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The Endocrine System
Image Source:
http://drmikewellness.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/Bio-Identical-Hormones-2.jpg
This presentation may contain material protected under copyright law. This material was obtained and used following a reasoned analysis of the Fair Use exemption for educators. This presentation may not be reproduced.
Objectives
After this Module the learner will be able to:
Understand the components of the Endocrine System
Understand how those components work together as a unit
What is the Endocrine System?
The Endocrine System is a body system of glands that secrete chemical messages to be transferred to organs throughout the body.
This system is a link between the brain and the organs that control the body (i.e. Mood, Metabolism, Growth & Development, and Reproduction)
Pineal gland (hypothalamus)
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal gland Pancreas
Ovary
Testes Image Source:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Illu_endocrine_system.png References
Click the movie icon below to watch a video
about the Endocrine System
Pineal gland (a.k.a. Hypothalamus)
Located in the lower central part of the brain
Direct link between the endocrine system and the nervous system
The pineal gland secretes hormones which either suppress or stimulate the secretions from the pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ! ! !
Secretes multiple hormones which control the rest of the glands in the endocrine system
Influenced by factors including emotions and seasonal changes
How does it work
The Relay of Information
Pituitary gland sends hormonal messages
out to the body
Pituitary Gland senses hormones form Pineal
gland
Brain senses sunlight
Pineal gland detects Brain Message
Pituitary gland (continued)
Produces endorphins which work with the nervous system to reduce sensitivity to pain
Produces sex hormones which signal the testes and ovaries to make sex hormones
Controls the ovulation and menstrual cycles in women
Divided into two parts1. 1) Anterior lobe 2. 2) Posterior lobe
Anterior Lobe The purpose for the anterior lobe is
to regulate the processes of thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands.
It produces four main hormones1. Growth Hormone- Bone and tissue
development.
2. Prolactin- Activates milk production in women that are breast feeding.
3. Thyrotropin- Stimulates thyroid to produce thyroid hormones.
4. Corticotropin- Stimulates adrenal gland to produce hormones.
Posterior Lobe
Produces antidiuretic hormones which control the water balance in our bodies. (i.e. urine and kidney output)
Produces oxytocin which helps control uterine contractions during the female labor.
Thyroid gland
Produces the hormones thyroxine & triiodothyronine
These hormones control the rate that the body burns fuel to produce energy
Also help control bone, brain, and nervous system development
Attached to the thyroid are four smaller glands called the parathyroid. These glands produce two hormones.1. Parathyroid- Regulates calcium levels in the blood
2. Calcitonin- Helps the parathyroid hormone
Thymus
IMPORTANT TO THE IMMUNE SYSTEM ! ! !
Produces lymphocytes which mature into T cells
T Cells help fight against infection.
Thymus (drawing)
Image Source:
http://topicstock.pantip.com/chalermthai/topicstock/2007/11/A6027172/A6027172-48.jpg
Adrenal gland
Each person contains two of these, One located on top of each kidney
Made up of two parts1. Adrenal cortex2. Adrenal medulla
Adrenal Cortex
Produces hormones called Orticosteroids which regulate salt and water balance in the body, the body's response to stress, metabolism, the immune system, and sexual development and function.
Adrenal Medulla
Produces catecholamines; such as epinephrine, which is better known as adrenaline
Injections of epinephrine are used for severe allergic reactions. (i.e. epipen)
Pancreas
Produces two important hormones1. Insulin2. Glucagon
Both hormones work together to make sure the body maintains the right amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood.
Pancreas (drawing)
Image Source:
http://www.knowledgerush.com/wiki_image/a/a3/Pancreas.jpg
Ovaries
Produce two main hormones1. Estrogen- involved in the development of female
sexual features, pregnancy, and regulation of menstrual
cycle
2. Progesterone- involved in pregnancy and the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Testes
Produce hormones called androgens the most important being testosterone; These hormones regulate body changes associated with sexual development
Along with hormones from the pituitary gland, testosterone also aids the production of sperm by the testes.
The Endocrine System
Video Source:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/101396/107032/Hormones-secreted-by-the-glands-of-the-endocrine-system-are
References
endocrine system, human. [Video]. Retrieved October 10, 2010, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/101396/107032/Hormones-secreted-by-the-glands-of-the-endocrine-system-are
Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. S. (2002). Biology. Prentice Hall