The Eight Parts of Speech Lic. Armando García Díaz

The Eight Parts The Eight Parts of Speechof Speech

Lic. Armando García DíazLic. Armando García Díaz

The eight parts of speechThe eight parts of speech These five undergo changes in form to show different meanings:These five undergo changes in form to show different meanings:

1. Nouns 2. Pronouns3. Verbs4. Adjectives5. Adverbs

These three keep the same form:These three keep the same form:

6. Prepositions7. Conjunctions8. Interjections


1. Nouns1. Nouns A A nounnoun is a name given to a person, place, thing or abstract idea. is a name given to a person, place, thing or abstract idea.

Nouns are divided into two classes: Nouns are divided into two classes: properproper and and commoncommon. A proper noun . A proper noun names a particular person, place, thing or idea and it is always capitalized: names a particular person, place, thing or idea and it is always capitalized: HenryHenry,, England England, or , or History 1301History 1301. .

A common noun names a general term for a person, place, thing or abstract A common noun names a general term for a person, place, thing or abstract idea and is not capitalized: idea and is not capitalized: boyboy,, country country,, or history or history. .

Nouns also have Nouns also have gender. gender. English has three genders: English has three genders: masculinemasculine for nouns for nouns referring to males, such as referring to males, such as cowboycowboy or or milkmanmilkman; ; feminine feminine for nouns for nouns referring to females, such as referring to females, such as girlgirl or or mothermother; and ; and neuterneuter referring to referring to inanimate objects, such as inanimate objects, such as treetree or or carcar..

Nouns are also classified by Nouns are also classified by number,number, either either singular singular oror plural plural. The plural of . The plural of nouns is regularly formed by adding nouns is regularly formed by adding "s""s" to the singular form, such as to the singular form, such as dogdog to to dogsdogs or or placeplace to to placesplaces..


The pronounThe pronoun The The pronoun pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.is a word that takes the place of a noun.

The noun it replaces is called its antecedent. Pronouns are classified as The noun it replaces is called its antecedent. Pronouns are classified as personal, relative, personal, relative, interrogative, demonstrative, and indefinite. interrogative, demonstrative, and indefinite.

Personal pronouns Personal pronouns are used as subjects or objects. Their forms are:are used as subjects or objects. Their forms are:

SingularSingular PluralPlural Subjects: I, you, he, she, itSubjects: I, you, he, she, it Subjects: we, you, they Subjects: we, you, they Objects: me, you, him, her, itObjects: me, you, him, her, it Objects: us, you, them Objects: us, you, them

Possessive pronounsPossessive pronouns SingularSingular PluralPlural

Mine, yours, his, hers, itsMine, yours, his, hers, its ours, yours, theirs ours, yours, theirs Note: The possessives Note: The possessives my, your, his, her, its, our, yourmy, your, his, her, its, our, your, and , and themthem are called pronouns in the are called pronouns in the

possessive case in English but are considered possessive adjectives in other languages.possessive case in English but are considered possessive adjectives in other languages.


The pronoun The pronoun (cont…)(cont…)

Reflexive pronouns Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding "self" or "selves" to certain forms of personal pronouns are formed by adding "self" or "selves" to certain forms of personal pronouns such as:such as:

SingularSingular PluralPlural Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself ourselves, yourselves, themselves Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself ourselves, yourselves, themselves

Relative Pronouns Relative Pronouns are used to join a dependent clause to a preceding noun or pronoun. They are are used to join a dependent clause to a preceding noun or pronoun. They are

used as subjects or objects. Their forms are used as subjects or objects. Their forms are whatwhat and and thatthat, which remain the same, and , which remain the same, and whowho and and whichwhich, have different forms: , have different forms:

SubjectSubject ObjectObject PossessivePossessive whowho whomwhom whosewhose whichwhich whichwhich whosewhose

Interrogative pronounsInterrogative pronouns are used in asking questions. They are used as subjects and objects. Their are used in asking questions. They are used as subjects and objects. Their forms are forms are whichwhich? and ? and whatwhat? having the same form and ? having the same form and whowho? Having different forms:? Having different forms:

SubjectSubject ObjectObject PossessivePossessive who?who? whom?whom? whose?whose?

Demonstrative pronouns Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out persons or things. They are used as subjects or are used to point out persons or things. They are used as subjects or objects. Their forms are objects. Their forms are thisthis, , thatthat, , thesethese, and , and thosethose..

Indefinite pronouns Indefinite pronouns are words such as are words such as oneone, , someonesomeone, , somebodysomebody, , anybodyanybody, , somethingsomething, , eacheach, , eithereither, , neitherneither, , manymany, or , or few few when used as pronouns. Such forms may also be used as adjectives.when used as pronouns. Such forms may also be used as adjectives.


The verbThe verb The The verb verb is a word used to express is a word used to express actionaction, , state of beingstate of being or or state of mindstate of mind of of

the subject of a sentence.the subject of a sentence.

Classes of verbs - Classes of verbs - transitive or intransitivetransitive or intransitive

A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete the meaning, such as A transitive verb requires a direct object to complete the meaning, such as I I lovelove my my countrycountry; or ; or He He takestakes his medicine his medicine..

An intransitive verb is one that does not require a direct object to complete its An intransitive verb is one that does not require a direct object to complete its meaning, such as: meaning, such as: He He sleepssleeps, or , or Dogs Dogs runrun..

Helping Helping verbs are used to help form the voice, tense, and mood of other verbs, verbs are used to help form the voice, tense, and mood of other verbs, such as am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, do, did, does, have, had, has, can, such as am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been, do, did, does, have, had, has, can, shall, will, must, etc. The helping verb is used with an action verb, such as:shall, will, must, etc. The helping verb is used with an action verb, such as:

The boys The boys have beenhave been playing outside today. playing outside today.

Verb Tenses Verb Tenses express the time of the action or the state of being as present, past, express the time of the action or the state of being as present, past, or future.or future.


The adjectiveThe adjective The The adjectiveadjective is a word used to describe or limit a noun or pronoun. There is a word used to describe or limit a noun or pronoun. There

are two classes of adjectives: are two classes of adjectives: descriptivedescriptive and and limitinglimiting..

A A descriptive adjective descriptive adjective expresses quality or kind, such as expresses quality or kind, such as prettypretty girl, girl, riperipe apple, or a apple, or a long long road.road.

A A limiting adjectivelimiting adjective points out or denotes a number or quantity. The limiting adjectives points out or denotes a number or quantity. The limiting adjectives are divided into four classes:are divided into four classes:

1. Demonstrative - 1. Demonstrative - thisthis man, man, thatthat lady, lady, thesethese books books2. Possessive - 2. Possessive - mymy book, book, hishis sister, sister, theirtheir uncle uncle3. Numerals - 3. Numerals - twotwo men, men, thirdthird lesson, lesson, sixty-fivesixty-five years old years old4. Indefinite - 4. Indefinite - allall men, men, manymany people, people, anyany book, book, somesome things things5. 5. Articles - Articles - there are 3 articles - a, an, the there are 3 articles - a, an, the

Definite article- theDefinite article- the Indefinite articles- a, anIndefinite articles- a, an

Comparison of Adjectives.Comparison of Adjectives. Adjectives have different forms to express different degrees Adjectives have different forms to express different degrees or quality or quantity.or quality or quantity.

Positive degreePositive degree Comparative degreeComparative degree Superlative degreeSuperlative degree cheap cheap cheapercheaper cheapest cheapest goodgood betterbetter best best

badbad worse worse worst worst Lic. Armando García DíazLic. Armando García Díaz

The adverbThe adverb

The The adverbadverb is a word used to modify the is a word used to modify the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. adverb.

Most adverbs are formed by adding "ly" to an Most adverbs are formed by adding "ly" to an adjectiveadjective, such as , such as slowlyslowly..

The adverb can also show degrees of The adverb can also show degrees of comparison like the adjective, such as comparison like the adjective, such as beautifullybeautifully, , more beautifullymore beautifully, or , or the most the most beautifullybeautifully..


The prepositionThe preposition

The The preposition preposition is a word placed before a is a word placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its relation to the noun or a pronoun to show its relation to the rest of the sentence. rest of the sentence.

Every preposition is used with an object, such Every preposition is used with an object, such as:as: inin the house the house atat the movies. the movies.

Some common prepositions are: on, over, to, Some common prepositions are: on, over, to, at, in, under, with, for, in front of, next to, at, in, under, with, for, in front of, next to, close to, and by.close to, and by.


The conjunctionThe conjunction

The The conjunction conjunction is a word used to connect is a word used to connect words or groups of words.words or groups of words.

There are seven coordinating conjunctions There are seven coordinating conjunctions that are used to join independent clauses - that are used to join independent clauses - they form the acronym FANBOYS - for, and, they form the acronym FANBOYS - for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.nor, but, or, yet, so.

Other words can be subordinating Other words can be subordinating conjunctions and join dependent clauses or conjunctions and join dependent clauses or phrases to the rest of the sentence.phrases to the rest of the sentence.


The interjectionThe interjection

The The interjectioninterjection is a word used to is a word used to express emotion or surprise.express emotion or surprise.

Some common examples of Some common examples of conjunctions are:conjunctions are: Ah!Ah! Oh!Oh! Help!Help! Stop!Stop!


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The Eight Parts of Speech Lic. Armando García Díaz