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The Emergence of Civilization. Prehistory. Exploring Prehistory. Anthropologists - Study skeletal remains to see what early people looked like and how they lived. Donald Johanson -”Lucy” 3 million years ago Mary Leakey- 3.7 million years ago - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Emergence of Civilization
Prehistory
Exploring Prehistory
• Anthropologists- Study skeletal remains to see what early people looked like and how they lived.
• Donald Johanson-”Lucy” 3 million years ago• Mary Leakey- 3.7 million years ago
• Archaeologists- study their artifacts and determine how they lived and what their culture was like.
“Lucy”
Paleolithic Age-Old Stone Age
• Glacier climate• Hunter-gatherers• Nomadic• Cave Paintings• Technology:
– Tools of stone, bone and wood– Fire– Later…Bow and arrow, fish hooks
Cave PaintingsLascaux in France
Mesolithic Age- Middle Stone Age
• New environments developed• Many large animals became extinct-
smaller game hunted• Fishing• Beginning of agriculture• Some permanent settlements• Technology:
• Tools developed for specific tasks• Stone sickles
Neolithic Age- New Stone Age
• First towns and cities appear• Advent of writing- History begins• Produce their own food• Animals domesticated• Agricultural Revolution• Technology:
• Made baskets and pottery• Wove cloth• Bronze and then Iron Age• Invention of the wheel and the Sail• Irrigation• Plow and ox teams
Four regions of first civilization
• Nile River Valley- Egypt
• Tigris and Euphrates Valley- Iraq
• Indus River Valley- India
• Huang or Yellow River Valley- China
Map of first civilizations
Characteristics of civilization
• People are able to produce a surplus of food
• People establish cities and town with some form of government
• People perform different jobs• Advent of the calendar• A writing system
Hieroglyphics- Early Writing
Assignment
• 5 paragraph argumentative essay-• Explain how any country, other than the
United States, is a civilized society based on 2 of the 5 characteristics of civilization.
• Must include one paragraph on how they are not civilized.