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THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE
Which is the major exhaust product?
1.carbon monoxide 2.nitrogen oxide3. sulphur dioxide 4.carbon dioxide5. krypton monoflouride
OUTLINE
• To show the direct relationship between engine emissions and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere---- and global warming.
• To provide courses of action.
The Planet
The Engine
winter winter
summer summer
CO2 Level
Season
HappyPlanet !
REGULAR BREATHING
The real planet we live on
GASOLINE OR COAL OR NATURAL GAS ALWAYS
PRODUCES CARBON DIOXIDE AND
WATER WHEN BURNED IN AIR
Other products too in very small amounts.What are they?
Burning hydrocarbon fuels MUST produce carbon dioxide and
water
Thus , 1 gallon of gasoline produces 18 lbs of carbon
dioxide
On a holiday trip of 200 miles an average car puts 300 lbs of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. It stays here for 100 years.
How many road vehicles are there in the world?
1 5 million?
2 50 million?
3 500 million?
4 5 billion?
5 5 trillion zillion?
500 MILLION VEHICLES IN THE WORLD BURN 2 GALLONS EACH PER DAY
That is more than 3 billion tons (3,000,000,000 Kg) of carbon dioxide
per year into the atmosphere!!
Our Atmosphere is very Thin
The Atmosphere • The atmosphere of the earth is mainly
Nitrogen (78%) and Oxygen (21%) by volume.
• Carbon dioxide (a green house gas) is only around 0.038%.
Mass of the Atmosphere is 5.2 thousand trillion tons
ma p0A /gp
04R2 /g
F ma
5.2 1018 Kg
5.2 1018Kg
5.2 1018Kg
5.2 1018Kg
5.2 1018 Kg
The vehicles added 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide per
year.
The mass of the atmosphere is 5.2 thousand trillion tons
mass of co2 added per year
mass of atmosphere
31012 Kg
5.2 1018 Kg 5.8 10 7
This is approximately 0.6 parts ofCarbon Dioxide per million parts of atmospheric mass per year.(in volume units it is 0.44 ppmv/yr)
This is for vehicles only (add powerplants etc. and it comes to1 to 2 ppmv/yr)
CO2
YEAR
Greenhouse effect
QuickTime™ and aMotion JPEG OpenDML decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
GLOBAL SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE
Kilimanjaro
floods….
……and famine
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX VS. ENERGY USE
From A Pasternack LLNL Rep. No. UCLR-ID 140773 (Oct. 2000)
Carbon dioxide Information center CDIAC.ORNL.GOV
INDIA CO2 EMISSIONS
INDIA CO2/capita
US CO2/capita
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov
US CO2 emissions
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov
• Carbon emissions are related to:
• Population (N)
• amount of carbon to make a unit of energy (C/E)
• energy usage per unit of GDP (E/GDP)
• GDP/capita (GDP/N)
Kaya Identity
C N GDP
NE
GDPC
E
N = populationGDP = Gross Domestic Product E = energy usageC=carbon into the atmosphere
Population(N)
GDP/N
E/GDP
C/E
Projections for Kaya
Hoffert et al“Nature” V.39529 Oct. 1998
CO2 and global warming are due to:
Population increase (demography, geography,economics,sociology,psychology,history….)
Increase in standard of living (development,sociology,economics,business,engineering
,government………… )
The amount of carbon we use to produce the energy(engineering,
chemistry,physics,materials science…….)
The energy usage per unit of GDP(business, economics,engineering,operations
research……..)
ACTION
1.Internalization
2.Education/Research
3.Outreach
4. Examine Tradition
The Planet
The Engine
China CO2 emissions
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov
China CO2/capita
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov
Italy CO2 emissions
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov
Italy CO2/capita
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov
France CO2 emissions
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov
France CO2/capita
Carbon dioxide Information Center cdiac.ornl.gov
• 1990 5.9 billion tons of C added.• 2006 6.3 billion tons of C added.• To cut to 2 billion tons (the 1955 value) by
2100 with the anticipated rate of GDP/capita and power /GDP decline the carbon/power will have to be 10% of today’s value.
winter winter
summer summer
CO2 Level
Season
HappyPlanet !
summer
REGULAR BREATHING
THE ENGINE AND THE ATMOSPHERE
