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“The electric power system in transition – challenges and
solutions”
Klaus FröhlichPresident of CIGRE
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
The problem
Electricity for all people is needed
20% have no access (1,2 billion people)
Reduction of energy’s environmental footprint needed Change of fuel mix towards renewables Electrification
Security of Supply• Cyber security• Maintanance• Management of assets
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
The challenges (1)
• Fast growth required in many countries
• Interconnections needed (Africa, Asia,South America)
• System stability problems when connecting
• Sources are remote; potential not fully explored
• Island solutions needed for remote villages
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
8
The WAPP network in 2020
Source: World Bank
Interconnections are neededExample: West African Power Pool
CIGRE Session 2014 - Opening Panel | Franklin K. Gbedey | 25th August 2014 | World Bank
• Measurements (10 seconds mean values) from December 2012 reveal that the frequency in Nigeria is very unstable. The blue line is the frequency in the western grid (including Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Togo, Benin) and the red line is the frequency in Nigeria.
Frequency Stability
5Source : Synchronisation Study Phase 1 report: GRIDCo & WAPPCIGRE Session 2014 - Opening Panel | Franklin K. Gbedey | 25th August 2014 | World Bank
The challenges (1)• Fast growth required in many countries
• Interconnections needed (Africa, Asia,South America)
• System stability problems when connecting
• Sources are remote; potential not fully explored
• Island solutions needed for remote villages
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
• Intermittancy of new renewable sources (wind,PV) creates problems
• Subsidizing of renewables challenges investment of conventional generation in various countries regulatory problem
The challenges (2)
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
Due to the guaranteed infeed right Renewable Generation leads to a fluctuating and unusual power flow in the grid:
In Germany Wind generation is installed in the northern and eastern part of the country
High Wind power leads to bulk energy flows from North to South because most industry is concentrated in southern part of Germany
Impact of Renewable Generation onGrid Security (1/2)
CIGRE Session 2014 - Opening Panel | Klaus Kleinekorte | 25th August 2014 | ©Amprion
Due to the guaranteed infeed right Renewable Generation leads to a fluctuating and unusual power flow in the grid:
In Germany PV generation is installed in the southern part of the country mainly.
High PV power leads to bulk energy flow into DSO grids and from DSO to TSO - reverse operation.
Impact of Renewable Generation onGrid Security (2/2)
CIGRE Session 2014 - Opening Panel | Klaus Kleinekorte | 25th August 2014 | ©Amprion
0
10.000
20.000
30.000
40.000
50.000
70.000
60.000
80.000
EE D
Installiert EE D
Jahres-Mittel EE
MW
PDE max. RE*: wind: PV:
37.642MW23.574MW14.069MW
approx. 53% (14.04.2014)
min. RE*: 148MW148MWwind:
PV: 0MWapprox. 0,2% (17.02.2013)
Renewable Energy
Installed Capacity
yearly average
h-Values2014*: 1st half
10 CIGRE Session 2014 - Opening Panel | Klaus Kleinekorte | 25th August 2014 | ©Amprion
RES: Installed Capacity versusReal Infeed Capacity since 2011
‐150
‐100
‐50
0
50
100
150
200
0 5.000 10.000 15.000
PV Generation Germany [MW]
20.000 25.000
Trend
MW
11 CIGRE Session 2014 - Opening Panel | Klaus Kleinekorte | 25th August 2014 | ©Amprion
PV-Generation ↔ Reverse Flow on aTransformer 400/110 KV (measurement by Amprion)
• Intermittancy of new renewable sources (wind,PV) creates problems
• Subsidizing of renewables challenges investment of conventional generation in various countries regulatory problem
• More transmission capacity needed‐ right of way problems in many countries
• New distribution system architecture and automation needed
The challenges (2)
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
Long Distance Transmission by HVDC:
• Standard +/- 500 kV• China / India +/- 800 kV (+/- 1100 kV dc)
• Line comutated converters,up to 6500 MW, Thyristors
• Voltage source converters/multi level converters
up to 1200 MW with cableup 2000 MW with OHL
• HVDC Grids are feasible
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
New Technologies• Intelligent and compact substation design(control, visibility, offshore, easy transport)
• Gas Insulated Substations for DC (off‐shore conections)• HVDC Circuit breakers• Hybrid Overhead Lines • UHV 1100 kV AC• Polymer Cables up to 550 kV for HVDC• SF6 substitute for GIS and circuit breakers• Powerful ICT Tools
(Automation, Control, Simulation, Smart Metering, Cyber Security)
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
Better utilization of existing corridorsby Hybrid Lines
DC AC
factor 1,5 ..2
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
New Technologies• Intelligent and compact substation design(control, visibility, offshore, easy transport)
• Gas Insulated Substations for DC (off‐shore conections)• HVDC Circuit breakers• Hybrid Overhead Lines• UHV 1100 kV AC• Polymer Cables up to 550 kV for HVDC• SF6 substitute for GIS and circuit breakers• Powerful ICT Tools
(Automation, Control, Simulation, Smart Metering, Cyber Security)
• Desperately needed: economical adequate bulk energy storage
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
Grid-Scale Energy Storage System – 32 MW Battery
Laurel Mountain, West Virginia Wind Farm98 MW61 turbines
Battery StorageLithium-ion (A123)Power 32 MW, Energy 8 MWhPJM Total Grid-Scale Batteries
www.pjm.com 17 PJM©2014
Connected Under study
81 MW275 MWAs of Jan. 2014
CIGRE 2014, Paris, Opening Speech, Terry Boston, PJM
Thermal Energy Storage for > 100 MW storages
Compressor Turbine
Motor/Generator
Heat storage Ice storage
Extractionhigh quality heat
Input other heat sources ExtraktionKälte
Expected efficiency >70% - like Pumped Hydro Power
Picture: Courtesy ABB
The New Energy Vehicle Landscape (Europe)
LCVs
2011History 2012 2013
Fiat/Microv.Doblo/Fiorino
Peugeot/CitroenPartner/Berlingo
RenaultKangoo EV
FordConnect
MercedesVito E-cell
A- and B-segment
Mitsubishii-MiEV
Smart ED
RenaultZoe ZE
ToyotaFT-EVPeugeot
iOn
Citroën C-Zero
C- and D-segment
G-segmentand SUVs Tesla Roadster
RenaultFluence ZE
NissanLeaf
Micro-cars andconcept cars Think City Renault
Twizy ZE
VolkswagenE-Motion
Legend:
Black Only AC slow charging(3-6 kW)
Blue DC fast charging (50 kW)
Red / GreenAC semi-fast charging(6 - 20 kW)
Today
Beyond
BMWICV & UCV
BMWi3
Tesla Model S
VolvoC30 Electric
EVs with capability to charge at 50 kW DC have reached our markets today
Picture: Courtesy ABB
Example: DC fast charger “Hermes 1”
Applications• Distributed fast charging for long
distance travel• Fleet vehicle fast charging Key features• Quick charging with 50‐100kW DC (<30
min)• High efficiency• Minimized grid impact• Support of various standards
(CHAdeMO, Chinese GB, IEC, SAE,…)Pilot Customers• Hong Kong• Copenhagen, Denmark• Zurich, Switzerland• Dublin, Ireland• Prague, Czech Republic• Shanghai and Beijing, China
Slide: Courtesy ABB
The Smart Grid Evolution
CIGRE Study Committee C6: Distribution systems and dispersed
generation• Planning: New software for modelling distribution power systems together with traffic systems
• Operation of multi‐energy networks (heat&power) with new SCADA systems including market environment and forecast of generation and load
• Voltage Control: Estimation, observation, new technologies and algorithms
• Storage and electric vehicles for distribution systems and microgrids
• New roles and services of distribution systems for transmission system operation
Vill
age
FREI
AM
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oto:
Luc
a Si
erm
ann
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
What is CIGRE ?….a worldwide nonprofit organization with about 12000 members in 90 countries; founded in 1921
Mission:….. share and elaboration of knowledge in the electric power sector in a global and/or regional perspective
23
CIGRE is active in all fields
industrie
private
transport,services
transmission distribution
storagePump
storageprod
uctio
nefficiency increase
...storage
…sourcesbulkgeneration
Environmental Issues
Market Issues
Area of coperation with CIRED
Transmission Distribution
230 internationalworking groups
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
The future of the power system is a challenge
for engineers, scientists, economists and politics
alike
CICED 2014, Shenzhen
