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In 1808, John Dalton proposed an explanation for the ‘magic’ of chemistry• He reasoned that elements were composed of
atoms & that only whole #’s of atoms can combine to form compounds
• He had 5 ideas about the nature of matter: 3 were right, 2 were a little off
In 1808, John Dalton proposed an explanation for the ‘magic’ of chemistry• He reasoned that elements were composed of
atoms & that only whole #’s of atoms can combine to form compounds
• He had 5 ideas about the nature of matter: 3 were right, 2 were a little off
The Atom:From Alchemy to Science
Sec 3-1Sec 3-1 Pg 65-69Pg 65-69
1.All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, & other properties
ELEMENT2
ELEMENT2
ELEMENT 3
ELEMENT 3
ELEMENT 1
ELEMENT 1
ELEMENT4
ELEMENT4
Reality: Atoms of a given element all have the same number of PROTONS
True
3. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed
4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole # ratios to form chemical compounds
5. In chemical changes, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged
++++ ++++
False: atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles
True
True
Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter has been modified.
1. All matter is composed of atoms2. Atoms of any one element differ in properties
from atoms of another element. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, but they can have different masses.
3. Matter (atoms) cannot be created or destroyed.
4. Compounds are made of whole numbers of atoms.
5. Reactions rearrange how atoms are chemically bonded to one another.
Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter has been modified.
1. All matter is composed of atoms2. Atoms of any one element differ in properties
from atoms of another element. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, but they can have different masses.
3. Matter (atoms) cannot be created or destroyed.
4. Compounds are made of whole numbers of atoms.
5. Reactions rearrange how atoms are chemically bonded to one another.
The Atom:From Magic to Science
Electrons Tiny, very light particles MASS=
about 0
Have a negative electrical charge (-) Move around the outside of the
nucleus
9.109 x 10-31 kg1/1837 of a proton
Protons Much larger and heavier than
electrons Mass = 1.0 amu (atomic mass unit) Protons have a positive charge (+) Located in the nucleus of the atom
Neutrons Large and heavy like protons Mass = 1.0 amu Neutrons have no electrical charge:
NEUTRAL Located in the nucleus of the atom
All matter is composed of atoms. The earth's crust is made up of 90
different types of atom. Each unique type of atom is called
an element. Each atom contains a 3 types of
subatomic particles with the following properties:
Subatomic Particle Charge Mass
Proton positive 1 atomic mass unit
Neutron neutral 1 atomic mass unit
Electron negative ~0 mass units
Atomic number equals the number of ____________
Whole number of atomic mass equals the number of ______________ + ____________
The Atoms Family - Atomic Math Challenge
Atomic NumberSymbolNameAtomic Mass
protons
protonsneutrons
Please complete the table:
Particle Location Mass Charge
Proton
Neutron
Electron
nucleus 1 amu +
nucleus 1 amu 0
electron cloud 0 -
POSIT IVECHARG E
PROT ONS
NEUT RALCHARG E
NEUT RONS
NUCLEUS
NEG AT IVE CHARG E
ELECT RONS
AT OM
Most of the atom’s mass.
NUCLEUS ELECTRONS
PROTONS NEUTRONS NEGATIVE CHARGE
POSITIVE CHARGE
NEUTRAL CHARGE
ATOM
QUARKSAtomic Numberequals the # of...
equal in a neutral atom