The Encyclopedia of Philosophy

TheEncyclopedia

of PhilosophyEdited by Dr Paul Edwards,City University of New York

The most comprehensive and authoritativephilosophy reference work in English

Eight volumes, 4,300 pages, five millionwords

1,450 signed articles, 500 contributorsfrom 24 countries, international editorialboard of 153 scholars

all major articles followed by individualbibliographies

index of 38,000 entries

a vital reference source for sociologists,historians, theologists, mathematicians—provides useful background reading forstudents

price £88

Detailed illustrated brochure available from

Collier-Macmillan Limited(Dept. EP 11)10 South Audley Street, London W l

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 01 Dec 2021 at 04:44:00, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use.

https://www.cambridge.org/core

Vol. vra No. 2

DECEMBER 1966

RATIOedited by Stephan Kdrner (Bristol)

ISAAC LEVI On Potential Surprise

HECTOR-NBRI CASTANEDA "He" : A Study in the Logic of Self-Consciousness

R. M. MARTIN On Theoretical Entities

ROBERT W. BEARD "The Will to Believe" Revisited

Reviews:RUSH RHEES: The Philosophy of Wittgenstein (George Pitcher)A. C. EWINO: The Case for Rationalism against Modem Philo-

sophical Trends

Price 158. Animal subscription: 27s. 6d. net

BASIL BLACKWELL . OXFORD

All communications regarding

advertising should be addressed

to the Advertisement Managers . . .

T. G. SCOTT & SON, LTD.

1 Clement's Inn Strand

London, W.C.2

Telephone 01-405-4743

Rates and circulation details on request



THE AUSTRALASIAN JOURNALOF PHILOSOPHYEdited by A. K. STOUT

ARTCXES:

Hector-Neri C&staneda: Imperatives, oughtsand moral oughts.

Maurice Charlesworth: Meaning and use.D. Z. Phillips: Religion and epistemology:

some contemporary confusions.David Makinson: How meaningful a n modal

operators?Kent Wilson: A note on significant contrast

arguments.R. H. Kane: Turing machines and mental

reports.

CRITICAL NOTICES:

J. E. McGechie on Brian EUis's Basic conceptsof measurement.

Walter Cerf on W. B. CaUie's Philosophy andthe historical understanding.

REVIEWS, BOOKS RECEIVED, NOTES AND NEWS.VOL. 44 DECEMBER, 1966 No. 3

Published in May, August and December:Annual Subscription £1 Is Sterling (£1 tomembers of the Australasian Association ofPhilosophy, which you are invited to Join) Asample copy and other information may beobtained from the Department of Philosophy,Vnttersity of Sydney, NSW

THE PHILOSOPHICAL QUARTERLYContents of Volume 17, No. 66, January 1967

I. Experiences: / . M. Hinton

II. Remembering Dreams: Frederick A.Siegler

III. Meaning and the Use of Words:D. M. Taylor

TV. One-Valued Logic: C. L. Hamblin

V. The Nature and Classes of Prescrip-tive Judgments: Amartya K. Sen

VI. Discussion:

Family Resemblance: L. Pompa

VII. Book Reviews

VIII. list of Books Received

Edited by G. P. Henderson with the assistanceof Roland Hall, and published for the ScotsPhilosophical Club by the University of StAndrews.

Price twenty-five shillings per annum (inU.S.A. $4.00), post free, for orders placeddirectly with the Treasurer (Miss J. S. M.Allan, The University, St Andrews, Scotland)or the Assistant Treasurer (Prof. V. C.Chappell, Dept. of Philosophy, University ofChicago, Chicago 37, Illinois, U.S.A.). Fororders placed through booksellers or agentsthe price is thirty shillings per annum (inU.S.A. $5.00).

THE HIBBERT JOURNALrational, liberal, empirical

Edited by H. L. SHORT

Contents of the Spring issue include:

Ethical studies:Rcinhold Niebuhr on ethics, WARREN K. A. THOMPSON

Stephenism, MBYRICK H. CARRE

Is there a limit? G. W. BUTTERWORTH

Moral key-words in translation, H, L. SHORT

The influence of Homer Lane (3), W. DAVID WILLS

Diary of a Sudanese student (2), FRANCIS M. DENO

Story: Aftermath, JAMES MACALPINB

Poetry, new books, etc.

Annual Subscription, 13s. 6d. post free. Single Copies 3s. 6d. net

A free specimen copy of a back number will be sent on request

GEORGE ALLEN&UNWIN LIMITED40 MUSEUM ST. LONDON. WCI



Merleau-Ponty's Critique of Reason

BY THOMAS LANGAN

When struck down in 1961 at the relatively young age of 52, MauriceMerleau-Ponty had already acquired the reputation of a giant amongcontemporary philosophers. His brilliant vision and pertinent criticismsof psychology, Marxism, anthropology, language, and the arts continueto evoke enthusiasm, and, more importantly, his work represents arevealing development of deep tendencies in the tradition that flowsfrom Hegel and Marx to Sartre and Heidegger. This study reviews theentire course of Merleau-Ponty's thought, and analyses the difficultiesthat face such a critical philosophy. 45s net

Metaphysics, Reference, and Language

BY JAMES W. CORNMAN

As he investigates new approaches to metaphysical problems,Professor Cornman both uses and criticises the tools of contemporaryanalysis, comparing traditional solutions to the mind-body problem, hisrepresentative issue, with linguistic approaches. His crucial discussionof linguistic reference uncovers the paradoxthat while non-philosophershave no difficulty in knowing what they are talking about, philosophersfind it virtually impossible to discover what the words they use refer to.56s net.

YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS

70 Great Russell Street London WC1



INQUIRYAn Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy and

the Social Sciences

Edited by ARNE NAESS

Volume 10 SPRING 1967 Number 1

Inquiry as a Transcendental ActivityA. C. GENOVA

Empirical Certainty and the Theory of Im-portant Criteria MICHAEL ANTHONY SLOTS

On Describing Colours BERNARD HARRISON

Can Heidegger be Understood?RICHARD ScHurrr

Seinsverlassenheit in the Later Philosophy ofHeidegger S. L. BARTKY

Discussions:

Negation and Deontic AssertionsROBERT L. HOLMES

On Our Knowledge of the Social WorldSTUART SILVERS

Reply to Silvers ARNOLD LEVISON

Renew Discussions:

New Essays on Plato and Aristotle (Ed. RenfordBambrough) JAAKKO HINTIKKA

Law and Psychology in Conflict (J. Marshall)PAUL K. FEYERABEND

Published quarterly by Universitetsforlaget, P.O.Box 307, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. Annualsubscription: 35*., 16.00 postage included.

RATIONALISTANNUAL: 1966

H. J. EYSENCKThe Place of Indoctrination in a World of

Rationalists

ANTONY FLEWEvolution and Ethics: Four Approaches

ALEX COMFORTA Technology of the Emotions

DEREK WRIGHTMorality and Religion: A Review of

Empirical Studies

BENJAMIN FARRINGTONThe Humanism of Epicurus

MAURICE GOLDSMITHThe Science of Science

J. W. SHEPHERDMoral Training and Psychology of

Learning

H. L. ELVINWells (1866-1966)

Cloth, Is. 6d. (postage 6d.)Paper, 5s. (postage 5d.)

BARRIE AND ROCKLIFF2 Clement's Inn, London, W.C.2.

in association withPEMBERTON PUBLISHING CO.

HOWES BOOKSHOP3 TRINITY STREET • HASTINGS

Catalogue 164, sent free on application, contains:

PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGYTHEOLOGY AND CHURCH HISTORY

CLASSICAL GREECE AND ROME

Scholarly catalogues published thrice yearlyLibraries and Collections purchased



BERTRAND RUSSELL

Philosophical EssaysThese essays stand exactly as originally published and the author hasmade no attempt to modify them to accord with the changes in hisopinions which have developed in the interval . ' . . . a vintage Russell,but as clean and astringent as when first bottled.'Times Literary Supplement. 30s.

SUSHIL KUMAR SAXENA

Studies in the Metaphysicsof BradleyShows a remarkable insight into Bradley's intention and way of thinking.

45s.

DON LOCKE

Perception andOur Knowledge of theExternal WorldDiscusses the philosophical problems of perception, beginning withan analysis of perception itself. 42s.

Edited by S. RADHAKRISHANand P. T. RAJU

The Concept of ManA STUDY IN COMPARATIVE PHILOSOPHYIndicates that the disagreements of religion, philosophy and sciencehave generated a new desire to know the nature and destiny of man.Second Edition. 42s.

ALICE AMBROSE

Essays in AnalysisEssays that range from questions concerning our knowledge of theexternal world to questions about logical entailment, mathematicalproof, and induction. 40s.

GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN40 Museum Street, London WC1



Philo-sophical

booksfirst appeared in January 1960. It is now editedby J. Kemp, Professor of Philosophy in theUniversity of Leicester.The Analysis Committeefunctions as the editorial board.

is devoted entirely to book reviews; its policyis to print informative notices and assessmentsof worthwhile new books as soon as possibleafter their publication. It is published threetimes a year, in January, May and October. Theannual subscription is 14s. (U.S. $2.00), andsingle copies cost 5s. ($1.00).

Subscriptions and orders for single copiesshould be sent to the Secretary, LeicesterUniversity Press, The University, Leicester,England; or may be placed through any book-seller.

LeicesterUniversity

Press



MAN, THE UNIVERSE AND MINDP. A. MORITZ

An inquiry into Perception, Object and World Theory problems102 pages. Card cover 8s. 6d.; Stiff washable cover 10s. 6d.

Supplementary to which is now available:

DIALECTICAL THINKING INEMPIRICAL ANALYSISby the same author

An exposd of the Consistency Calculus, Truth-Direction and ofInsight-Level progressions.80 pages. Duplicated. Printed card cover. 3s. 6d.

MARTIGAN PUBLICATIONSNethercot Mill, Combe Florey, Taunton, Somerset, England

AND OF ALL BOOKSELLERS.

MINDApril 1967

I. Husserl versus Frege: E. PIVCEVIGII. Propositions and Speech Acts: L. R. REINHARDT

III. The Argument from Illusion in Aristotle's Metaphysics (I\ 1009-10):A. KENNY

IV. Observation and Reality: D. W. THEOBALDV. On Avowing Reasons: N. S. CARE

VI. Visual Experiences: J. M. HINTONVII. Fact and Value: P. T. MACKENZIE

VIII. On Blaming: L. KENNERIX. An Ethical Paradox: B. COHENX. Discussion Notes:

Probability and the Theorem of Confirmation: W. TODDThe Space-Time World: C. W. K. MUNDLEEvidence for Creation: K. STERNOn Moore's Paradox: D. GOLDSTICKIn Reply to Professor Stephen Korner, on Science and Moral Re-sponsibility: R. HARRfiIn Defence of Euclid: A Reply to B. Meltzer: W. H. HALBERSTADTThird Possibilities and the Law of the Excluded Middle: R. WOOL-HOUSEA Note on the "Is-Ought" Barrier: M. ZIMMERMAN

XI. New BooksXII. Notes

Annual Subscription 25s post free; single copy Js 6d plus postagePublished for MIND ASSOCIATION by BASIL BLACKWELL, OXFORD



The complete thoughtof one of America'smajor contemporaryphilosophersTHE

TWO-STORYWORLDSelectedWritings ofJAMES K.FEIBLEMANEdited andwith anintroductionby HUNTINGTONCAIRNS

88s from yourbookseller, or fromthe publisher

"Feibleman is a philosophic syn-thesizer in the grand manner. Thisanthology amply bears out the uni-versality of Feibleman's system.Assembled from his voluminouswritings of the last 30 years, it in-cludes critical samples of histhought on a vast array of sub-jects, from morality and religion,through art criticism, to science,history, education, and literarycriticism. As an introduction to acomplex system of thought, thisanthology should prove to be ex-tremely useful."— Library Journal

"The work of Feibleman is mostimpressive for its wide range andfor its scholarly insight and crit-ical comment on a great variety ofthemes and problems." — Journalof the History of Philosophy

Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Ltd

116-120 Golden Lane, The Barbican, London E.C. 1



ESSAYS IN PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGYEdited by Donald F. Gustafson

Twenty essays by leading contemporary philosophers, including GilbertRyle, A. J. Ayer, J. L. Austin and P. F. Strawson, bearing on the natureof mind, intellect, will, action, emotion, and the mental processesthrough which human nature and behaviour must be understood.

25s, Paper 15s.

THE CREDIBILITY OF DIVINE EXISTENCE:THE COLLECTED PAPERS OF NORMAN KEMP SMITHEdited by G. E. Davie, R. D. Naclennan and A. J . D. Porteous

Articles which the author himself considered worthy of preservation inpermanent form, ranging from his early articles on Avenarius, Hume,the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and his lectures and papers onLocke, Bergson and Whitehead, to his logical work on Universals andhis views on God, Immortality and Fear. 50s.

MATERIAL OBJECTSW. D. Joske

The book discusses the interpretation of experiences as experiencesof a solipsistic universe, and argues that solipsism does not provide anadequate foundation for rationality. 30s.

Reissue

WHITEHEAD'S PHILOSOPHY OF ORGANISMDorothy Emmet

Professor Emmet has supplied a new preface calling attention todifficulties she had insufficiently noted and indicating respects in whichshe would now give a rather different interpretation to some aspects ofWhitehead's work. 30s.

Two books by Trevor Ling

BUDDHA, MARX AND GOD'This excellent book explores the past and future pattern of Buddhist-Marxist relations.'—Ninian Smart, Guardian 35s.

PROPHETIC RELIGIONA strongly emphasised argument pointing out the necessity, for anyChristian body, of a fully-balanced religious life and practice. 21s.

MACMILLAN



Back Issues of Journals

in

THE HUMANITIESAND SCIENCESalways required by

WM. DAWSON & SONS Ltd

Back Issues Department,

16 West Street

FARNHAM

Surrey, England

Telephone: 0251 3 4664

Cables: Dawbooks Farnham

THE BRITISH JOURNALOF AESTHETICS

A Journal for the understanding and apprecia-tion of the arts, and of the principles of

criticism.Editor: HAROLD OSBORNE

Volume 7, No. 2 April 1967

CONTENTSCurrent Aesthetic Fallacies

PHILIP HOBSBAUMByzantine Art as a Religious and Didactic Art

P. A. MICHELISThe Romantic Aesthetics of 1600

WLADYSLAW TATARKIEWICZColour-Defective Students in Colleges of Art

R. W. PICKFORDSymposium: Wittgenstein and Problems of

Objectivity in AestheticsCYRIL BARRETT, MARGARET PATON

and HARRY BLOCKERThe Architect as Artist

W. SINCLAIR GAULDIEA note on Objel Trouve RALPH BERRYArt and Contemporary Science

KENNETH COUTTS-SMTTHBook Reviews.

Published Quarterly for the British Society ofAesthetics by Thames & Hudson, Ltd, 30Bloomsbury St., W.C.I. Price £3 per annum(single issues 15/6) from the publishers orthrough any bookseller. The Journal is suppliedfree to members of the Society: subscriptiontwo guineas per annum. Forms of applicationfrom the Hon. Secretary, clo Department ofPhilosophy, Bedford College, Regent's Park,

London, N.W.I.

Philosophy,Poetry, HistoryAn Anthology of EssaysBENEDETTO CROCETranslated and Introduced byCECIL SPRIGGE

'The selection and arrangement give a reallystructural grasp of Croce's thought, and thetranslation is masterly: it is beautifully andlimpidly readable.' Kathleen Nott in TheObserver 1 plate £5 5* net

Wittgenstein'sLogical AtomismJAMES GRIFFIN

In this study, now reprinted, of the centralphilosophical topics of Tractatus Logico-Pkilosophicus, the author's aim is to under-stand Wittgenstein's programme of analysis.25s netOxford Classical and PhilosophicalMonographs

The Meaning ofStoicismLUDWIG EDELSTEIN

In an elegant essay, originally delivered asthe Martin Classical Lectures, a greatscholar attempts to define Stoicism bygrasping the common element in the variousschools that have existed since the time ofZeno and his followers. 21s netHarvard University Press

OXFORDUNIVERSITYPRESS



£2.1.0

Treasury ofTHOUGHTby DAGOBERT D. RUNES

This volume is truly and doubly a "Treasury": With itseasy-to-read structure of brief entries in alphabetical order,it is a treasure-house of observations on life and death,civilisation and savagery, the universe and Beyond—theGreat Topics which have challenged man's thought, whetherin passionate public debate or in the lonely stillness of hisnights, ever since he first raised his eyes to the stars. At thesame time, this is a "personal treasury" of the intimatethoughts of an outstanding modern philosopher on theseGreat Topics.

Dr Dagobert D. Runes is the author of over thirty booksin the field of philosophy and social history. The late AlbertEinstein said that his ". . . expressed opinions are closelyakin to those I hold . . ." and who has been saluted byAlbert Schweitzer in these words: "We both travel on thesame path to bring to mankind a deeply ethical, deeplyspiritual consciousness."

PHILOSOPHICAL LIBRARY, INC.15 East 40th Street, New York 16,N.Y.



Philosophy, Politics and SocietyThird Series

Edited by PETER LASLETT and W. G. RUNCIMANPolitical philosophy is not being conducted with the range andconfidence of the classical theorists. But, as these ten papers show,it has decidedly not abdicated from its proper concern with importantissues. About 35s. net

Religion and UnderstandingEdited by D. Z. PHILLIPS

In these collected papers the editor sees as a common thread thecentrality of the concept of understanding in relation to religion,and considers that the analyses their authors give of religious beliefgo far towards showing what 'true' religion is. About 35J. net

Wittgenstein und der Wiener KreisConversations recorded by F. Waismann

Edited by B. F. McGUINESSIn these conversations with Schlick and Waismann, Wittgensteinexpounded views similar to those of Philosophische Bemerkungen,defended some of the doctrines of the Tractatus, while criticisingothers, and occasionally reacted to the criticisms of his interlocutors.They were recorded in shorthand, and have been transcribed inGerman for the present edition. About 35s. net

Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Memoirand Letters

PAUL ENGELMANNTranslated by L. FURTMULLER

Engelmann was a friend and disciple of Wittgenstein's at just thetime when Wittgenstein was composing his Tractus. He was intenselyinterested in cultural and (in a wide sense) religious questions;it is from this side that his Memoir illuminates Wittgenstein. Thereare also about 50 letters of Wittgenstein in German and English.

About 35s. netReprint

Being and TimeMARTIN HEIDEGGER

Translated by J. MACQUARRIE and E. ROBINSONA knowledge of Heidegger's Sein und Zeit is essential for anyonewho wishes to understand a great deal of recent continental workin theology and philosophy. The translators have succeeded inclothing Heidegger's thought in English without sacrificing therichness and poetic subtlety of the original.

About 63s. net

-BASIL BLACKWELL-Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 01 Dec 2021 at 04:44:00, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use.


-{V

The Journal of Philosophy

A BIWEEKLY journal containing philosophical articles of current interestand encouraging the interchange of ideas. Editors: John H. Randall,Jr., Arthur Danto, Sidney Morgenbesser, Charles D. Parsons, andJames J. Walsh. $7.50 a year; to students, $6.00; 50 cents a copy.

Now AVAILABLE: Cumulative Fifty-year Index, 1904-1953; articlesclassified by subject and author; 452 p., cloth, $12.00. Also,Ten-year Supplement, 1954-1963; $3.00 cloth, $2.00 paperbound.Both Indexes, bound together, $15.00.

BACK NUMBERS and volumes: 1960to 1966 (LVII to LXin), 50c/issue,$12.00/volume; 1940 to 1959(xxxviitoLVi),75c/issue, $18/volume;1904 to 1939 (i to xxxvi), $l/issue, $24/volume.

720 Philosophy Hall, Columbia University, New York 10027

FOUNDATIONS OF LANGUAGEInternational Journal of Language and Philosophy

Editorial Board: Morris Halle (MIT), Peter Hartmann (Miinster/W), K. KunjunniRaja (Madras), Benson Mates (Univ. of California), J. F. Staal (Amsterdam),

Pieter A. Verburg (Groningen), John W. M. Verhaar (Manila).

VOLUME 2 No. 4 NOVEMBER 1966

Articles: Archibald A. Hill: Non-Grammatical Prerequisites—Anatol Rapoport,Amnon Rapoport, William P. Livant, John Boyd: A Study of Semantic Space—B. K. Matilal: Indian Theorists on the Nature of the Sentence (yakyd). Discussion:On a Misapprehension of the Status of Theories in Linguistics, by Y. Bar-Hillel.Reviews by Martha Kneale, Kurt Rudolf Fischer, James D. McCawley, PeterSgall, Jacek Fisiak, Fritz Guttinger, and Barbara M. H. Strang.

FOUNDATIONS OF LANGUAGE is published quarterly

Annual subscription price/42.— ($11.75; 84s.)

D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY / DORDRECHT-HOLLAND



Documents

The Encyclopedia of Philosophy