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The English Renaissance pg 276
1485-1660“Rebirth”
• Began in in 14th century Italy
• Began in England after the War of the Roses, Henry VII
The English Renaissance
• Medieval period focused on religion and the after life
• Renaissance stressed humanity on earth
• Arts, literature, beauty in nature, human impulses, a new mastery over the world
• Questioned timeworn truths (flatlanders)
• Challenged authority
The English Renaissance
Renaissance Man
• A many-faceted person who cultivated his innate talents to the fullest
Thirst for Knowledge
• Great burst of exploration – culminates in Columbus’ arrival in New World in 1492
• Compass developed
• Advances in field of astronomy
• Growing sense of nationalism
• Protestant reformation
The English Renaissance
• Henry VII son (Arthur) married Catherine of Aragon, daughter of King Ferdinand of Spain, England’s greatest new World rival
• Arthur died, Pope allowed Arthur’s younger brother (Henry VIII) to marry Catherine
• This would prove to be a problem
The English Renaissance
Henry VIII
• Succeeded his father in 1509
• A true Renaissance prince
• Skilled athlete, poet, musician…
• Asked the church for permission to divorce Catherine after 18 yrs and only one female child--Mary
HENRY VIII
• The Pope refused Henry’s request for a divorce
• Henry broke with Rome in 1534, declared himself head of the Church of England or Anglican Church
• Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn, she produced a daughter—Elizabeth
• Anne was later executed for adultery
Queen Mary
• Restored Pope, Catholicism
• Married Philip of Spain
• Executed approx. 300 protestants
• These executions are why she’s known as “Bloody Mary”
The Elizabethan Era
• The unwanted daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
• Strong, clever, educated in Greek & Latin, patron of the arts
• Re-established monarchy’s position over Anglican Church, restored Book of Common Prayer
• Believed in religious tolerance, lowered taxes, in favor of public education
Queen Elizabeth I
• Never married—”The Virgin Queen”
• She was the inspiration for Spenser’s “The Faerie Queene”
• Supported Sir Walter Raleigh
-introduced tobacco and potatoes
-Tried for treason, imprisoned in Tower of London
-finally executed in 1618
Spanish Armada--1588
• Spain refused to recognize England’s claim to America—sent 130 ships
• They claimed English privateers were plundering Spanish ships
• 8-day battle aided by a storm; England became known as a great sea power
King James I
• Did NOT believe in religious tolerance; persecuted Puritans
• 1604—King James I appointed scholars to create a new translation of the Bible, promoted the use of English language (King James Version)
The English Renaissance
• Following Queen Eliz I, came King James
• 1605—The Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament—Guy Fawkes Day (Nov 5 celebrate)
• 1606—Shakespeare's “Macbeth” produced
The English Renaissance
• 1629 Charles I dismissed Parliament for 11 years
• Thousands migrated to N. America, mostly Puritans
• Long Parliament
Evolution of Poetry
• Lyric poetry was favorite
• Sonnet perfected; sonnet cycles became very popular
• Edmund Spenser wrote The Faerie Queene (epic, intricate verse w/ rich imagery)