s

The Election of 1816“The Demise of the Federalist Party”

Sectionalism: Northern Leaders

• Daniel Webster, Massachusetts

• J.Q. Adams, Massachusetts

• Martin Van Buren, New York

Sectionalism: Southern Leaders

• John C. Calhoun, South Carolina

• William Crawford, Georgia

Sectionalism:Western Leaders

• Andrew Jackson, Tennessee

• William Henry Harrison, Indiana

• Henry Clay, Kentucky

• Thomas Hart Benton , Missouri

Henry Clay• Henry Clay (1777 - 1852)• US Senator from Kentucky • Speaker of the US House of Representatives

(Kentucky)• Secretary of State under John Quincy Adams• Perennial Presidential Candidate (lost to President

John Quincy Adams in 1824, to President Andrew Jackson in 1832, and to President James K. Polk in 1844)

American System, Nationalistic Economic Program

• Henry Clay speaker of the house– Tariff of 1816– Second bank of

the US 1816-1836– Internal

improvements at the federal expense

p WEST got roads, canals, and federal aide.

p EAST got the backing of protective tariffs from the West.

p SOUTH ??

The American System

The American System

Henry Clay1777 - 1852

E 1817 – 1825.E 363 miles Albany to Buffalo.E Much further than any other American or European

canal.

The Erie Canal

The American SystemThe National (Cumberland) Road

Adams – Onis Treaty 1817-1819

• What was it? Transfer of Florida• Who was it between? Spain and the U.S.• What did it concern? Seminole Indians• What was the outcome? The U.S got

Florida

The Adams-Onis Treaty 1819“The Transcontinental Treaty”

Rush-Bagot Treaty

What was it? Disarmament Pact Who was it between? Great Britain and the U.S.What did it concern?The Great Lakes RegionWhat was the outcome? Created the Longest unfortified/peaceful border in the world

Rush-Bagot Treaty 1817

Convention of 1818

Convention of 1818

• What was it? Further improved relations between the U.S. and Great Britain

• Who was it between? U.S. & Great Britain

• What did it concern? 1. Fishing Rights 2. Join occupation of the Oregon Country 3. Set boundary at the 49th Parallel

• What was the outcome? Great Peace between the U.S. and Great Britain

The Convention of 1818

The West and N.W. 1816-1824

US Population Density

1810 1820

Where are the Federalists, now?

The Monroe Doctrine• What was it? A unilateral decree that the

U.S. had the right to REFUSE European expansion into the Western Hemisphere

• Who was it between? The U.S. & Europe• What did it concern? Further European

Imperialism• What was the outcome? European

nations NEVER violated it

3. What would the US do if the warning was not headed?

Monroe Doctrine

2. What warning is given to the European countries?1. What

foreign policy principles are established?

p Referred to as “America’s Self-Defense Doctrine”

The Monroe Doctrine

Missouri Compromise 1820

• What was it? A dilemma over admission of Missouri ( a slave state) when there was no Free-State available.

• Who was it between? Northern and Southern factions in Congress

• What did it concern? Maintaining the balance between Slave and Free States

• What was the outcome? The “balance” is maintained

"This momentous question, like a fire-bell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it at once as the death knell of the

Union ... my only consolation is to be, that I live not to weep over it."

Mc Culluch v Maryland

• What was it? A challenge of the U.S. Bank by the State of Maryland

• Who was it between? The State of Maryland and the U.S. Government

• What did it concern? The right of the U.S. Bank to “exist”

• What was the outcome? The U.S. Government is Supreme

McCulloch v Maryland

Constitutionality of the Bank of the United States (BUS) was in question

Bank not SPECIFICALLY mentioned in the Constitution

“The power to tax is the power to destroy”

Dartmouth College v Woodward• What was it? An attempt by the State of

New Hampshire to make “public” Dartmouth

• Who was it between? The State of New Hampshire ( rep. by the Sec’y of the NEW Bd. Of Trustees) and the Board of Trustees of the College Dartmouth

• What did it concern? Contract Law• What was the outcome? Contracts

cannot be overturned by outside parties – Contract Clause

Dartmouth College v Woodward

• New Hampshire wanted to alter Dartmouth Charter – from private to public college

• Ruled that states could not alter contracts, regardless of age or condition of when contract was made

• Created the need to place clauses in contracts for revision or revokation

Gibbons v Ogden• What was it? A contract dispute over

Interstate (between one or more states) Commerce (trade)

• Who was it between? Gibbons, Ogden, N.Y. State and the U.S. Government

• What did it concern? “Who” has the right over Interstate Commerce

• What was the outcome? The Federal (U.S.) Government has the right over Interstate Commerce

Gibbons v. Ogden

Aaron Ogden (had a NY ONLY charter -) Licensed by the Legislature of New York State

Thomas Gibbons (had a - NY to NJ/NJ to NY charter) Licensed by the U.S. Congress

favored Ogden favoredGibbons

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Political Parties of the early 19th Century