Arousal: general physical/psychological activation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBlu8StfXtM (Haka)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBlu8StfXtM Anxiety: negative
emotional interpretation of arousal 3 dimensions of anxiety
Cognitive: worry, negative appraisal of self/future Somatic:
physiological symptoms of stress State: tension, agitation,
restlessness (physio/psycho)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG7v4y_xwzQ (inside the mind of a
champion) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yG7v4y_xwzQ
Slide 3
Yerkes-Dodson Law (1908) Yerkes-Dodson Law (1908) The inverted
U Hypothesis All motor skills have an optimum arousal level
Performance drops when arousal level exceeds or fails to approach
this level Different activities, different optimal levels
Slide 4
Catastrophe Model (Fazey & Hardy, 1988) When anxiety level
exceeds the optimal level drop in performance is dramatic, not
gradual http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3O-kYwM8qY (Quicksand)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i3O-kYwM8qY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOzUUhX9Qr 4 (Adam Scott)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOzUUhX9Qr 4
Slide 5
Optimal Arousal Theory Hanin (1997) Top athletes have own,
individual zone of optimal anxiety When arousal level and cognitive
anxiety level meet result is peak performance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuR9TJfW9vQ (Laettner)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuR9TJfW9vQ
Slide 6
Role of Self Efficacy in Sport 4 Sources of Efficacy 1.
Enactive Mastery Experience: practice/games give athlete most info
on their capabilities 2. Observing Models: successful models
increase efficacy 3. Verbal Persuasion: coaches, teammates, fans,
self all effect efficacy (Jay Bilas example) 4. Interpretation of
Arousal: dealing/coping with adversity improves with high self
efficacy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPFOlXo7UPI (MJ)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPFOlXo7UPI
Slide 7
Research on Efficacy Fitzsimmons et al (1991): Self Efficacy
Among Weightlifters Procedure: single max bench press followed by
lifts either with more or less weightsubjects were deceived about
the actual weight Results: subjects who were told the weight was
less performed better (even if the weight was more), demonstration
of increased confidence/efficacy