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the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
A diverse collection of glands that make and release hormones into the circulatory system
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Endocrine SystemNervous System Control other systems
But …
Nervous system is fast (msec)“digital” (all or none)effects end quickly
Endocrine system is slow“analog”has long‐lasting effects
Q: What is the key anatomical difference between an endocrine gland and a sweat gland??
Q: Similarities??
the CASTRATIYoung boys with good voices: castration
Europe/Asia: church & opera (17th & 18th century)
Result? “ …the range of a soprano, but the greater development of the male lungs gave their singing remarkable power … their timbre is as clear and piercing as that of choirboys and much more powerful; they appear to sing an octave above the natural voice of women. Their voices…are brilliant, light, full of sparkle, very loud, and astound with a very wide range.”
Hormone MECHANISM OF ACTION
Hormone solubility constrains how they interact with target cells …
WHY??
Receptor Location
Steroid hormone crosses cell membrane by diffusion
Enters nucleus
Binds to receptor molecule
Turns a gene “on”
A new protein is made
Methandrostenolone (metandienone, methandienone, Averbol, Dianabol, Danabol, DBOL) is an orally‐effective anabolic steroid
‐ Ciba Pharmaceutical‐ Suspicions about Soviet Block Olympic athletes‐ Used by “Arnold” and many other body builders‐ Given to U.S. weightlifters in the 1964(?) Olympics‐ Now banned by the FDA