united nationseducational, scientific

and culturalorganization

international atomicenergy agency

theabdus salaminternational centre for theoretical physics

SMR.1317 - 9

SUMMER SCHOOL ON PARTICLE PHYSICS

18 June - 6 July 2001

STANDARD MODEL AND HIGGS PHYSICS

Lecture V

J. ELLISCERN, Geneva, SWITZERLAND

Please note: These are preliminary notes intended for internal distribution only.

strada costiera, I I - 34014 trieste italy - tel.+39 04022401 I I fax +39 040224163 - scijnfo@ictp.trieste.it - www.ictp.trieste.it

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100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800m1 / 2 (GeV)

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800m1/2(GeV)

Figure 1: The m\/2,mo plane for the CMSSM with tan/? = 10, A = - m ^ , and (a) n > 0,(b) fj, < 0, showing the region preferred by the cosmological relic density constraint 0.1 <£lxh

2 < 0.3 (medium, green shading), the excluded region where m? < mx (dark, brownshading), and the region disallowed by our b—^sj analysis (light shading) [23]. Also shownas a near-vertical line is the contour m/, = 113 GeV for nit = 175 GeV. For comparison, wealso exhibit the reaches of LEP 2 searches for charginos x^ and selections e, as well as theestimated reach of the Fermilab Tevatron collider for sparticle production [25].

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Figure 1: The (m1/2, m0) planes for \i < 0 and t&n(3=_ (a) 20, (b) 30, (c) 35 and (d) 37.5,found assuming Ao = 0,m t = 175 GeV and mj(mj)^(f = 4.25 GeV. In this case, we findno large allowed region for tan/3 > 40. The near-vertical are the contours mx± = 104 GeV(dashed), mn = 113,117 GeV (dot-dashed). The medium (dark green) shaded regions areexcluded by b -> 57. The light (turquoise) shaded areas are the cosmologically preferredregions with 0.1 < Qxh

2 < 0.3. Away from the pole, above (below) these light-shaded areas,the relic density Qxh

2 > 0.3(< 0.1). In the dark (brick red) shaded regions, the LSP is thecharged f 1, so this region is excluded. The diagonal channel of low relic densities visible fortan (3 > 30, flanked on both sides by cosmologically preferred regions, is due to direct-channelannihilation via the A, H poles.

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Figure 1: The (mx/2,m0) p/anes for /j, > 0 an</ tan/3 = faj iO, ^ 30, (c) 50 and (d) 55,found assuming Ao = 0,m t = 175 GeV and rn^m^M = 4-25 GeV. The near-vertical (red)dot-dashed lines are the contours m^ = 113,117 GeV, and the near-vertical (black) dashedline in panel (a) is the contour mx± = 104 GeV. The medium (dark green) shaded regionsare excluded by b -> 57. The light (turquoise) shaded areas are the cosmologically preferredregions with 0.1 < Qxh

2 < 0.3. In the dark (brick red) shaded regions, the LSP is the chargedT\, so this region is excluded. The regions allowed by the E821 measurement ofa^ at the 2-alevel are shaded (pink) and bounded by solid black lines, with dashed lines indicating the 1-aranges.

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mz± = 103.5 GeV / /*» • m h =113 GeV

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100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

mm (GeV)

tan ft = 10, n < 0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

171 GeV, tan (3 = 10, n > 0

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

mm (GeV)1000 1500

Figure 1: The (mi/2, mo) planes for tan (3 = (a) 5 (/i > 0), (b) 10 (n > 0), (c) 10 (\i < 0), allfor nit = 175 GeV, and (d) 10 (fi > 0) with rrit — 171 GeV. In each case we have assumedAQ = 0 and mb(mb)^ = 4.25 GeV, and used Keith's code. The near-vertical (red) dot-dashed lines are the contours mh = 113 GeV, as evaluated using the FeynHiggs code. Themedium (dark green) shaded regions are excluded by b —* s-y. The light (turquoise) shadedareas are the cosmologically preferred regions with 0.1 < Q^h2 < 0.3. In the dark (brick red)shaded regions, the LSP is the charged f\, so this region is excluded. The regions allowed bythe E821 measurement of a^ at the 2-a level are shaded (pink) and bounded by solid blacklines, with dashed lines indicating the 1-a ranges. The (blue) crosses denote the proposedbenchmark points A to F.

32

800

too 1000

m ^ (GeV)2000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

mm (GeV)

tan P = 50, \l > 0

1000 2000

mi/2(GeV)

Figure 2: The (m1/2, mo) planes for tan/? = (a) 20 fr > 0), (b) 35 (fi > 0), (c) -35 (\x < 0),and (d) 50 (fi > 0), found assuming AQ — O,rat = 175 GeV and rrif){mb)^M = 4-25 GeV.The notations are the same as in Fig. 2. The (blue) crosses denote the proposed benchmarkpoints G to M.

3000

fcruufe

33

Supersymmetric spectra

Modelmx/2

tan/3sign(^)as(mz)

Tflt

Masses

\li{mz)\

h°H°A0

H ±

x\x\xlAxfxt9

eR,HR

n

VT

UR, CRdi, SLdR, SR

h

b2

A6001405+

120175

73911488488388725248275977448277412994312714242694314241199114812021141893114110981141

B25010010+

123175

33211238238138998182345364181365582204145188137208187547528553527392571501528

C4009010+

121175

501115577576582164310517533310533893290182279175292279828797832793612813759792

D52512510—

121175

6331157377367412214256546614256631148379239371233380370106110191064101480410109731009

E300150010. +123171

23911215091509151111919925531819431869715141505151214921508150616151606161716061029136313541594

F1000345010+

120171

522115349534953496434546548887537888210835123471351134433498349739063864390638582574332633193832

G37512020+

122175

468116520520526153291486501291502843286192275166292271787757791754582771711750

H150041920+

117175

1517121

179417941796664127415851595127415963026107770510746641067106227712637277226172117254525222580

135018035+

122175

437116449449457143271462476271478792302228292159313280752724756721550728656708

J75030035+

119175

837120876876880321617890900617901159358741558233457956114861422148814131122136313161368

K1150100035—

117175

118511810711071107550697612701278976127923631257109112559511206119923602267236122541739201719602026

L45035050+

121175

537118491491499188360585597360598994466392459242447417978943981939714894821887

M1900150050+

116175

1793123

173217321734855164820322036

16482036376819491661194711981778177237033544370435212742319631563216

Table 1: Proposed CMSSM benchmark points and mass spectra (in GeV), as calculatedusing SSARD [24] and FeynHiggs [29]. The renormalization-group equations are run downto the electroweak scale mz, where the one-loop corrected effective potential is computedand the CMSSM spectroscopy calculated, including the one loop corrections to the charginoand neutralino masses. The pseudoscalar Higgs mass m^ is computed as in [28]. Exactgauge coupling unification is enforced and the prediction for aa{rnz) is shown (in units of0.001). It is also assumed that AQ = 0 and mb(mt,)MS = 4.25 GeV. For most of the points,mt = 175 GeV is used, but for points E and F the lower value mt — 171 GeV is used, forbetter consistency with [16].

34

Supersymmetric spectra calculated using ISASUGRA 7.51

Modelmi/2mo

tan/?sign(/i)AoTUt

Masses

HQ)\h°H°A0

H±

x?X°2x°3xixtxt9

e-L, PLeR, UR

n

vrUL, CLUR, CRd-L, SLdR, sRht2

62

A6131435+0

175

76811689389189525246777078546778413574352714282694354281211116712141161940117211261161

B25510210+0

175

34311338738639498179349370179370606206145190137209189546529552531400580503534

C4089310+0

175

520117584583589164303524540303540932293182282175295281833803837801635830769803

D53812610—0

175

6621177507497542214146676744146761203383239375233384374107510361078103284510399981028

E312142510+0

175

2551161435143414371191972623171933178041433142714311415142714251519151515211515987129212811503

F1043287710+0

175

548121295529532956434546551845537845237229422897294128732930292933973360339833562401296729613333

G38312520+0

175

485117521521527154285491506285506880290194278166296275789764793762601785713762

H153743020+0

175

1597124181318121815664121715991608121716083186109270910896641081107628342716283527032288264926192667

135818835+.0175

454117431430440143265460475265476828308234298159319285756732760730569742647725

J76731535+0

175

876121851851856321594879889594890166959942559333458957115081452151014451190140513351406

K1181100039.6—0

175

121312310701069107450693212151225932122525161260108812589311204119723982315240023051883212220532121

L46232645+0

175

5601184724714811883495645783495791051450370443242439409978948982945744-918819913

M1963150045.6+0

175

184212517371735173985415581843185515581855402919571658195512491809180337893643379036313016337833083388

Table 3: Mass spectra in GeV for CMSSM models calculated with ISASUGRA 7.51. Therenormalization-group equations for the couplings and the soft superymmetry-breaking pa-rameters include two-loop effects, and the dominant one-loop supersymmetric threshold cor-rections to the third generation Yukawa couplings are included. The Higgs potential is mini-mized at the scale Q = (rn^m^Y^2. The Higgs and gluino masses are calculated at one loop.The rest of the superpartner spectrum is calculated at tree level at the scale Q. The inputparameters have been adjusted so that the spectra best approximate those shown in Table 1.We have used the ISASUGRA 7.51 default values mp

bole - 5 GeV and a3(mz) == 0.118. It is

assumed that AQ = 0, m< = 175 GeV.

O26

35

Properties of proposed benchmark models

Model

nxh2

Byy

o-th

A(+At)A"

A0.262.83.540.15275

(292)6.0

(6.0)

B0.1828

2.800.1243

(47)1.3

(1.3)

C0.1413

3.480.14108

(117)5.7

(5.9)

D0.19-7.44.070.17166

(177)7.0

(7.0)

E0.311.7

3.400.1446

(153)106

(372)

F0.170.293.320.14325

(559)85

(1089)

G0.1627

3.100.1390

(97)9.3(11)

H0.291.7

3.280.141056

(1098)36

(36)

I0.1645

2.550.1176

(83)12

(13)

J0.2011

3.210.14272

(294)32

(33)

K0.19-3.33.780.16477

(537)91

(125)

L0.2131

2.710.12128

(138)7.3(29)

M0.172.1

3.240.141199

(1276)33

(206)

Table 2: Derived quantities in the benchmark models proposed. In addition to the relicdensity Qxh

2, the supersymmetric contribution to aM = (g^ — 2)/2 in units of 1O~10, and theb —>• sj decay branching ratio 10~4, we also display the amount of electroweak fine-tuningAn (all of the above quantities are calculated using SSARDj, and the amount of electroweakfine-tuning, calculated with the BMPZ code [32], using the ISASUGRA 7.51 versions of theinput parameters.

36

Mass spectrum for benchmark C

SUSY spectrum and main decaysm 0 = 9 0 , m1 / 2 = 4 0 0 , tanp - 10, /j, = 498

t2 u,,<

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33

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Figure 1: o~(gg —• h) x B(h —> 77), normalized to the SM value with the same Higgs mass,plotted in the (mi/2, mo) plane for /x > 0 and tan/? = 10.

48

[a(gg -» h) x(a)

77)]CMSSM/[°r(00 -* h) x B(h -+ 77)](b)

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500 1000 1500 2000

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0.80 < o * BR < 035

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0.95<o'BR<1.00

tan) 35,AO = O, j i<0, m, = 180 GeV i

500 1000

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1500 2000

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Figure 2: The cross section for production of the lightest CV-even MSSM Higgs boson ingluon fusion and its decay into a photon pair, a(gg —> h) x B(h —> 77), normalized to theSM value with the same Higgs mass, is given in the (mi/2, mo) planes for fi > 0, tan/3 = 50and mt — 170,180 GeV (upper row) as well as for // < 0, tan(3 — 35 and m* = 170,180 GeV(lower row). In all plots Ao = 0 has been used, and the notation is the same as in Fig. 1.The hatched region at small values of mi/2 is excluded from the constraint that radiativeelectroweak symmetry breaking should occur.

Prospective observability at the LHC

Model

mi/2

motan/3

sign(fi)h°,H°,AH±

xVxfsleptonssquarksgluino

A6001405+1030121

B25010010

+1166121

C4009010

+1133121

D52512510

1030121

E300150010+1060121

F1000345010+101001

G37512020+3135121

H150041920+100000

I35018035+3135121

J75030035

+3110121

K1150100035

3110121

L45035050+3131121

M1900150050

+100000

Table 4: Numbers of particles for each benchmark model thought to be accessible at the LHC.The observabilities we assume are obtained by extrapolating from previous simulation studiesby ATLAS and CMS.

50

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60 80 100 120 140 160Mh"(GeV)

60 80 100 120 140 160

200 -CO

160

Figure 12: Simulation of the detection of the Higgs boson in the processe+e~ -* Z°h°, from [42]. The various hatched peaks should the signalexpected for a series of values of ^he Eiggs boson mass from 80 GeVto 140 GeV. The h° is assumed to decay dominantly to 66; the threefigures show the cases of Z° decay to (a) vu, (b) l+l~, and (c) qq. Thedashed and solid unhatched peaks show the standard model backgroundwithout and with a b lifetime cut. The simulation assumes 30 f b - 1 ofdata at 300 GeV in the center of mass.

54

OLVL

.•••> ft)

10100

, IHo

I -1 .-.-L

55

Light Higgs

Study of Triple Higgs Coupling at CLIC

M. Battaglia

• Extract XHHH from a(e+e~ —* vvHH)for ME = 120 GeV/c2 (~ 20 - 25% atTESLA)• <r(e+e- -> vvEE) ~ a(e+e~ -> z/z/ZZ -^ 66)

A

A

dingr.l diasr.2

-H

diogr.3

Z\

dia«r.4

-ZL

'<:dissr.5 diagr.6

Precision on XHHH (5000 fb x

April 2001

Seminar

CLICA. DeRoeck

Page 27

56

SUSY

Particle pair thresholds

rai/2 = 400 GeV, ra0 = 400 GeV, tan/? = 35,A = -400 GeV, signal) < 0 (mSUGRA)

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Centre-of-mass Energy (GeV)

Many new particles with nearly degenerate masses

April 2001

Seminarcue

A. OeRoedc

57

37

,i ,.i ,i ti ,r .1 <i ...t a a it a

58

L (

E"

rrrCross section limit olim = 1 fb

•s 450

3, 400f3 350

300

250

200

150

100

50

•s 450

I 400p .3 350

300

250

200

150

100

50

S!o:I

500 GeV

i i i i i ~ i i r

500 1000 1500m1/2(GeV)

450

%\o :

500 GeV

i i i i i T i i i i i i r

500 1000 1500m1/2(GeV)

1.5TeV

i—rn—I—r~i—i—i—\—i—i—i—i—j—r

500 1000 1500m1/2(GeV)

450

400

350 -i

300 ~

250-^

200 -_

150-^

100 ~

50

oI

500 GeV1.5 TeV

T 1

500 1000 1500. m1/2(GeV)

59

Observable particles at linear e+e colliders

Vs

1.01.01.01.03.03.03.03.05.05.05.05.01.03.05.0

Model

m\/2

motan/3sign(^)Higgs

sleptsquaHiggs

xf±sleptsquaHiggs

X?*sleptsqua

TOTTOTTOT

A6001405+13904691246912133131

B25010010

+46914691246712203129

C4009010

+16904

691246912163131

D52512510—15904

691246912153131

E300150010

+160016334691271331

F1000345010

+12001600160037"8

G37512020

+16904691246912163131

H150041920+10001490469011419

I35018035+46904691246912193131

J75030035+1130

46734671252029

K1150100035—

10004690469911928

L45035050+16904691246912163131

M1900150050

+1000161046701817

Table 5: Numbers of particles accessible for each benchmark model for various lepton-antilepton collider centre-of-mass energies in TeV. Channels are considered observable whentheir cross section times branching ratio to visible final states exceeds 0.1 fb, taking accountof the invisible final states originating from some neutralino and sneutrino decay modes. Noconsiderations of realistic detection efficiencies have been included.

60

We wUJl vuuL <x. L C

LHC

< s e n A A ^ a

res t CJ

LC

61

Overall Layout of the CLIC complex at 3 TeV cm.

37.5 km

K-13.75 km 10 km 13.75 km

FROM MAIN BEAMGENERATION COMPLEX

Main Beams154 bunches of 4 10 9 e+ e- CTT39 Gev/c ->H<-20 cm

eMAINLINAC (30 GHz-150 MV/m)

DRIVE BEAMDECELERATOR624 m FROM DRIVE BEAMS

GENERATION COMPLEX!

~ 400 MW/m e+ POWER SECTIONSRF power at 30 GHz

22 Drive Beams: 243A/130 ns 2 cm, between bunches

22 dnve beams/hnac made of120 bunchesof 7.6 - 16.3 nC /bunchatl.24GeV/c _

130 ns or 39 mpulse length

4.2 us or 1.25 kmbetween beams

III I

>r92 ns

SUSY

Completing the Sparticle Spectrum at a multi-TeVCollider

CLIC 3TeV

e+e~->e eL R

missing E = 0.8 TeV

m~e = 1050 GeV mho = 115 GeV

eR -^ -•r'°

April 2001

SeminarCLIC

A. DeRoeck

63

= ±. 10

GeVHiggs- PYTHIA 6.120

Fitted, lOpbi/point

109.98 109.99 110

= ±01

110.01 110.02 110.03

o-s

64

± 60 £&V

, 120

100 -

80 -

60 -

40 -

20 -

0

Atr

= ± ID