Proceedtngs of the 7th Internatumol. Working Conference on Stored-product Protection - Volume 2

The effect of the modifiedIndian meal moth,(Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)

Plodiapheromone traps for

interpunctellacapturing(Hub) ,

Zhao QI1, TIan Benzhi", Zhao Chengdev, LI LIan~, Wang Zhongwu' and Lm Yunbe2

Abstract

The two modified traps, K-1, K-2 and the four mutatedfrom traditional models WIth synthetic sex pheromone wereapplied in this test The result of 8-day comparative testshowed that K-1 (no any VIscose in )', K-2 surnlar mstructure demonstrated excellent effect m captunng Indianmeal moth (male). Duncan's SSR indicates that the malemoths trapped by each of the two modified traps,accumulated withm 8 days, were significantly or verysignificantly more than those by any other type of traps forthe test. In sustained testing, each of the two modified trapscaptured male moths accumulated witlun vanous days to asignificant or very significant degree at least three timesmore than those withm preVIOUSdays, while each of the fourtraditional pheromone traps achieved twice at most. Therewas no significant difference between quantities of mothscaptured by the two new traps It proved that the opemngsof the two traps were escape proof.

Introduction

The Indian meal moth, Plod w in terpunctella (Hubner) isan Important initial stored product insect. Larvae of tlusspecies attack vanous dry and fresh fruits, dry vegetables,spice, candy, unprocessed medicmal herbs, tobacco as wellas many grams and therr products (Chen, 1984) Vick et a1.(1979) found from a comparative test that wing traps wereeffective m captunng Indian meal moth and AngoumOlS grammoth when compared WIth eIght types of traps In Bntam,VIscose traps and funneled traps were used to capture

1 Plant Protection Institute, LlaOnlllg Academy of AgnculturalSciences, Maguanqiao, Donghng Distnct, Shenyang, 110161, PR Chllla

2 Personnel DlVlsion, Llaorung Academy of Agncultural Sclences,Maguanqlao, Donghng Thstnct, Shenyang,110161, P R Chllla

3 Testing and AnalYS1SCenter, Llaonlllg Academy of AgnculturalSclences, Maguanqlao, Dongllllg Thstnct, Shenyang, 110161, P RChllla

phycitid moths in nulls, storehouses and food factones(Pmmger and Chambers, 1986) Wmg traps and funneledtraps were used to capture three species of phycitid moths mstorehouses and food factones m Italy (Suss andTrematerra, 1986) In China, several types of traps havebeen _recommended and used to momtonng stored-productmoths They are basin, wing trap, pot trap, cylinder trap,triangle trap, Pherocon lC Pherocon II (Zhou, 1978; Zhaoand Yang, 1989; JIang, 1992; Shen et al. ,1994) Most ofthem were mtroduced from abroad or modeled domestically.These have played an actrve role m detecting and momtoringstored product msects We tned to Improve some traditionaltraps to increase moth capture efficiency.

Materials and Method

Insects

Species of insect used for this test IS P. uuerpunctellaIndividuals (adults) were captured from gram distributionstore and households near the institute. The msects werebred m insect culture room at 27 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% rh and aphotopenod of 12 12 (L D). Adults and larvae were raisedin glass Jar. Peanut served as food for the larvae. Every 4thor 5th male instars were selected from the Jars and e put intoa glass tube With a diameter of 13 mm and height of 60 mm. ,One peanut was laid m the tube to feed the larva. The mouthwas covered WIth nylon net In 5 days or so after larva hadpupated, adults would begin to emerge. The male mothswere collected for the test Addrtional male moths werecaptured from gram distnbution store and households to addto the number of moths from the msect culture room.

Attractant

SynthetIc sex pheromone used for thIS test was prOVIdedby the InstItute of Entomology, MIlan UniversIty, Italy. Itschemical compOSItIon IS (Z. E) - 9, 12 - tetradecadienylacetate (TDA). Each pIece contammg TDA at 0.25mg, WIthrelease rate at 1.63!1g per day, was set m every trap for

tests

Preparation of traps

Six kmds of traps were used m the test, of whIch four

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Proceedinas of the 7th International Worhng Conference an Stored-product Protection - Volume 2

were traditional ones, 1 e, Pherocon IC, Tnangle trap,Delta trap and Cylinder trap The other two were mollifiedtraps designed and made by ourselves. They wererespectively named K-l, K-2 Structures and specificationsof the SIXkmds of trap are descnbed below:Pherocon IC: Also named boat and wing trap. It was

shaped like two layers of a boat. The dimension of the trapwas 28 ern (L) x22.8cm (W) x 12cm (H). The two layersof the trap were linked With polyester film StrIPS and 3 emapart from each other. A sheet of VIscose polyester filmmeasurmg 12.5 x 9. 5cm was laid in the bottom of trap. Apiece of TDA was hung m the middle of trap by a plasticstnpTnangle trap: The dimension of the trap was 12.5cm (L)

x 9. 5cm (W) x 9. 5cm (H) . VISCOse polyester film andTDA piece were all the same as the former trap m dimensionand installationDelta: The structure of this trap was snmlar to Tnangle

trap. Its dimension was 18.4 ern (L) x 10. 2cm (W) x11. 2m (H) There were folded edges on the two sides.There was a bent edge m the upper corner. Viscosepolyester film and TDA piece were used as aboveCylinder trap: Length was 27em, diameter 9 ern. A cone

shaped mouth was set m each end Both TDA piece and 1tSinstallation were same as the former. Viscose polyester filmmside measured 25.1 cm x 9. 5cmK-l trap: Its structure could be divtded mto two parts:

cylmder that IS 32cm m length, 8cm in diameter and top hatthat 1S 12.5 em in length, 3. 9cm in diameter. TDA piecewas laid m the bottom of the trap. There was no viscosematerial In It.K-2 trap: It was the same as K~1 trap m structure and

specification, but a V1SCOsepolyester film was used m it.Among the traps descnbed above, the former four traps

were all modeled on existing designs (Du Jawei, 1998; Miao

JIancal , 1990). Ma tenal of WhICh the traps were made waspolyester film that was 10 11mtluck.

Experimental Design

Three traps of each type were manufactured for the tests.EIghteen traps were hung on two parallel ropes that were200 em high and 84 ern apart from each other. The four-modeled traps had a distance of 170 em between the bottomand floor. The two modified traps had that a distance of 164ern Any two adjacent were 35 cm apart POSItIons of the SIXtraps were changed each day. Male moths taken from msect-culture box or from traps were released at 8 00 - 9 00 p. mNumber of released moths ranged from 20 to 113 Nextmormng at 7 00 a m. captured male moths in every trapwere counted and the traps were removed from the testroom to aVOIdaccumulation of released TDA The eight-daytests were conducted in an msect laboratory that haddimension of 350 x 276 x 365cm. Temperature and rh were30 - 32°C and 50 -70% respectrvely.

Statistical Analysis

The data were analyzed usmg analysis of variance andDuncan's multiple range tests

Results

Accumulated male moths captured by the trapsduring 8 days

The statistical results showed that there are differencesbetween accumulated male moths m different traps durmg 8-day test penod (F= 19.19> Fo 01= 5.64 DF= 10). Malemoth catch m each of the two modified traps wassignificantly higher (0.01 significance level) than the other4 traps, which were not statistically different from oneanother (Table 1).

Table 1. Cumulative captives of male Indian meal Moth over an 8-day penod in 6 trap types.

Replicate Significance of differenceTrap Sum Average

I II ill P~0.05 P~0.01

K-l 50 33 53 136 45.33 A A

K-2 41 43 49 133 44.33 A A

Delta 19 22 9 50 16.67 B B

Tnangle 14 14 42 14.0 B B

Cylinder 6 7 22 35 11.67 B B

Phercon IC 10 2 9 21 7.0 B BMeans followed by the same letter III small are not significantly different (P<O. 05)Means followed by the same letter III capltals are not slgmflcantly different (P<O 01)

The mcreased effectIveness of the two modif1ed trapsseems to be attnbutable to their upper and lower cone-

shaped mouths and top hats, Wh1Chmade male moths, enterthe trap easIly. Observmg at the male moth catch m K-2

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Proceedings oftke 7th Internoiumai Working Conference on Stored-product Protection - Volurne 2

trap, WhICh was higher than m K-1 trap, had proved suchescape proof feature. Sustained effectiveness of capture mthe traps.Indian meal moth catch on different days of the test

showed that the two modified trap, K-l, K-2, gave the besteffectiveness of catch (Table 2). Number of male mothcaptured in K-1 was almost statistically sigmficant orsignificantly higher, especially on days 1 & 2 relative toother traps. The K-2 trap also was effective m captunnginsectsThe four traditional traps did not capture a lot of moths.

Among them, Pherocon IC and Delta trap seemed to beunable to catch male moth from the 4th day onwards.ObVIOUSdifferences between the modified traps and thetraditional ones were due to two factors, the structure of themouth mentioned above and the other was the matenal mthe trap VISCOse. We would here make a discussion on thelatter. In the begmnmg days of the test, the VIscose Iilm inthe four traditional traps could normally stick male moth thatstayed on It though the moth managed to escape. But lateron, the surface of VIscose was covered WIth scales fromflymg moths or escapmg one

Table 2. Daily captures of male Indian meal moths m 6 trap types.

Day of test K-1 K-2 Pherocon IC Cylinder Delta Triangle

8 45.33 44.33 7.0 11.67 16.67 14.0

7 37.33 38.67 7.0 11.0 15.67 14.0

6 30~33 32.33 7.0 9.0 15.0 14.33

5 24.0 29.0 7.0 6.33 14.33 14.0

4 19.0 13.67 7.0 3.67 12.0 14.0

3 15.67 8.67 6.67 3.0 6.0 13.33

2 6.33 3.67 4.33 1.33 3.0 7.0

1 2.33 0.33 1.67 0.33 1.33 1.0

Conclusion

The K-1 trap can be used m gram storehouse, gramdistribution stations and household to catch Indian mealmoth The K-1 trap features make It easy for the moth toenter and difficult for It to escape. Therefore there is noneed to set viscose in the trap.Polyester film used as matenals for traps has not been

reported previously ThIS matenal is light in weight,pliable, mexpensrve m cost and resistant to heat, dampnessIn addition It IS transparent and smooth, so it looks bothrobust and artistic.K-1 trap IS a high effective sex pheromone trap SUItable

both for monitonng and mass trapping for India meal moth.Additionally, tlus trap can also be applied to other species ofstored product moths.

Acknowledgmen

We appreciate the assistance of L. Suss, MIlan University,Milan, Italy in providing Synthetic sex pheromone TDA.

References

Burkholder, W. E., and Ma M. 1985. Pheromones formomtonng and control of stored-product insects. AnnualReview of Entomology, 30, 257 - 272.Jiang Xiaolong, 1992. A summary of attractive traps of

stored-product insects. Journal of Gram Storage, 2, 10-13.Pmmger , D. B., and Chambers, J., 1986. The use ofpheromones m stored product protection: an UK Vlew.Proceedings of the 4 th International Workmg Conferenceon Stored-Product Protection, Tel AVIV, Israel, Sept.1986,24-34.Shen Zaopeng, 1994 Stored product insect pheromone,food attractant and traps. Gram and Oil Science andTechnology of Tianjun, 2, 13 -18.Shen Zaopeng,. Chen Lc tzhen and Sun Baogun. ,1994 Theexpenments on stored product msect pheromone and trapsJournal of Gram Storage, 4, 3 - 6.Suss, L , and Trematerra, P., 1986. Control of someLepidoptera Phycitidae mfesting stored-products WIthsynthetic sex pheromone m ItalyProceeding of the 4th International Working Conference onStored-Product Protection, Tel AVIV, Israel, Sept. 1986,606 - 61l.Vlck, K. W" Coffelt, J. A. And Steward, C , 1979Investigation of sex pheromone traps for simultaneousdetection of Indian meal moths and AngOUmOlS grammoths Journal of Economic Entomology, 30, 245 - 249.Zhou Zuhn, 1978. Expenments on captunng Sitotrogacereallella WIth sex attractant. Entomological Knowledge,1, 12 -15.Zhao ZhIWU and Yang Dejiang, 1989. 'Gossrplure', a sexattractant capable of captunng many species of stored-product msects. Journal of Gram Storage, 18, 9 -13.

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