The Effects Of Creatine On Repeated Sprint

Performance, Maximum Strength And PowerBy Carl Page, Charlotte Cochrane, Gemma Beames, Lindsay

Cook & Natalija Cizikova (Group 15)

Research Question

The effects of

creatine on repeated

sprint performance,

maximum strength

and power.

Criteria To Prove Or

Disprove Hypothesis

Examine the physiological/biochemical

mechanisms of how creatinemay enhance anaerobic

performance.

Research the various creatine loading strategies.

Compare the different types of creatine supplementation

being provided.

See if there are any potential side-effects/risks associated

with creatinesupplementation.

Critically analysis of the scientific literature in relation

to creatine and anaerobic performance.

Check to see this supports/contradicts

previous findings.

Mechanism(s) For Use Of

Creatine In Anaerobic

Exercise

Physiological/Biochemical Mechanisms Of

How Creatine May Enhance Anaerobic

Performance

• Creatine easily mixes with

phosphate to form

phosphocreatine or

creatine phosphate, this is

located in the skeletal

muscle, (Miller-Keane and

O'Toole, 2003).

The Scientific Literature In Relation To

Creatine And Anaerobic Performance

• Wilmore and Costill (2012)

• Holland & Barrett Retail Limited, (2012)

Creatine Loading Protocols

Different Creatine Loading Strategies

• Jonas, (2005) recognises

that creatine is important

for exercise performance,

as it can be used to aid

sport performance as a

supplement to an athlete’s

diet.

Different Types Of Creatine

Supplementation

• Creatine Monohydrate

• Creatine Citrate

• Creatine Phosphate

• Creatine Ethyl Ester

(Cooper et al. 2012).

Side Effects

Potential Side-effects/Risks Associated

With Creatine Supplementation

• Increase strength

• Fat free mass

• Greater training adaptations

• Muscle morphology

• Reduces fatigue

• Stomach aches

• Diarrhoea

The Literature In Relation To The

Risks/Side Effects Of Creatine Use

• Wilmore and Costill (2012)

• Cooper et al. (2012, pg.5)

Analyses Of Results

Analyses Of Results

2.680 ± 0.180

2.716 ± 0.198

2.664 ± 0.169

2.694 ± 0.150

2.63002.64002.65002.66002.67002.68002.69002.70002.71002.72002.7300

Pre-Sprint(CreatineGroup)

Pre-Sprint(PlaceboGroup)

Post-Sprint(CreatineGroup)

Post-Sprint(PlaceboGroup)

Tim

e (

s)

Group

Figure 1. Average decrease in time (s ± SD) in Pre-Sprint and Post-Sprint 15 trials in Creatine and Placebo groups.

Analyses Of Results

Figure 2. Concentric and Eccentric Peak Torque (N*m) in Height Jump in Pre- and Post- trials in Creatine and Placebo groups.

1003.0001113.625

1181.875 1200.125

944.375 971.250

1206.5001138.375

0.000

200.000

400.000

600.000

800.000

1000.000

1200.000

1400.000

Pre-Concentric PeakTorque

Post-Concentric PeakTorque

Pre-Eccentric PeakTorque

Post-Eccentric PeakTorque

Peak T

orq

ue (

N*m

)

Creatine group

Placebo group

Analyses Of Results

Figure 3. Average Jump Height (cm) in Height Jumps in Pre- and Post- trials in Creatine and Placebo groups.

48.083 ± 5.093

47.038 ± 6.412

45.039 ± 9.48245.260 ± 6.093

43.500

44.000

44.500

45.000

45.500

46.000

46.500

47.000

47.500

48.000

48.500

Creatine group Placebo group

Ju

mp

heig

ht

(cm

)

Pre- Jump Height,Mean

Post- Jump Height,Mean

Our Findings Support/Contradict Previous

Findings

• Lee, et al. (2011)

• Bemben et al. (2010)

• Gutierrez-Sancho, et al (2006)

Future Recommendations For Studies

• Males and Females

separated

• Bigger sample groups

• Different supplements

• Existing diet

• Training regimes

• Strict controls

Conclusion

• It is important to regularly test nutritional supplements for

potential ergogenic value.

• Discover different types of creatine supplements and how

they respond when taken.

• The hormonal and energy production work together with

the physiological systems within the human body.

• Studies revealed there is an improved rate of ATP

synthesis and PCr resynthesis during high-intensity

exercises like sprinting and weight lifting when

consuming creatine.

References

• Cooper, R., Naclerio, F., Allgrove, J. and Jimenez, A. (2012) Creatine supplementation

with specific view to exercise/sports performance: an update. Journal of the

International Society of Sports Nutrition. 9 (33), pp.1–11. [Online]. Available at:

http://www.jissn.com/content/9/1/33 (Accessed on: 06/01/2013).

• Jonas, WB. (2005) Mosby's dictionary of complementary and alternative medicine.

London: Elsevier Mosby.

• Wilmore J. H. and Costill D. L. (2012) Physiology of sport and exercise. 5th edn.

Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.

• Holland & Barrett Retail Limited (2012) Creatine Powder. Available at:

http://www.hollandandbarrett.com/pages/product_detail.asp?pid=557&prodid=429

(Accessed on: 20/01/2013)

• Holland & Barrett Retail Limited (2012) Creatine. Available at:

http://www.hollandandbarrett.com/pages/categories.asp?cid=93 (Accessed on:

20/01/2013)

• Lee, C.L., Lin, J.C. & Cheng, C.F. (2011) ‘Effect of caffeine ingestion after creatine

supplementation’, Journal of Sport Science and Medicine, 9 pp. 262-269.

DISCOVERY [Online]. Available at: https://breo.beds.ac.uk/webapps/portal/

(Assessed: 26 February 2013).

• Bemben, MG., Witten, MS., Carter, JM., Eliot, KA., Knehans, AW.,

Bemben, DA. (2010) The effects of supplementation with Creatine

and protein on muscle strength following a traditional resistance

training program in middle aged and older men. The Journal of

Nutrition Health and Aging, 14 (2), pp.155-159.

• Gutierrez-Sancho, O., Moncada-Jimenez, J., Salazar-Rojas, W. &

Robinson, E. (2006) The Effects of Creatine Supplementation on

Biochemical, Body Conposition, and Performance Outcomes in

Humans: A Ivfeta-analysis. International Journal of Applied Sports

Sciences. 18 (2) pp. 12-38.

Thank you for listening.Please feel free to ask any questions!