The English Civil War

1629-1660

The Stuart Monarchy

Causes of the War

• James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England in 1603

• He agreed to uphold the Protestant religion

• He wrote the King James version of the Bible - Authorized Version

• Firm believer in Divine Right of Kings

James I [r. 1603-1625]James I’s speech to the House of Commons:

I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be permitted such an institution to come into existence. I am a stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot get rid of!

King James Bible, 1611

Charles I 1625-1649

• Signed Petition of Rights led to problems

• A) no taxes w/o consent of Parliament

• B) no martial law

• C) no quartering of troops

• D) no imprisonment w/o specific charge

The Petition of Rights, 1628

“The Stuart Magna Carta”

Charles I [r. 1625-1649]

Dissolution of Parliament• 1629 -1640 Charles didn’t

summon Parl. - he thought the could rule by himself

• Reinstated Star Chamber

• Appointed Archbishop Laud to enforce changes with the church - Common Prayer Book

• Enforced ship money

• Married RC French princess - Henrietta Maria

• Fought with Scots (KIRK - Church)

Ship Money Assessments, 1636[per square mile]

Archbishop William Laud

1640 - Long Parliament

• Charles needed money so he had to recall Parl. - this upset many people.

• Charles went to Parl. To arrest 5 MP’s -(Black Rod) “I see the bird’s have flown”

Civil War (1621-1649)

Royalists(Cavaliers)Royalists(Cavaliers)

Parliamentarians(Roundheads)

Parliamentarians(Roundheads)

a House of Lords

a N & W England

a Aristocracy

a Large landowners

a Church officials

a More rural, less prosperous

† House of Commons

† S & E England

† Puritans

† Merchants

† Townspeople

† More urban , more prosperous

Cavaliers

• Supporters of the King

Roundheads

• Supported Parliament.• Name comes from the

shape of the haircut.• Mainly Puritans

Oliver Cromwell• Puritan leader of New

Model Army.• Signed the King’s death

warrant• Became Lord Protector of

the Commonwealth - (Republic) 1649 - 1658.

• Invited to become King - refused.

• Bad reputation in Ireland - hated to this day.

• Followed by Richard Cromwell - weak

New Model Army Soldier’s Catechism

Battle of Naseby

• Decisive battle of the war - 1645.

• Parliament’s first victory

Rump Parliament

• This was the name given to the members of Parliament who were left after the Scottish Presbyterians were kicked out b/c they wanted to do a deal with the king.

• The Rump were responsible for signing the king’s death warrant

Execution of Charles I 1649

3 Faces of Charles

Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658]The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660]

† The Commonwealth(1649-1653)

† The Protectorate(1654-1660)