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The End of the Ottoman Empire
The Turkish Republic was established in 1923. The Empire had been in a state of decline for several centuries. The inability to keep up with industrial and scientific developments, social and political unrest and wars had sapped its strength. The First World War signaled its end. The Ottoman’s were on the losing side of the war and the British were given most of it’s former empire. As the Empire crumbled, its Turkish nucleus rose up in a War of Liberation against the invading powers and the Sultan’s government.
End of the Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople
Creator of Modern Turkey
Kemal Ataturk
“Ataturk”means
“Father of the Turks”
Ataturk’s Reform Program
Ataturk’s Reform Program Capital moved from Constantinople to
Ankara.
Secularism Qur’an in Turkish translation.
Adoption of a republican constitution and aSwiss civil code.
Westernization & nationalism:
Compulsory, secular education.
Banning the fez.
Western [Roman] script.
Western clothing.
Women unveiled & given full citizenship and the right to vote.
Capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara.
Secularism Qur’an in Turkish translation.
Adoption of a republican constitution and aSwiss civil code.
Westernization & nationalism:
Compulsory, secular education.
Banning the fez.
Western [Roman] script.
Western clothing.
Women unveiled & given full citizenship and the right to vote.
Modern Turkey
Banned Traditional _______.
Women urged to _______.
Replaced the Arabian Alphabet with the _____________Alphabet
Dress
Vote
Latin
People and Culture
Ethnic Turks make up _____ percent of the population.
_______ make up the rest of the population.
Urban middle class Turks match the Middle Class of_____________
80
Kurds
Europe
Economy
Turkey's economy is a complex mix of traditional craftsmanship and modern industries,
The country's large agriculture sector, which ranked 7th in the world in terms of production output in 2005,
Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in industry, banking, transport, and communications.
What type of economy does Turkey have? __________
MIXED
Economy of TurkeyCurrency New Turkish lira (YTL)
GDP (PPP) $941.6 billion[1] (2008 est.) (15)
GDP per capita $13,511[1] (2008 est.)
GDP by sectoragriculture: 8.9%, industry: 30.8%, services: 59.3%[3] (2007 est.)
Populationbelow poverty line
13%[3] (2007)
Labour forceby occupation
agriculture: 35.9%, industry: 22.8%, services: 41.2%[3] (3rd qtr. 2004)
Main industriestextiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Export goodstextiles, foodstuffs, metal manufactures, transport equipment, electronics, home appliances
Main export partners
Germany 11.3%, United Kingdom 8%, Italy 7.9%, United States 6%, France 5.4%, Spain 4.4%[3] (2006)
Government and ReligionMost people in Turkey are
______
The government is _______ which means religion is kept separate from government
Muslim
Secular
Type of GovernmentTurkey has a ____________________________ form of government.
What does that mean?
The president and prime minister share _____________ power.
parliamentary democracy
A means that the political power is held by an elected parliament representing the people.
Executive
The Hebrews established a nation they called Israel on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. About 1300BCE, many Hebrews moved to Egypt to escape a famine. At first, the Hebrews were treated well in Egypt, but in time they were enslaved by the Egyptians.
The Jews, were conquered by several other cultures over the years but always rose up and regained control of their land. When the ____________ spread to Israel and the Jews were once again a conquered people. They tried to rise up and revolt against the Romans but the Romans countered by destroying their _________and killing or enslaving most of Jerusalem’s population. Many of the Jews fled, never to return to their homeland again beginning a period known as the_________. Most Jews were forced to live as minorities in many different lands throughout the world.
Roman Empire
temple
Diaspora
The Middle East in 1914
The Middle East in 1914
ZionismZionism
Theodore Herzl1860-1904
Theodore Herzl1860-1904
GOALS:The spiritual andpolitical renewal ofthe Jewish people.
Return of the Jewish people to their ancienthomeland of present day Palestine.
Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.
GOALS:The spiritual andpolitical renewal ofthe Jewish people.
Return of the Jewish people to their ancienthomeland of present day Palestine.
Freedom from Western anti-Semitism.
Palestine Was Part of the
Ottoman Empire
Palestine Was Part of the
Ottoman Empire
When the Ottoman Empire fell,
Palestine became part of Britain
When the Ottoman Empire fell,
Palestine became part of Britain
Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 In 1920, there
was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine.
By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew.
In 1920, there
was 1 Jew toevery 10 Arabs inPalestine.
By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs forevery Jew.
The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”
The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!”
The “Arab Legion” of the
British Army During WW2
The “Arab Legion” of the
British Army During WW2
Hitler’s
“FinalSolutio
n”
Hitler’s
“FinalSolutio
n”
The Jewish population in each country in 1942.
The Jewish population in each country in 1942.
The Nazi HolocaustThe Nazi Holocaust
6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]
6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.]
U. N. Partition Plan of 1947
U. N. Partition Plan of 1947
Israel Becomes a Nation:
May 14, 1948
Israel Becomes a Nation:
May 14, 1948
David Ben-Gurion,
1st Prime Minister
David Ben-Gurion,
1st Prime Minister
Chaim Weizmann,
1st President
Chaim Weizmann,
1st President
War Begins!: May 15, 1948
War Begins!: May 15, 1948
Six DayWar-1967Six DayWar-1967
Israel captures territories that were under the control of the Palestinians. These areas include________________,
_____________, and ________________.
These territories are still under dispute by the Palestinians who view any Jewish settlement here as an invasion of their land.
Gaza
East JerusalemThe West Bank
The Palestinian Liberation Organization
The Palestinian Liberation Organization
Palestinian AuthorityPalestinian Authority
In 2005 Israel transferred control of Gaza to the Palestinians
Government and Religion80% of people in Israel are
______
Since Judaism affects all aspects of daily life, it is hard to say that it has no effect in Israeli government
The prime minister has executive power while the _____________ or parliament has the legislative power.
Jewish
Knesset
Isra
el in
the F
utu
re As Israel struggles with how to maintain its strength and freedom in one of the most hostile regions in the world, it must also come to grips with the fact that some type of peaceful solution must be worked out with the Palestinians and its Arab neighbors if it hopes to survive into the future.
