in the English What role did religion play in the English Revolution?Revolution?

4 Phases of the 4 Phases of the English English

RevolutionRevolutionI.I. Transition from the Tudor Transition from the Tudor

to the Stuart Monarchyto the Stuart Monarchy

II.II. The English The English CommonwealthCommonwealth

III.III. The Stuart RestorationThe Stuart Restoration

IV.IV. The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution

Puritan Vs AnglicanParliament Vs King

English Revolution

What is Parliament?What is Parliament?

House of Lords

House of Commons

Upper HouseMade up of Church ClergyNobles granted Peerage

Lower HouseElected RepsLarger in size

What Gives Parliament its What Gives Parliament its Power?Power?

1215 – The Magna 1215 – The Magna CartaCarta

- Limited the Monarchies power over Limited the Monarchies power over his subjectshis subjects

- Empowered Parliament to levy taxesEmpowered Parliament to levy taxes

- The content of the document was The content of the document was not as important as its symbolismnot as important as its symbolism

- The people have the right usurp a The people have the right usurp a King who does not support lawKing who does not support law

What is a Puritan?What is a Puritan?- The Reformation in The Reformation in

England had not gone far England had not gone far enough enough

- Wanted to “purify the Wanted to “purify the Anglican Church of Anglican Church of Catholic Ritual.”Catholic Ritual.”

- Did not favor a split of Did not favor a split of the Anglican Churchthe Anglican Church

- Separatists believed their Separatists believed their differences were differences were irreconcilable and left irreconcilable and left England for the England for the Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay ColonyColony

I. House of I. House of Tudor to Tudor to House of House of Stuart Stuart

-- Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth I Dies without I Dies without an heir, 1603an heir, 1603

-- James Stuart VI James Stuart VI of Scotland of Scotland succeeds to succeeds to King James I of King James I of England England beginning the beginning the Stuart DynastyStuart Dynasty

A. King James I: Stuart A. King James I: Stuart Dynasty (1603-1625)Dynasty (1603-1625)

1.1. A devout CatholicA devout Catholic

2.2. Created the King James Created the King James BibleBible

3.3. Called Queen James Called Queen James behind his backbehind his back

4.4. Refused to help Refused to help Protestants during the Protestants during the 30 years war in Europe30 years war in Europe

5.5. Refused to remove Refused to remove Catholic ritual from Catholic ritual from Anglican ChurchAnglican Church

6.6. Believed in the Believed in the Divine Divine Right of KingsRight of Kings

What is Divine Right of What is Divine Right of Kings?Kings?

Read the Document individually, then answer Read the Document individually, then answer the first summary questionthe first summary question

Remember to use Reading Techniques and Remember to use Reading Techniques and strategiesstrategies

Next, Get into a pair and answer the Next, Get into a pair and answer the subsequent questionssubsequent questions

B. Charles I (1625-B. Charles I (1625-1649)1649)

1.1. Catholic Son of James ICatholic Son of James I

2.2. Believed in the Divine Believed in the Divine Right of KingsRight of Kings

3.3. Quarreled with Quarreled with Parliament constantlyParliament constantly

4.4. Imprisoned people who Imprisoned people who refused to loan him refused to loan him moneymoney

5.5. Signed the Signed the Petition of Petition of Right Right in order to get in order to get money from Parliamentmoney from Parliament

a. The Petition of Righta. The Petition of Right

1)1) Charles needed money, Parliament refused Charles needed money, Parliament refused to act unless Charles I signed this documentto act unless Charles I signed this document

1)1) The King could not imprison a person The King could not imprison a person without consent or house soldiers in a without consent or house soldiers in a person’s home without consentperson’s home without consent

1)1) Charles could not collect taxes without Charles could not collect taxes without Parliament’s approvalParliament’s approval

1)1) Charles dismissed Parliament after signing Charles dismissed Parliament after signing itit

6. Charles VS 6. Charles VS Parliament Parliament

a.a. Charles persecution of Puritans and abuse Charles persecution of Puritans and abuse of the judicial system led to a deteriorating of the judicial system led to a deteriorating relationship with Parliament.relationship with Parliament.

b.b. Charles needed more money to invade Charles needed more money to invade Scotland, Parliament refusedScotland, Parliament refused

c.c. Charles imprisoned members of Parliament Charles imprisoned members of Parliament who refused to vote for tax increases, who refused to vote for tax increases, violating the Petition of Rightviolating the Petition of Right

d.d. 1642, Parliament begins raising an army as 1642, Parliament begins raising an army as the king has violated the petition of rightthe king has violated the petition of right

Brief ReviewBrief Review

Why did parliament and James I clash?Why did parliament and James I clash?

Why did parliament and Charles I clash?Why did parliament and Charles I clash?

What is the Divine Right of Monarchy?What is the Divine Right of Monarchy?

What is the Petition of Right?What is the Petition of Right?

Why did Parliament take up arms against the Why did Parliament take up arms against the King? Were they justified?King? Were they justified?

II. The English II. The English CommonwealthCommonwealth

Reading – The English CommonwealthReading – The English Commonwealth

III. Stuart Restoration III. Stuart Restoration (1660)(1660)

A.A. Following Cromwell’s death, many longed Following Cromwell’s death, many longed for a return to monarchyfor a return to monarchy

B. Charles II (1660-B. Charles II (1660-1685)1685)

1.1. Parliament invited Parliament invited Charles II, Son of Charles II, Son of Charles I, to come back Charles I, to come back to Englandto England

2.2. He accepted the He accepted the invitation on the invitation on the condition that the condition that the regicidesregicides be put to be put to deathdeath

3.3. He accepted the Magna He accepted the Magna Carta, Petition of Right Carta, Petition of Right and religious tolerationand religious toleration

4.4. Kept his religious views Kept his religious views to himselfto himself

C. James II (1685-1688)C. James II (1685-1688)

1.1. Brother of Charles IIBrother of Charles II

2.2. advocated tolerance advocated tolerance for Catholics.for Catholics.

3.3. placed Catholics in placed Catholics in important positionsimportant positions

4.4. Parliament tolerated Parliament tolerated him since he was old him since he was old and his daughters and his daughters Mary and Anne were Mary and Anne were ProtestantProtestant

IV. The Glorious IV. The Glorious Revolution of 1688Revolution of 1688

A.A. In 1688 James II had a new son who was to be raised In 1688 James II had a new son who was to be raised CatholicCatholic

1. Parliament did not want a Catholic Monarchy1. Parliament did not want a Catholic Monarchy

B. B. Parliament invited Mary, daughter of James, and her Parliament invited Mary, daughter of James, and her Dutch Protestant Husband William of Orange to Dutch Protestant Husband William of Orange to assume the Throne.assume the Throne.

C.C. James II fled to France.James II fled to France.

D.D. W & M’S reign marked the supremacy of Parliament W & M’S reign marked the supremacy of Parliament because now monarchs ruled with the consent of because now monarchs ruled with the consent of Parliament and not Divinity.Parliament and not Divinity.

E.E. William and Mary signed the William and Mary signed the English Bill of rightsEnglish Bill of rights