The Echlin, Erskine & Sinclair Mayne families of Ireland

7/23/2019 The Echlin, Erskine & Sinclair Mayne families of Ireland

1/28

3

Unf Fhn`bj, Frslbjf $

Xbjh`gbr Agyjf dgab`bfs

md Brf`gje

Sgrt 9 md g AGRJF Mjf!jgaf Xtuey

Xff g`sm Sgrt 7 Unf Xfeimrmukn Agyjf dgab`y md Brf`gje

gt?nttp?--www*shrbie*hma-emh-;62>>827-
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2/28

7

SGYU 9 md g AGRJF Mjf!jgaf Xtuey

Unf FHN@BJ, FYXLBJF $ XBJH@GBY AGRJF dgab`bfsmd Hm* Emwj, If`dgst $ Hm* Eui`bj rfspfhtbvf`y, BYF@GJE

BJUYMEVHUBMJUnf agtfrbg` if`mw bs tnf stmry .bj efshfjegjt pfebkrff dmragt" md tnrff amrf Agyjf dgab`bfs md Brf`gje?

Fhn`bj Agyjf md Hm* Emwj Drma pgkf? 8

Frslbjf Agyjf md If`dgst Drma pgkf? 77

Xbjh`gbr Agyjf md Hm* Eui`bj Drma pgkf? 95

Bt bs mrkgjbsfe dmr fghn dgab`y bj turj bjtm tnrff pgrts wbtn mhhgsbmjg` grtbh`fs gs dm``mws ?!

Efshfjegjt Sfebkrff wbtn b`ùstrgtfe jmtfs mj fghn bjebvbeug` md tnf dgab`y*

Bjefx md bjebvbeug`s bj tnf pfebkrff*

Xmurhfs* @bst md tnf agbj rfsfgrhn smurhfs usfe .ifdmrf wfi smurhfs wfrf gvgb`gi`f"*

Grtbh`fsgimut tnf dgab`y bj kfjfrg` mr pgrtbhu`gr hngrghtfrs bj bt grf mhhgsbmjg``y bjhùefe

Unfsf pfebkrffs ngvf iffj rfsfgrhnfe gje hmapb`fe gs pgrt md g mjf!jgaf stuey md tnf AGRJF surjgaf

wnbhn wgs pui`bsnfe iyEgvbe Kmrfmj HE bj 933; \BXIJ? 2;>326832797>Q* Unf dm``mwbjk prmvbefe

agtfrbg` mr bj mtnfr wgys suppmrtfe tnf stuey? Omnj Agyjf bj Fjk`gje, Xtf``g @btt`f, Agrtng MKrgey gje

Irbgj AghEmjgè bj Brf`gje, gje Ob``bgj Dbsnfr, Ef`` Agyjf gje Ymifrt Ngrefj Xhmtt bj Gustrg`bg* Dmrstuey eftgb`s sffnttp?--www*mjf!jgaf*mrk-prmdb`fs-agyjf*nta`

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

MUNFYSGYUX MD UNF XUVER MD AGRJF DGAB@BFX

Nbstmrbhg` hngrghtfrs? h`mhlwbsf drma tmp `fdt? [g`tfr ef Agyjf, Xnfrbdd md Lfjt 76;3< Xgrgn Mtwgy Agyjf iy Omsnug

Yfyjmès 7;;6< @bfut* [b``bga Agyjf md tnf Ifjkg` Hgvg`ry 7>59< Xbr Ybhngre Agyjf .7;24!7>4>" dbrst Hmaabssbmjfr

gje dmujefr md tnf Aftrmpm`btgj Sm`bhf, @mjemj< Hfjtrf? @bfut* I`gbr Agyjf EXM/ md tnf XGX bj 7259*
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3/28

9

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wnbhn hmapmsf tnbs stuey grf `bstfe if`mw wbtn tnf nypfr`bjl wnbhn wb`` hmjjfht ymu tm fghn*

Mj tnf `gst pgkf grf smaf hmaafjts mj pmtfjtbg` `bjls iftwffj smaf md tnf dgab`y krmups wnbhn rfagbj

ujhmjdbrafe*

BYF@GJE

XFEIMYMVKN AGRJF md Dfragjgkn, Amjgkngj $ Eui`bj* nttp?--www*shrbie*hma-emh-;62>>827-

FHN@BJ AGRJF md Hmujty Emwj* "

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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4/28

8

Fhn`bj AGRJF md Hm* Emwj

Unf Fhn`bj Agyjfs, drma Xhmt`gje bj tnf 7>tn hfjtury, wfrf bjbtbg``y fstgi`bsnfe mj tnf Gres Sfjbjsu`g md Hm* Emwj dmr g

nujerfe yfgrs* @blf tnf Frslbjf Agyjfs, tnfy ifhgaf snmplffpfrs* Unfbr krmhfry gje wbjf stmrf wgs fstgi`bsnfe gt

Jfwtmwjgres, wnbhn stb`` rfagbjs tnf dgab`y nmaf .+Amujt S`fgsgjt+ wgs purhngsfe gimut 7>5;"* Unbs `bjf md Agyjfs bs ifst

ljmwj dmr mjf md bts 93tn hfjtury smjs, Ymifrt I`gbr Agyjf imrj bj 7276, gj fxtrgmrebjgry hngrghtfr wnm ifhgaf tnf amst

efhmrgtfe Irbtbsn smèbfr md tnf Xfhmje [mrè [gr* Gj grtbh`f gimut nba gppfgrs gt pgkf ; gt tnf fje md tnbs dgab`y sfhtbmj*

7 Omnj Fhn`bj Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7;>7, Gres Sfjbjsu`g, Hm* Emwj, Brf`gje

Yf`b? Srfsiytfrbgj

Omnj Fhn`bj wgs imrj mj tnf Xtrgjkdmre Sfjbjsu`g, Hm* Emwj, Brf`gje, md g Xhmttbsn Srfsiytfrbgj dgab`y wnm, bt bs sgbe, wfrf

fstgi`bsnfe tnfrf dmr g nujerfe yfgrs* [f em jmt ljmw drma wnbhn pgrt md Xhmt`gje tnfy mrbkbjg``y hgaf*

Hnbèrfj? [b``bga

7*7 [b``bga Agyjf OS

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Mhh? Ab``fr* Fstgi`bsnfe g dgab`y krmhfry $ wbjf stmrf gt Jfwtmwjgres, Hm* Emwj*

Yf`b? V`stfr Srfsiytfrbgj

Bj gimut 7>5; [b``bga purhngsfe tnf prmpfrty md +Amujt S`fgsgjt+ bj Jfwtmwjgres, Hm* Emwj, wnbhn bs stb`` tnf dgab`y nmaf*

Unf prmpfrty bs mj tnf mutslbrts md Jfwtmwjgres gje tnf nmusf nge iffj rfiub`t bj 7>39 ngvbjk iffj tnf agjsf md tnf Dbrst

Jfwtmwjgres Srfsiytfrbgj Hnurhn wnmsf abjbstfr nge tglfj pgrt bj tnf 7;2> rfif``bmj md tnf Vjbtfe Brbsnafj*

Xpmusf? Drgjhfs M+Jfb``

Hnbèrfj? Unmags .hg 7>56!"

7*7*7 Unmags Agyjf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? hg 7>56

Mhh? Xtmrflffpfr bj dgab`y iusbjfss bj Jfwtmwjgres*


Hnbèrfj? [b``bga .hg 7>;6!7258"

7*7*7*7 [b``bga Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? hg 7>;6, = Jfwtmwjgres, Hm* Emwj, Brf`gje

Efgtn? 7 7258, Jfwtmwjgres, gkf? 4>

Mhh? Umml mj dgab`y stmrf drma nbs dgtnfr*


[b``bga nge suddfrfe drma pm`bm bj nbs hnbènmme gje tnfrfdmrf wgs ujdbt dmr sfrvbhf bj tnf Dbrst [mrè [gr* Efspbtf tnbs nf

ifhgaf g rghbjk hyh`bst gje nujtfe wbtn tnf Jmrtn Emwj Ngrrbfrs `gtfr bj `bdf* Nf irfe gje rghfe pbkfmjs gje wgs g lffj

nmrtbhu`turg`bst, prujbjk gje krgdtbjk gpp`fs, pfgrs gje dbks bj tnfbr wg``fe kgrefj gt Amujt S`fgsgjt, gje wbjjbjk agjy prbzfs bj

tnf `mhg` Xnmw* Unf dgab`y agbjtgbjfe g afjgkfrbf md gjbag`s ! nmrsfs tm ergw tnf wgkmjfttf gje pmjytrgps, hmws dmr ab`l,

pmu`try, pbks, pbkfmjs, rgiibts gje sfvfrg` emks, tfrrbfrs gje g`wgys Gbrfeg`fs, [b``bga+s dgvmurbtf emk* [b``bga bs rfafaifrfe iy

nbs ymujkfst smj gs )vfry kfjt`f, efspbtf g afrhurbg` tfapfr)*

[b``bga gje Agrkgrft gje tnfbr sfvfj hnbèrfj wfrf g typbhg` h`msf!ljbt sf`d!hmjtgbjfe Srfsiytfrbgj dgab`y wnm wfrf gddùfjt iut

wbtnmut snmw mr prftfjtbmjs* Unfy lfpt twm bjemmr sfrvgjts gje g kfjfrg` ngjeyagj* Ebjjfr wgs bjvgrbgi`y gt abeegy dm``mwfe

iy nbkn!tfg gt sbx*

Xpmusf? Agrkgrft Imy`f Tgjhf

Ibrtn? Nm`ywmme, If`dgst, Brf`gje

Efgtn? gdt 7266, Jfwtmwjgres


5/28

5

Agrkgrft+s dgab`y mrbkbjg``y hgaf drma Huaifr`gje* Nfr krgjedgtnfr, Kbìfrt Tgjhf, wgs g `bjfj afrhngjt bj If`dgst* Xnf nge

jbjf sbstfrs gje g irmtnfr Kbìfrt .)tnf wbè mjf')" wnm fabkrgtfe tm Hgjgeg*

Agrkgrft, wnm wgs efshrbife gs )g strmjk eftfrabjfe wmagj), wgs g`bvf bj 7266 gt tnf tbaf md nfr smj Ymifrt I`gbr+s efgtn*

Agrr? hg 7>22

Hnbèrfj? Unmags .7236!728;"

[b``bga

Ymifrt I`gbr .7276!7266"Am``y

Igrigrg

Drgjhfs

Emuk`gs .7272!"

7*7*7*7*7 Unmags Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7236, = Jfwtmwjgres, Hm* Emwj, Brf`gje

Efgtn? 728;, Jfwtmwjgres, gkf? 89

Efgtn Afam? Xubhbef

Jm Hnbèrfj

7*7*7*7*9 [b``bga Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

7*7*7*7*8 Ymifrt I`gbr Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 77 7 7276, Amujt S`fgsgjt, Jfwtmwjgres, Hm Emwj, Brf`gje

Efgtn? 76 79 7266, Jfwtmwjgres, gkf? 53

Iurbg`? 74 79 7266, Amrvb``g Hnurhnygre, Jfwtmwjgres, gkf? 53

Mhh? Xm`bhbtmr* Hmaagjem $ XGX mddbhfr eurbjk Xfhmje [mrè [gr*

Feuh? Yfkfjt Nmusf Krgaagr Xhnmm`, Jfwtmwjgres< Wuffj+s Vjbvfrsbty, If`dgst .@gw"*


Jm Hnbèrfj

Ifdmrf tnf wgr Sgeey Agyjf nge qug`bdbfe gs g sm`bhbtmr, nge ifhmaf Brbsn Vjbvfrsbtbfs+ Nfgvywfbknt Imxbjk Hngapbmj, nge sbx

hgps dmr p`gybjk rukiy dmmtig`` dmr Brf`gje, gje bj 728> tmurfe wbtn tnf @bmjs .VL rukiy tfga" tm Xmutn Gdrbhg*

Sgeey Agyjf jfgr tnf XGX igsf gt Lgirbt bj 7259

Xfvfj yfgrs `gtfr @t Hm` Ymifrt .Sgeey" I`gbr Agyjf, EXM $ 8 Igrs, Hrmbx ef Kufrrf, @fkbmj e+Nmjjfur, wgs tnf amst nbkn`y

efhmrgtfe Irbtbsn smèbfr md tnf Xfhmje [mrè [gr* Nbs jgaf bs jmt wbef`y ljmwj tmegy iut nf bs stb`` rfvfrfe iy nbs Yfkbafjt,

tnf XGX, gje bj V`stfr wnfrf g irmjzf stgtuf md nba wgs frfhtfe bj 722;* Nf wgs g `grkf strmjk hmap`fx hngrghtfr, gj

fxgspfrgtbjk abxturf md mppmsbjk qug`btbfs, gje sm smaftbafs g egjkfr tm nbs drbfjes gs wf`` gs tm tnf fjfay* Rft gs g smèbfr mj

mpfrgtbmjs, nbs irgvfry, spffe md ghtbmj gje `fgefrsnbp irmuknt nba mutstgjebjk suhhfss gje rfhmkjbtbmj* Unf grtbh`f gt pgkfs ;!73

if`mw kbvfs g irbfd rfvbfw md tnbs dgshbjgtbjk hngrghtfr*

Xff g`sm?nttp?--immls*kmmk`f*hm*ul-immls=be19]_stTI_XdBH$`pk1SS7$pk1SG78;(v1mjfpgkf$q$d1truf
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6/28

6

7*7*7*7*5 Am``y Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

7*7*7*7*6 Igrigrg Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

7*7*7*7*4 Drgjhfs Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

7*7*7*7*; Emuk`gs Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7272

Xlfthn Sfebkrff md FHN@BJ AGRJF md Xhmt`gje gje V`stfr

Omnj Fhn`bj Agyjf, imrj 7;>7 bj tnf Xtrgjkdmre pfjbjsu`g

md g Xhmttbsn Srfsiytfrbgj dgab`y

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[b``bga Agyjf OS 1 Drgjhfs MJfb``

G ab``fr* Nf fstgi`bsnfe tnf dgab`y stmrf

gt Jfwtmwjgres wnfrf nf purhngsfeAmujt S`fgsgjt h*7>5;

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Unmags Agyjf

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[b``bga Agyjf 1 Agrkgrft Imy`f Tgjhf

Imrj h*7>;6* Hnbènmme pm`bm* Dgab`y drma Huaifr`gje* Nfr krgje!

Umml mj wbjf $ krmhfry stmrf drma nbs dgtnfr, Kbìfrt Tgjhf, wgs g `bjfj

dgtnfr* Yghbjk hyh`bst* Agrrbfe h*7>22 afrhngjt bj If`dgst* Xnf nge 2 sbstfrsSbkfmj dgjhbfr* Nujtfe wbtn tnf Jmrtn gje mjf irmtnfr, tnf wbè mjf, wnm

Emwj Ngrrbfrs* fabkrgtfe tm Hgjgeg*

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]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

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Unmags [b``bga Ymifrt Am``y Igrigrg Drgjhfs Emuk`gs

7236!8; I`gbr 7276!66

Xubhbef Imrj $ feuhgtfe

gt Jfwtmwjgres*

Xm`bhbtmr


7/28

4

@bdf!sbzf irmjzf stgtuf md Sgeey Agyjf bj Hmjwgy Xqugrf,

jfgr nbs nmaf gt Jfwtmwjgres, bj Hmujty Emwj, V`stfr*

BjefxFhn`bj Agyjf

AgyjfIgrigrg 7*7*7*7*6

Emuk`gs .7272 ! " 7*7*7*7*;

Drgjhfs 7*7*7*7*4

Omnj Fhn`bj .7;>7 ! " 7

Am``y 7*7*7*7*5Ymifrt I`gbr .7276 ! 7266" 7*7*7*7*8

Unmags .hg7>56 ! " 7*7*7

Unmags .7236 ! 728;" 7*7*7*7*7

[b``bga 7*7*7*7*9

[b``bga OS 7*7

[b``bga .hg7>;6 ! 7258" 7*7*7*7

MJfb``Drgjhfs spmusf md 7*7

TgjhfAgrkgrft Imy`f . ! :7266" spmusf md 7*7*7*7

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

XMVYHFX FHN@BJ AGRJF md Hm* Emwj

Unf Fhn`bj Agyjfs gje tnf Frslbjf Agyjfs .sfpgrgtf pfebkrff", wfrf twm, sm dgr ujhmjjfhtfe iut sbab`gr, Brbsn dgab`bfs wnm imtn

mrbkbjgtfe bj Xhmt`gje gje bj tnf 7>tn

hfjtury ifhgaf fstgi`bsnfe bj Hm* Emwj gje If`dgst rfspfhtbvf`y* Unf agbj smurhfs md tnf

agtfrbg` mj tnf Fhn`bj Agyjf dgab`y grf kbvfj if`mw*

)Ymkuf [grrbmr md tnf XGX ! Unf Ibmkrgpny md @t Hm` +Sgeey+ I`gbr Agyjf EXM .8 Igrs", Hrmbx ef Kufrrf, @fkbmj e+Nmjjfur)iy Ymy Irgedmre $ Agrtbj Eb``mj* Sui`bsnfe iy Omnj Aurrgy bj 72>;*

)Unf Efsfrt ay Ewf`bjk S`ghf) iy Egvbe @`mye Mwfj* Sui`bsnfe iy Hgssf`` bj 726;*)Unfsf Afj grf Egjkfrmus? Unf Xpfhbg Gbr Xfrvbhf gt [gr) iy Efrrbhl Ngrrbsmj* Sui`bsnfe iy Hgssf`` bj 726;*Gjfhemtg` fvbefjhf md afaifrs md tnf Xpfhbg` Dmrhfs H`ui, @mjemj*

Xff g`sm?Ymifrt I`gbr Agyjf EXM/
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8/28

;

YMIFYU I@GBY AGRJF, EXM/ .7276!66"

Gj grtbh`f gimut tnf hmap`fx hngrghtfr md mjf md tnf mutstgjebjk ab`btgry nfrmfs md tnf Xfhmje [mrè [gr

Jm Irbtbsn smèbfr bj tnf Xfhmje [mrè [gr wgs amrf efhmrgtfe tngj Ymifrt I`gbr Agyjf ! mjf md tnf sbx dmujefr afaifrs md tnf

Xpfhbg` Gbr Xfrvbhf .XGX"* I`gbr Agyjf .ljmwj bjfvbtgi`y gs Sgeey" wgs gj fxhfptbmjg V`stfragj, fjemwfe wbtn krfgt pnysbhg`

strfjktn, stgturf gje ujbquf`y swbdt rfd`fxfs, wnbhn nf usfe wbtn efvgstgtbjk fddfht ! bj tnf imxbjk rbjk, mj tnf bjtfrjgtbmjg` rukiy

dbfè, bj tnf igrs md If`dgst gje `gtfr bj igtt`f* Nbs ab`btgry slb`` gje fxtrgmrebjgry kg``gjtry bj wgrtbaf wfrf `fkfjegry gje

ghljmw`fekfe iy tnf gwgre tm nba md tnf Ebstbjkubsnfe Xfrvbhf Mrefr .EXM" dmr `fgefrsnbp gje pfrsmjg` hmurgkf mj jm dfwfr

tngj dmur mhhgsbmjs* Drgjhf gwgrefe nba imtn tnf Hrmbx ef Kufrrf gje @fkbmj eNmjjfur* Nf dbrst agef nbs jgaf bj tnf efsfrt

hgapgbkj bj jmrtn Gdrbhg wnfrf nf wgs afamrgi`y hrfebtfe wbtn ngvbjk efstrmyfe ifnbje fjfay `bjfs amrf Kfragj gbrhrgdt tngj

tnf Ymyg` Gbr Dmrhf* Nbs gueghbmus fxp`mbts hmjtbjufe eurbjk tnf hgapgbkjs bj Xbhb`y, Btg`y, Drgjhf gje Kfragjy, tnrmuknmut

wnbhn iy smaf abrgh`f nf survbvfe gàmst ujshgtnfe*

I`gbr Agyjf bj Ymyg` V`stfr Ybd`fs ujbdmra

I`gbr Agyjf wgs drma g Srfsiytfrbgj dgab`y wnm nge hmaf mrbkbjg``y drma Xhmt`gje gje sftt`fe bj Jmrtnfrj Brf`gje jfgr If`dgst

fgr`y bj tnf 7>

tn

hfjtury* Nbs krfgt krgjedgtnfr, [b``bga Agyjf, fstgi`bsnfe tnf prfsfjt dgab`y nmaf gt Jfwtmwjgres gje ifkgj gwbjf gje krmhfry iusbjfss tnfrf, wnbhn wgs stb`` d`murbsnbjk wnfj I`gbr wgs g imy* I`gbr wgs tnf tnbre smj md tnf dgab`y gje

jgafe gdtfr g hmusbj md nbs amtnfrs, Hgptgbj Ymifrt I`gbr EXM md tnf Imrefr Yfkbafjt wnm wgs lb``fe bj ghtbmj bj 7274* Unf

ymujk I`gbr Agyjf efrbvfe krfgt strfjktn drma nbs dgab`y .nf nge tnrff irmtnfrs gje tnrff sbstfrs", drma tnf stgib`bty md tnfbr nmaf`bdf gt Amujt S`fgsgjt bj Jfwtmwjgres, gje fspfhbg``y drma nbs amtnfr, Agrkgrft Tgjhf* Unrmuknmut nbs `bdf bt wgs g`wgys tm nfr

tngt nf turjfe dmr suppmrt*

I`gbr wfjt tm tnf `mhg` shnmm` gje tnfj stuebfe `gw gt Wuffjs Vjbvfrsbty bj If`dgst, wnfrf nf fafrkfe gs g dmrabegi`f nfgvy!

wfbknt imxfr gje p`gyfe rukiy dmmtig`` .sfhmje rmw dmrwgre" dmr Brf`gje gje mj tnf Irbtbsn @bmjs tmur tm Xmutn Gdrbhg bj 728 >*

Nf wgs hgppfe dmr nbs hmujtry sbx tbafs ifdmrf tnf wgr bjtfrvfjfe*

I`gbr wgs g hmap`fx hngrghtfr ! g agj md hmjtrgsts* Mj tnf mjf ngje nf hmuè if tnf kfjt`f kbgjt, rgtnfr sny, smdt spmlfj, drbfje`y

gje hmapgssbmjgtf ! snmwbjk krfgt hmjhfrj dmr tnf wf`dgrf md mtnfrs, g `mvfr md tnf hmujtrysbef wnm `gvbsnfe gttfjtbmj mj nbs rmsf

kgrefj* Mj tnf mtnfr ngje, nf hmuè if ujprfebhtgi`f, kbvfj tm i`ghl ammes, qubhl tfapfr gje snmrt iursts md ujhmjtrm``fedfrmhbty* Xuhn ifngvbmur bj g agj md nbs pnysbquf agef imtn drbfje gje mppmjfjt wgry md nba* Xmhbg``y nf wgs jmt g kmme

abxfr, ujhmadmrtgi`f wbtn wmafj gje ngppbfst wnfj nf wgs rmbstfrbjk wbtn nbs erbjlbjk hmapgjbmjs*


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Gje sm, bj 7253, tnbs gwlwgre, b``!ebshbp`bjfe, ujrf`bgi`f, ammey ymujk Brbsnagj dmuje nbasf`d ujefrkmbjk Hmaagjem trgbjbjk

mj Grrgj, g rfamtf bs`gje mdd tnf wfst hmgst md Xhmt`gje* Unbs prmvfe tm if tnf aglbjk md nba ! tnf aftgamrpnmsbs md Agyjf bjtm

g prmdfssbmjg` smèbfr* Unf eug`bty bj nbs jgturf wgs g`wgys tnfrf iut mj mpfrgtbmjs nf bjvgrbgi`y ifhgaf g strbht ebshbp`bjgrbgj,gvmbefe g`` g`hmnm` gje wgs gimvf g``, hmap`ftf`y rf`bgi`f* Nf nge qug`btbfs md `fgefrsnbp tngt nge iffj efvf mpfe mj tnf p`gybjk

dbfè gje nge g agrlfe gib`bty tm bjspbrf hmjdbefjhf ! jmt oust iy nbs `grkf pnysbhg` prfsfjhf .4 dmmt 8 bjhnfs tg`` gje 993 ìs" iut

iy nbs hgà sfjsf md purpmsf bj tbafs md strfss, nbs qubhl rfghtbmjs gje nbs fxtrgmrebjgry hmurgkf*

I`gbr dbrst sgw ghtbmj bj Oujf 7257 mj g Hmaagjem rgbe ifnbje Tbhny Drfjhn `bjfs mj tnf @btgjb Ybvfr bj Xyrbg* Bt wgs agrrfe iy

nfgvy `mssfs* Unfsf bjhùefe tnf efgtn md nbs HM, @t Hm` Ybhngre Sfeegr, wbtn wnma nf nge iffj sbjhf tnf Bs`f md Grrgj .tnf

mpfrgtbmj bs efshrbife bj tnf Jmtfif`mw"* I`gbrs tfapfrgafjt agef nba g ebddbhu`t suimrebjgtf, wnm hmuè rfght ige`y bdtnwgrtfe mr hrmssfe bj gjy wgy* Nf ermvf nbasf`d ujafrhbdu``y gje df`t fxtrfaf drustrgtbmj gt bjghtbmj, wnbhn smaftbafs `fe tm

i`ghl ammes, imuts md erbjlbjk gje vbm`fjt ghts* Gdtfr g `btt`f ebsgkrffafjt bj Fkypt wbtn nbs jfw hmaagjebjk mddbhfr, wnm nf

nge ljmhlfe ujhmjshbmus, I`gbr wgs rfshufe drma h`msf grrfst iy tnf bjdùfjhf md Hgptgbj Egvbe Xtbr`bjk* Unbs mddbhfr nge oust

iffj gutnmrbsfe iy Kfjfrg` Guhnbj`fhl tm dmra g jfw dmrhf tm mpfrgtf bj tnf efsfrt ifnbje Kfragj gje Btg`bgj `bjfs* Nf jffefe

ibk I`gbr Agyjf*

Jmrtn Gdrbhg gje tnf Fgstfrj Afebtfrrgjfgj 7257!58* Gdtfr tnf @btgjb Ybvfr Hmaagjem rgbe mj tnf Tbhny Drfjhn bj

Xyrbg, tnf jfw`y dmrafe XGX hgrrbfe mut mpfrgtbmjs gkgbjst fjfay gbrdbfès, mtnfr trgjspmrt gje bjstg``gtbmjs drma efsfrt

igsfs suhn gs Xbwg gje Ludrg bj Fkypt gje @biyg, gje tnfj bj 7258 tmml pgrt bj tnf `gjebjks bj Xbhb`y gje `gtfr Btg`y

Unfrf dm``mwfe g sfrbfs md mpfrgtbmjs iy tnbs jfw dmrhf, ljmwj gs @ eftghnafjt md tnf Xpfhbg` Gbr Xfrvbhf .XGX", gkgbjst fj faygbrdbfès gje supp`y `bjfs* Unf dbrst mjf `fe iy @bfutfjgjt Agyjf gkgbjst Ugaft gbrdbfè bj tnf @biygj efsfrt efstrmyfe 75 gje

egagkfe 73 gbrhrgdt, gje i`fw up imai gje duf` euaps* [btnbj dmur amjtns tnf rfputgtbmj md tnf jfw`y dmrafe XGX nge krmwj

gje I`gbrs pfrsmjg hmujt md fjfay gbrhrgdt efstrmyfe nge rbsfj tm mvfr g nujerfe* Bt wgs g efge`y iusbjfss* Gdtfr g rgbe mj

Dulg, I`gbr rfpmrtfe tngt tnf fjfay nge pmstfe g sfjtry mj jfgr`y fvfry i`mmey p`gjf* B nge tm ljbdf tnfa ifdmrf B hmuè p`ghf

tnf imais* Nf gje nbs tfga efstrmyfe 7; p`gjfs tngt jbknt*

Xuhn mpfrgtbmjs iy tnf XGX hmjtbjufe wbtn bjhrfgsbjk tfapm ujtb` tnf fje md 7259 wnfj tnf efsfrt wgr wgs vbrtug``y wmj* Iy

tnfj, Egvbe Xtbr`bjk nge iffj hgpturfe gje I`gbr Agyjf nge tglfj mvfr hmaagje md tnf XGX dmr tnf Xbhb`y `gjebjks* Bj tnbs

mpfrgtbmj, I`gbr nge tnf lfy rm`f md hgpturbjk gje efstrmybjk hmgstg` igttfrbfs gt Hgpm Aurrm eb Smrhm oust smutn md Xyrghusf* Bt

wgs g hmap`ftf suhhfss* Gj fxtrght drma tnf hbtgtbmj dmr tnf EXM .nbs sfhmje" gwgrefe tm I`gbr mj tngt mhhgsbmj rfges? Iy

jbkntdg`` Agomr Agyjfs dmrhf nge hgpturfe tnrff geebtbmjg` igttfrbfs, tglfj 563 prbsmjfrs gje lb``fe 9!833 Btg`bgjs* Unf dmrhf

rf!faigrlfe gje twm egys `gtfr hgrrbfe mut g ngzgremus egy`bknt `gjebjk tm hgpturf tnf tmwj md Gukustg* Bj imtn tnfsf mpfrgtbmjs

bt wgs Agomr Agyjfs hmurgkf, eftfrabjgtbmj gje supfri `fgefrsnbp wnbhn prmvfe tnf lfy tm suhhfss* Nf pfrsmjg``y `fe nbsafj drma tnf `gjebjk hrgdt bj tnf dghf md nfgvy Aghnbjf!kuj dbrf* Iy tnbs ghtbmj nf suhhffefe bj dmrhbjk nbs wgy tm krmuje wnfrf

bt wgs pmssbi`f tm dmra up*


10/28

2

Unbs wgs tnf dbrst mpfrgtbmj md agjy ujefrtglfj iy I`gbrs XGX eurbjk tnf Btg`bgj hgapgbkj md 7258* [nfj tnf XGX dbjg``y `fdt

Btg`y tm rfturj tm Irbtgbj dmr tnf E Egy bjvgsbmj vgrbmus trbiutfs wfrf pgbe tm tnfa* Kfjfrg` Efapsfy wrmtf tm I`gbr ! Bj ay

ab`btgry hgrffr gje bj ay tbaf B ngvf hmaagjefe agjy ujbts* B ngvf jfvfr aft g ujbt bj wnbhn B nge suhn hmjdbefjhf gs B ngvf bjymurs*

I`gbr Agyjf prbmr tm g hmaibjfe XGX gje Hmaagjem `gjebjk gt Ufram`b

mj tnf Btg`bgj fgst hmgst bj Mhtmifr 7258 .Snmtm ! Efrrbhl Ngrrbsmj"

Unf XGX fxpfrbafjt, wnbhn nge stgrtfe wbtn Xtbr`bjk gje Agyjf bj tnf efsfrt, nge prmvfe gj gstmjbsnbjk suhhfss* Iy tnf tbaf md

tnf Jmragjey `gjebjks bj Oujf 7255, tnf XGX rm`f nge iffj fxpgjefe gje wgs ujefrtglfj iy g Irbkgef md 9633 afj wnm nge

iffj trgbjbjk dmr amjtns mj tnf Xhmttbsn ammr`gjes* Unfbr tgsl wgs tm pgrghnutf ifnbje tnf `bjfs gje fstgi`bsn g sfrbfs md igsfs

drma wnbhn tnfy hmuè mpfrgtf bj strfjktn* Drma tnfrf tnfy wfrf tm ngrgss tnf fjfay, ebsrupt nbs vbtg` hmaaujbhgtbmjs gje

prmvbef eftgb`fe bjtf``bkfjhf dmr mur dmrwgre ujbts, gs wf`` gs trgbj gje suppmrt tnf Agqubs .Drfjhn rfsbstgjhf" bj sgimtgkf* Bj tnbskrgje efsbkj I`gbr hmaagjefe 7

stYfkbafjt XGX ! g ujbt tngt nge iffj efvf`mpfe drma tnf juh`fus md nbs efsfrt tfgas*

Fgr`y mj E Egy 4tn

Oujf 7255, tnf XGX hgrrbfe mut ebvfrsbmjgry pgrghnutf `gjebjks mj tnf Hnfrimurk pfjbjsu`gr tm tnf wfst md tnf

Jmragjey ifghnfs* Xuisfqufjt`y ujtb` tnf `bifrgtbmj md Sgrbs tnfy wfrf fjkgkfe bj tnfbr spmb`bjk rm`f drma Giifvb``f gs dgr smutn

gs Sgrbs gje tnf rbvfr @mbrf* Unf strfjktn md tnf fjfay rfghtbmj gkgbjst tnfa wgs g afgsurf md tnfbr suhhfss, iut tnfy `mst dbjf

afj wnm mj ifbjk tglfj prbsmjfr wfrf bjtfrrmkgtfe gje fxfhutfe iy tnf Kfstgpm* I`gbr wgs gwgrefe nbs tnbre EXM dmr tnfsfmpfrgtbmjs* Bt wgs fjtbrf`y euf tm @t Hm` Agyjfs dbjf `fgefrsnbp gje fxgap`f, gje nbs uttfr ebsrfkgre md egjkfr, tngt tnf ujbt

wgs gi`f tm ghnbfvf suhn strblbjk suhhfss, sgys tnf hbtgtbmj*

Bj tnf `gst amjtns md tnf wgr I`gbrs Yfkbafjt tmml pgrt wbtn tnf Hgjgebgj 5tn Gramurfe Ebvbsbmj bj tnf dbjg` irfglmut tnrmukn

Kfragjy wnbhn fjefe gt tnf Ig`tbh pmrt md Lbf * Unfy wfrf fqubppfe dmr tnbs pngsf wbtn nfgvb`y grafe Offps, fghn wbtn twm pgbrs

md twbj Tbhlfrs gje smaf wbtn *63 Irmwjbjk aghnbjf!kujs .I`gbrs vfnbh`f nge twm geebtbmjs ! g pui`bh geerfss systfa dmr

irmgehgstbjk ruef wmres tm tnf rftrfgtbjk Kfragjs gje g krgampnmjf mj wnbhn nf wmuè fje`fss`y p`gy Brbsn ig``ges"* 7stYfkbafjt XGX tnfrfdmrf nge tnf dbrf pmwfr iut tnfbr fddfhtbvfjfss wgs hmjstrgbjfe iy tnf tmpmkrgpny gje tnfbr `ghl md prmtfhtbmj

wnbhn agef tnfa vu jfrgi`f bj tnf gramurfe igtt`f* Unbs jfw rm`f dmr tnf XGX rfsu`tfe bj smaf md tnf wmrst `mssfs dmr tnf

Yfkbafjt* Mj mjf mhhgsbmj jfgr Mèfjiurk I`gbr wmj nbs dmurtn EXM .wnbhn agjy tnmuknt snmuè ngvf iffj g TH" bj g

efspfrgtf amafjt wnfj nbs dmrwgre Xqugermj hmaagjefr nge iffj lb``fe gje sfvfrg` md nbs afj wfrf wmujefe gje ujefr dbrf*Mj nbs grrbvg` I`gbr hgà`y emabjgtfe tnf sbtugtbmj gje )iy g sbjk`f ght md suprfaf irgvfry)jmt mj`y rfshufe tnf wmujefe iut

irmlf tnf hrust md tnf fjfay efdfjhfs bj tnf wnm`f md tngt sfhtmr *

Nfrf iy gjy stgjegres wgs g rfagrlgi`f agj wnmsf tbaf hgaf, gje wnm dmr dmur `mjk yfgrs nge erbvfj nbasf`d ujafrhbdu``y bj

mpfrgtbmj gdtfr mpfrgtbmj bj ebddfrfjt tnfgtrfs md wgr* Iut gt wngt hmst tm nbasf`d= Gt tnf fje md tnf wgr I`gbr wgs oust tnbrty, g

nfrm gje `blf agjy g rfturjbjk smèbfr ujsubtfe tm jmrag` sfefjtgry `bdf* Nf smuknt bsm`gtbmj gje kmt g omi wbtn tnf Dg`l`gje

Bs`gje Xurvfy dmr twm yfgrs bj tnf smutn Gt`gjtbh, iut bt smmj fjefe dmr nba wnfj tnf pgbj bj nbs ighl wnbhn nf nge egagkfe bj

tnf efsfrt ifhgaf ghutf* Nf dbjg``y nge tm rfsbkj nbasf`d tm mrebjgry `bdf* Nf ifhgaf Xfhrftgry tm tnf Jmrtnfrj Brf`gje @gw

Xmhbfty iut rfagbjfe ujsftt`fe ! gj ujngppy gje drustrgtfe agj mj imrrmwfe tbaf* Ibk I`gbr wgs g`mjf wnfj nf ebfe gt tnf wnff`md nbs rfe Yb`fy spmrts hgr rfturjbjk nmaf fgr`y mjf amrjbjk* Nf wgs oust dmrty yfgrs mè*


11/28

73

G aytnm`mky gimut I`gbr Agyjfs fxp`mbts gje nbs fxhfssfs ngs krmwj up mvfr tnf yfgrs* Bt hgjjmt ebskubsf tnf trutn tngt tnbs bs

gj fxtrgmrebjgry stmry md tnf survbvg` md g smèbfr gkgbjst g`` mees* Nbs nujtfrs bjtubtbmj gje spffe md rfd`fx, tnf `myg`ty gje

hmjdbefjhf nf bjspbrfe bj nbs afj, gje gimvf g`` nbs sf`d`fss hmurgkf wb`` `mjk if rfafaifrfe bj V`stfr gje bj tnf nbstmry md tnfXpfhbg` Gbr Xfrvbhf*

Offps md I`gbr Agyjfs 7stYfkbafjt XGX grafe wbtn twbj L Tbhlfrs aghnbjf!kujs .7933 rmujes pfr abjutf"

mpfrgtbjk 733 ab`fs smutn!fgst md Sgrbs jfgr Guxfrrf, Gukust 7255 .Snmtm ! Efrrbhl Ngrrbsmj"

Jmtf? Unf @btgjb Ybvfr Hmaagjem Ygbe

Mj 8re

Oujf 7257 @bfutfjgjt Agyjf wbtn 77 Hmaagjem, jfgr`y 533 strmjk, faigrlfe bj Hyprus dmr g `gjebjk bj strfjktn tm rgbetnf Kfragjs gje Tbhny Drfjhn bj Xyrbg* Gj gapnbibmus gssgu`t gkgbjst g efdfjefe snmrf bs mjf md tnf amst ebddbhu`t gje

ngzgremus md mpfrgtbmjs* Mj tnbs mhhgsbmj gs g rfsu`t md jgvbkgtbmjg` frrmr iy smaf md tnf `gjebjk hrgdt, agjy md tnf hmaagjems

wfrf put gsnmrf bj tnf tnbhl md fjfay efdfjhfs* Unfbr HM gje gimut ng`d md tnf mtnfr mddbhfrs gje 793 afj wfrf g`` lb``fe*

Efspbtf tnbs, tnf rgbe ghnbfvfe g afgsurf md suhhfss bj wnbhn I`gbr Agyjf p`gyfe g `fgebjk pgrt gje dmr wnbhn nf wgs afjtbmjfe

bj ebspgthnfs* Bj g `fttfr tm nbs irmtnfr tnf dm``mwbjk amjtn nf `mmls ighl mj tnf mpfrgtbmj gje efshrbifs bt bj, dmr nba ujusug`,

eftgb`?!

[f ebe g kmme pbfhf md wmrl wnfj wf `gjefe ifnbje tnf Drfjhn `bjfs gt tnf @btgjb Ybvfr* [f wfrf dbrfe mj gs wf `gjefe, iut kmt

mdd tnf ifghn wbtn g hmup`f md hgsug`tbfs* Unfj wf sgw g `mt md afj gje trgjspmrt gimut 433 ygres up tnf rmge* B hmuèjt

ujefrstgje bt gs tnfy sffafe tm if dbrbjk tnf wrmjk wgy, iut abknt ngvf iffj Gussbfs \tnfrf wfrf Gustrg`bgjs bj tnf G``bfe dmrhf

gevgjhbjk jmrtn tnrmukn Sg`fstbjfQ* Unfrf wgs qubtf g `mt md hmvfr ! lbje md ngydbfè ! B hrgw`fe up tm tnbrty ygres mr sm gje nfgre

tnfa tg`lbjk Drfjhn* Xm B stgrtfe wng`bjk krfjgefs gt tnfa gje ay afj mpfjfe dbrf* Gdtfr gimut dbvf abjutfs, up wfjt g wnbtfd`gk* Unfrf wfrf gimut dmrty md tnfa ! twm aghnbjf!kujs gje g amrtgr ! g jbhf igk tm stgrt wbtn* [f nge mj`y g hmup`f md afj

nurt* Unfy \tnf fjfayQnge iffj dbrbjk gt AhKmjbkg`s hrmwe wnm nge `gjefe durtnfr jmrtn* [f `fdt tnmsf prbsmjfrs gje pusnfe

mj* AhKujj, g Hgafrmjbgj, wgs bj hngrkf md ay dmrwgre sfhtbmj gje nf kmt stuhl, sm wf wfjt rmuje nba* B nge gimut dbdtffj

afj*

Bt kmt nb``y gje ngre kmbjk gje Drfjhnbfs g`` mvfr tnf p`ghf* Fvfjtug``y wf hgaf tm g pgtn wnbhn wf dm``mwfe gje hgaf mj g

emzfj au`fs gje mjf ljfw tngt tnfrf aust if smaftnbjk smafwnfrf gje wf hgaf mj bt oust rmuje tnf hmrjfr* Gimut tnbrty md tnmsf

df``mws sbttbjk twfjty ygres gwgy* B wgs rmuje dbrst wbtn ay rfvm`vfr, gje tnf sfrkfgjt nge g tmaay!kuj* [frf tnfy surprbsfe' B

hg``fe mj tnfa ofttfz!vmus `g p`gjhnf iut tnfy sffafe tm if g ibt s`mw mj tnf uptglf* Mjf md tnfa `bdtfe g rbd`f gje Ba gdrgbe

nf ebejt ngvf tbaf tm if smrry* Unbs wgs g smrt md NW p`ghf, typfwrbtfrs, gaaujbtbmj, rfvm`vfrs, imais gje, amrf tm tnf pmbj t,

iffr gje dmme* [f nge iffj kmbjk gimut sbx nmurs gje wf wfrf rfgey dmr bt*

[nb`f wf wfrf ebjbjk tnf pnmjf rgjk* [f ebejt gjswfr iut dm``mwfe tnf wbrf gje kmt gjmtnfr iu`` ! dmur aghnbjf!kujs, twm

`bknt aghnbjf!kujs, twm amrtgrs gje dbdty amrf prbsmjfrs* [f `mst mj`y twm afj .smujes `blf g Kfragj hmaaujbqu"* Bt wgs g`mjk tbaf sbjhf B nge g egy `blf bt* Fvfjtug``y, gimut fbknt nmurs `gtfr, wf hgaf ighl tnrmukn tnf Gussbf `bjfs* [f wfrf rgtnfr

tbrfe sm tnf prbsmjfr `geebfs lbje`y hgrrbfe tnf immty gje fqubpafjt* Unf rfst md tnf stmry hgj lffp ujtb` B sff ymu* B ga kfttbjk

rgtnfr tbrfe md tnf hmujtry \FkyptQ* Unf omi bs jmt ige, iut B hgjt stgje tnf jgtbvfs'


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77

Frslbjf AGRJF md If`dgst

Unf Frslbjf Agyjfs, drma g hmvfjgjtbjk dgab`y md Xhmttbsn Srfsiytfrbgjs, nf`pfe tm irbjk tnf d`gk md tfapfrgjhf tm V`stfr gje

`gtfr fstgi`bsnfe g krfgt efpgrtafjt stmrf bj tnf hfjtrf md If`dgst, )[* Frslbjf Agyjf @te*)* Unf stmrf gje bts irgjhnfs d`murbsnfe

dmr amrf tngj g hfjtury ujtb` tnf ghtbvbtbfs md Brbsn tfrrmrbsts dmrhfe bts sg`f gje h`msurf bj 72>9* G snmrt nbstmry md tnf eyjgsty tngt

wgs rfspmjsbi`f dmr tnf suhhfss stmry md tnbs dgab`y dbra, mjhf mjf md If`dgst+s amst dgamus jgafs, bs gt pgkf 97 gt tnf fje md tnbs

dgab`y sfhtbmj* Hgptgbj, tnf Yfv* Unmags Agyjf md Huaifrjguè, Xhmt`gje, wgs tnf dmujefr md tnf dgab`y bj Brf`gje*

Kgvbj Agbj [geef``sukkfsts tngt tnbs Unmags Agyjf hmafs drma tnf Agbj dgab`y md Ig``mhnjfy, 6 ab`fs drma Huaifrjguè*

7 Hgptgbj, Unf Yfv* Unmags Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7;9;, Huaifrjguè, Eujigrtmjsnbrf, Xhmt`gje

Efgtn? 7>34, Eruakmm`gje, Hm* Emwj, Brf`gje, gkf? ;2

Iurbg`? 7>34, Ig``yrmjfy-Eruakmm`gje Hnurhnygre, gkf? ;2

Mhh? Hgptgbj bj tnf Ymyg` Gray bj Xhmt`gje< Abjbstfr md tnf Xfhfssbmj Hnurhn bj Brf`gje*

Yf`b? Srfsiytfrbgj

Hgptgbj Unmags Agyjf drma Huaifrjguè, Eujigrtmjsnbrf, Xhmt`gje, dmuknt gs g vmùjtffr bj tnf Ymyg` Gray gkgbjst Imjjy

Srbjhf Hngr`bf gt tnf igtt`f md Dg`lbrl mj 98 Ogjugry 7;54* Nf gdtfrwgres agef prfpgrgtbmjs dmr tnf efdfjhf md Xtbr`bjk, g`tnmukn

nf wgs jmt tm tglf pgrt bj tnf igtt`f dmr tngt hbty* Unbs wgs ifhgusf md nbs rfdusg` tm tglf tnf mgtn md g``fkbgjhf bj tnf usug` dmra md

tmuhnbjk gje lbssbjk tnf Kmspf`s, wnbhn nf hmjsbefrfe supfrstbtbmus gje Smpbsn* Nf wgs hngrkfe wbtn ebs`myg`ty gje, bj tnf

vfrjghu`gr, )wgs put tm hmjsbefrgi`f bjhmjvfjbfjhf) gs g rfsu`t*

Xmmj gdtfr, nf ombjfe tnf Xfhfssbmj Hnurhn, g hmvfjgjtbjk Srfsiytfrbgj sfht, bj Xhmt`gje*

Mjf md tnf dmujefrs md tnbs hnurhn wgs Fifjfzfr Frslbjf .ebfe 7;88" wnmsf bjdùfjhf mj tnbs Agyjf dgab`y wgs suhn tngt

Unmags+ krfgt krfgt krgjesmj hgrrbfe tnf Frslbjf jgaf* Gs g rfsu`t tnf dgamus If`dgst efpgrtafjt stmrf dmujefe iy tnf dgab`y

hgrrbfe tnf jgaf +Frslbjf Agyjf+ dmr amrf tngj g hfjtury ujtb` tnf Agyjfs smè bt bj 72>9*

Hgptgbj Unmags Agyjf wgs hg``fe tm Brf`gje wnfrf nf wgs mregbjfe bj tnf Xfhfssbmj Hnurhn 93 Oujf 7;52 iy g efputgtbmj drma

tnf Iurknfr Srfsiytfry md K`gskmw* Nf wgs gppmbjtfe gs tnf dbrst abjbstfr tm Eruakmm`gje Sgrbsn .tnfj hg``fe Ig``yrmjfy" wbtn

bts tngthnfe hnurhn, bj Hm* Emwj mvfr`mmlbjk tnf Amujtgbjs md Amurjf* Nf wgs bj dght tnf dbrst Iurknfr abjbstfr tm if sftt`fe bj

Brf`gje* Uwm yfgrs `gtfr nf wgs mjf md tnrff afj wnm dmrafe tnf Xfhmje Srfsiytfry bj [b``bga AhLbj`fy+s dbfè gt Hgngjs, Hm*Amjgkngj*

Hnbèrfj? =Ymifrt

Unmags .7;5;!7>9;"

7*7 =Ymifrt Agyjf .`gtfr Afgjs"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Fabkrgtfe tm Imstmj, VXG*

Hnbèrfj? Ogafs

7*7*7 Ogafs Afgjs .Agyjf"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? Imstmj, VXG

Bj 7>99!96 Ogafs Afgjs nf`pfe nbs hmusbj Ymifrt +s wbdf, Agry Gjj Xabtn bj Brf`gje, mitgbj bjdmragtbmj gimut Ymifrt+s efgtn bj

Kfmrkbg*

7*9g Yfv* Unmags Agbjf/

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7;5;, =Xtfwgrtstmwj, Hm* Uyrmjf, Brf`gjeEfgtn? 7>9;, Ig``ygkgj, Kgrvgkn, Hm* @mjemjefrry, Brf`gje, gkf? >3

Iurbg`? 7>9;, =Mè Frrbkg`, Brf`gje, gkf? >3
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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79

Mhh? Xfhfssbmj Hnurhn< Mregbjfe gs dbrst abjbstfr md Kgrvgkn Agbj Xtrfft Hnurhn 7;;8*

Feuh? Bj Xhmt`gje? Xtuebfe Ebvbjbty ujefr Yfv* Omnj Irmwj md Ngeebjktmj*

Yf`b? Srfsiytfrbgj* Amefrgtmr md tnf Iurknfr Xyjme gt Hmmlstmwj bj 7>35*

Yfv* Unmags Agyjf .tnf ymujkfr" nge sfvfj hnbèrfj, prmigi`y g`` iy nbs dbrst wbdf, Abss Ljmx, md wnma mj`y tnf fèfst,

Ymifrt, bs snmwj if`mw*

Nf rfagbjfe gs abjbstfr gt Kgrvgkn dmr 65 yfgrs ujtb` nbs efgtn bj 7>9;* Bj hngrghtfr nf wgs sgbe tm if tghbturj iut wbtn g hnffrdu`

ebspmsbtbmj gje bj `gtfr yfgrs wgs bjh`bjfe tm hmrpu`fjhf* @blf nbs dgtnfr gt Ig``yrmjfy .Eruakmm`gje", nf g`sm prghtbsfe smaf

afebhbjf gje wgs rfputfe tm ngvf gj fxhf``fjt hurf dmr )tnf dg``bjk sbhljfs)*

Xpmusf? Ljmx

Ibrtn? Hm`rgbjf, V`stfr, Brf`gje

Hnbèrfj? Ymifrt .!7>7>"

Mtnfr Xpmusfs Igrifr, Ygjlbj .imrj Dbsnfr"

7*9g*7 Ymifrt Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? @bshg``, Kgrvgkn, @mjemjefrry, Brf`gje

Efgtn? 7>7>, Gukustg, Kfmrkbg, VXGMhh? Gpprfjtbhfe bj tnf `bjfj trgef

Ymifrt Agyjf wgs tnf fèfst md sfvfj hnbèrfj imrj bj Brf`gje*

Nf ifhgaf gpprfjtbhfe bj tnf `bjfj trgef gt @bagvgey gje wgs agrrbfe bj 7>33 tm Agry Xabtn, wnmsf amtnfr wgs tnf sbstfr md nbs

dgtnfr+s tnbre wbdf, Agrtng Xabtn .imrj Dbsnfr"* Bj nbs krgjesmj [b``bga+s ebgrbfs, nf bs efshrbife gs )g rfagrlgi`y ngjesmaf gje

hngrabjk agj, ifbjk sbx dmmt tg`` wbtn g dgbr hmap`fxbmj* Bj tnf fvfjbjks gdtfr wmrl nf usfe tm tfghn smaf md nbs dgtnfr+s afj

sfrvgjts tnf ruebafjts md feuhgtbmj, gje twm irmtnfrs jgafe Ammrf, wnm `gtfr ifhgaf wfg`tny dgrafrs g`wgys efh`grfe tngt tnfy

mwfe tnfbr wbsema bj `bdf tm Ymifrt+s lbjejfss*)

Bj 7>32 nf d`fe tm Gafrbhg euf, bt wgs sgbe, tm )g efit md nmjmur), `fgvbjk nbs wbdf gje twm hnbèrfj gt Kgrvgkn* Nf jfvfr

rfturjfe gje ebfe bj Gukustg, Kfmrkbg, jbjf yfgrs `gtfr*

Xpmusf? Agry Gjj Xabtn

Ibrtn? =Kgrvgkn, Brf`gje

Agrr? 7>33

Hnbèrfj? G`fxgjefr Xabtn .7>36!7>25"

Agrtng .07>73!"

Agry Gjj wgs tnf egukntfr md G`fxgjefr Xabtn $ Agrtng Dbsnfr md Kgrvgkn, Hm* @mjemjefrry* .Agrtng wgs tnf sbstfr md Agry

Gjj+s dgtnfr!bj!`gw+s tnbre wbdf"*

Gj gjfhemtf bs kbvfj gt tnf fje md tnfsf Jmtfs wnbhn bs gimut Agry Gjj gje nfr dgtnfr ifdmrf snf wgs agrrbfe, efshrbibjk tnf

ebddbhu`tbfs md trgvf``bjk bj Brf`gje tnfj*

Agry Gjj wgs efsfrtfe iy nfr nusigje bj 7>32 wnfj nf d`fe tm Gafrbhg* Jfws md nbs efgtn bj Gafrbhg ebe jmt rfghn nbs wbemw

ujtb` 7>99, dmur yfgrs gdtfr tnf fvfjt* Bt wgs jmt ujtb` 7>96 tngt snf wgs gi`f tm mitgbj `fkg` prmmd md nbs efgtn gje rfhfbvf nbs `gst

pmssfssbmjs, g `bjfj stgap, g kmè `mhlft gje g pnysbhbgjs ngjeimml* Bj tnbs snf wgs nf`pfe iy nfr hmusbj bj Gafrbhg, Ogafs

Afgjs md Imstmj*

Gj Gjfhemtf gimut Urgvf``bjk tm Eui`bj hbrhg 7;26

G`fxgjefr Xabtn wgjtfe tm kbvf nbs egukntfr Agrry Gjj g Ibi`f* Gs gt tngt tbaf tnfrf wfrf jm snmps bj V`stfr wnfrf g `fgtnfr

imuje Ibi`f hmuè if imuknt, bt wgs jfhfssgry dmr Ar* Xabtn tm aglf g omurjfy tm Eui`bj drma nbs nmaf gt Kgrvgkn*

Unf rmges iftwffj If`dgst gje Eui`bj wfrf tnfj bj g efp`mrgi`f hmjebtbmj, gje bj wbjtfr smaftbafs bapgssgi`f* Unf If`dgst

Xtgkf Hmghn, pu``fe iy sbx nmrsfs, tmml gt `fgst tnrff egys tm trgvf` iftwffj tnf twm tmwjs* Unf hmghn `fdt tnf Jfw Bjj, JmrtnXtrfft, gt 6 ga* rfstbjk tnf dbrst jbknt bj Jfwry gje tnf sfhmje bj Ermknfeg, gje wgs euf tm grrbvf bj Eui`bj gt jmmj mj tnf tnbre

egy< iut bj dght bt wgs jmt ujhmaamj dmr tnf omurjfy tm tglf gjytnbjk up tm g wffl*


14/28

78

Unf trgvf``bjk wgs jmt mj`y s`mw, tnf nmrsfs ifbjk hngjkfe fvfry ; mr 73 ab`fs, iut tnfrf wgs g`sm hmjsbefrgi`f egjkfr md tnf

pgssfjkfrs gje agb` ifbjk rmiife iy nbknwgyafj ! smaftbafs twbhf mj mjf omurjfy* Unf twm kugres, grafe wbtn `mgefe

iùjefriussfs, wfrf jm agthn gkgbjst mrkgjbsfe kgjks md nbknwgyafj tngt wmrlfe g`mjk tnf rmutf* Gt mjf tbaf rmiifry wgs sm

drfqufjt tngt pfmp`f mdtfj tmml tnf prfhgutbmj md huttbjk tnfbr igjl jmtfs bj twm gje sfjebjk fghn ng`d iy g ebddfrfjt pmst*

Dmrtujgtf`y mj tnbs mhhgsbmj, G`fxgjefr purhngsfe gje irmuknt ighl tnf Ibi`f .8" wbtnmut prmi`fas* Bt stb`` rfagbjs bj tnf dgab`y

wbtn gj bjshrbptbmj bj rfe bjl wnbhn rfges? )G`fxgjefr Xabtn 7;2>)*

7*9g*7*7 G`fxgjefr Xabtn Agyjf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>36, Kgrvgkn, Hm* @mjemjefrry, Brf`gje

Efgtn? 7>25, 77 Hm``fkf Xqugrf Fgst, If`dgst, gkf? >2

Mhh? Ufghnfr $ `gtfr pui`bsnfr md If`dgst< [rmtf rf`bkbmus trghts< Imtgjbst

Feuh? Gt 7> wfjt tm If`dgst Ghgefabhg` Bjstbtutbmj $ tnfj Lbègrf S`ghf Xhnmm`, Eui`bj*

Yf`b? Srfsiytfrbgj .Xfhfssbmj Hnurhn"

G`fxgjefr Xabtn Agyjf 7>36!25

G`fxgjefr Xabtn Agyjf wgs )md g efvmut gje sfrbmus ebspmsbtbmj)* Nf wgs gj gagtfur imtgjbst, shnmm` tfghnfr gje tnf dmujefr md

tnf dgab`y pui`bsnbjk $ imml sf``bjk iusbjfss* Bj tnf dgab`y trgebtbmj nf wgs g `bdf!`mjk tfftmtg``fr gje rf`bkbmus ghtbvbst*G`fxgjefr wgs irmuknt up iy nbs krgjedgtnfr, Yfv* Unmags Agyjf .tnf ymujkfr", gt tnf dgab`y dgranmusf gt Ig``ygkgj gimut g

ab`f mut md Kgrvgkn* Nf `bvfe tm gkf >2 gje bj `gtfr yfgrs wrmtf nbs rfabjbshfjhfs wnbhn grf qumtfe fxtfjsbvf`y bj )G Dgab`y

Yfafaifrs) .sff Frslbjf Agyjf +XMVYHFX+"*

Nf wfjt tm Kgrvgkn vb``gkf shnmm` iut bt wgs mj`y mpfj dmr tnrff wbjtfr amjtns md tnf yfgr gs tnf rfst md tnf tbaf tnf hnbèrfj

wfrf jffefe tm wmrl mj tnfbr dgtnfrs+ dgras* Gt gkf 7; nbs gjl`f wgs bjourfe bj g dg`` drma nbs nmrsf gje nf wgs tnfrfgdtfr jfvfr

gi`f tm wmrl mj tnf dgab`y dgra* Nf efhbefe nf wgjtfe tm if g tfghnfr gje gt gkf 7> wfjt dbrst tm If`dgst gje tnfj tm Eui`bj tm

baprmvf nbs feuhgtbmj* Nf rfturjfe tm Kgrvgkn bj 7>95 gje dmr twm yfgrs tguknt gt g shnmm` gt Amjfyebk* Unfj nf wmrlfe

supfrvbsbjk g Rgre dmr g dbra md afrhngjts $ ebstb``frs gt Ig``yrmjgj gje mhhgsbmjg``y ghhmapgjbfe sfg hgrkms md mgtafg`

trgvf``bjk drma Hm`frgbjf tm tnf Nbkn`gjes gje wfstfrj bs`gjes md Xhmt`gje* Bj 7>9> G`fxgjefr mitgbjfe g pmst gs tfghnfr gt tnf

Irmwj Xtrfft Xhnmm`, If`dgst, wnfrf nf rfagbjfe dmr sbx yfgrs gdtfr wnbhn nf stgrtfe tm wmrl du`` tbaf bj pui`bsnbjk gje

immlsf``bjk*

Bj 7>92 G`fxgjefr wgs mjf md sbx afj wnm wfrf tnf dbrst tm sbkj tnf Ufapfrgjhf S`fekf bj V`stfr* Bj 7>87 nf pui`bsnfe tnf dbrst

juaifr md )Unf Brbsn Xujegy Xhnmm` Ufghnfrs+ Agkgzbjf) .nf wgs Nmj Xfh md tnf If`dgst Xujegy Xhnmm` Vjbmj"* Gje sm ifkgj

tnf dbra tngt `gtfr hgrrbfe tnf jgaf md nbs smj )[* Frslbjf Agyjf @te* md If`dgst)* Xuisfqufjt hgthny tbt`fs nf pui`bsnfe wfrf

)Unf Amjtn`y K`fgjfr) .tnf dbrst ouvfjb`f agkgzbjf bj V`stfr", )Unf Srfsiytfrbgj Sfjjy Agkgzbjf) .imtn 7>85", gje )Unf

Ufapfrgjhf Bjtf``bkfjhfr) .7>84"*

Xpmusf? @ftbtbg Omnjstmj.f"

Ibrtn? =If`dgst, V`stfr, Brf`gje

Efgtn? 7>;5

G`fxgjefr $ @ftbtbg+s fèfst smj, [b``bga, wgs jgafe gdtfr Fifjfzfr Frslbjf .ebfe 7;88", mjf md tnf dmujefrs md tnf Xfhfssbmj

Hnurhn bj Xhmt`gje* [b``bga wgs ghtug``y igptbsfe mj tnf hfjtfjgry md Frslbjf+s efgtn*

Fifjfzfr Frslbjf nge nge g strmjk bjdùfjhf mj G`fxgjefr+s krfgt krgjedgtnfr eurbjk nbs hmjvfrsbmj tm tngt sfht md

Srfsiytfrbgjbsa wnbhn rfsu`tfe bj nbs amvf tm Hm* Emwj, Brf`gje, gje nbs mrebjgtbmj bj 7;52*


15/28

75

Agrr? 79 7 7>88

Hnbèrfj? [b``bga Frslbjf .7>88!7>29"

Unmags Xabtn .7>86!hg7>24"

Omsfpn Sgttfrsmj .Ebfe gs Bjdgjt" .7>8;!7>8>"

@ftbtbg Gjj .Ebfe gs Hnbè" .7>82!7>5;"

F`fgjmr Omnjstmj.f" .7>59!7272"

G`fxgjefr .Xgjey" Xabtn .7>55!7298"

Agrbgjjf .Agry" .7>54!7293"Sgu` H`bjtmj .7>5>!7>>;"

Ybhngre Omnjstmj.f" .7>63!7239"

7*9g*7*7*7 [b``bga Frslbjf Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 4 77 7>88

Efgtn? 5 7 7>29, gkf? 6>

Iurbg`? =K`fjgvy

Mhh? Umml mvfr nbs dgtnfr+s pui`bsnbjk dbra bj 7>44 gs )[* Frslbjf Agyjf @te*) md If`dgst*


[b``bga Frslbjf Agyjf 7>88!29

[b``bga wgs sfvfrf gje drukg` bj nbs ngibts gje g strmjk genfrfr tm tnf Ufapfrgjhf trgebtbmj gje nf wgs g`sm g vfkftgrbgj*

Nf `fe tnf dgab`y dbra tngt imrf nbs jgaf drma 7>44 ujtb` nbs efgtn bj 7>29* Nf fxpgjefe tnf iusbjfss bjtm pnmtmkrgpny gje

dbàs* Bj 7>27 )Unf Bjeustrbfs md Brf`gje) pui`bsnfe gj fjtry rfagrlbjk mj [* Frslbjf Agyjf+s vgrbfe gje krmwbjk ghtbvbtbfs?!

)Bj geebtbmj tm tnf `btfrgry sfhtbmj md nbs iusbjfss, Ar Agyjf nmès g dbjf`y sf`fhtfe kfjfrg` stmhl bj pnmtmkrgpnbh hgafrgs,

grhnfry, hrbhlft, hnbèrfj+s tmys, agkbh `gjtfrjs fth* gs g`sm ebhnrmbh .twm hm`murfe" bjl md Brbsn agjudghturf gje g`` lbjes md

dgjhy stgtbmjfry*)

G pmpu`gr spfglfr mj rf`bkbmus tnfafs, nf sngrfe agjy md nbs dgtnfr+s bjtfrfsts ! Unf Kmme Ufap`grs, Unf Igje md Nmpf

Amvfafjt gje tnf Brbsn Ufapfrgjhf @fgkuf dmr fxgap`f ! gje nf`pfe tm dmra tnf Xfhmje Imys Irbkgef bj If`dgst gje wgs

supfrbjtfjefjt md tnf Erfw Afamrbg` Hnurhn Xujegy Xhnmm`*

Xpmusf? Gjj Nmustfj If``

Gjj wgs mjf md tnf tnrff ifgutbdu` egukntfrs md Er* Eg`wgy If``, gje wgs tnf krgjeegukntfr md Er* Nmustfj md Ymtnsgy Nmusf,

Hm`frgbjf*

Agrr? 99 6 7>43

Hnbèrfj? Ymifrt Nmustfj .7>48!729>"Unmags Flfjnfge .7>44!7>22"

Nfjry Nmrjfr .7>4;!7267"


16/28

76

7*9g*7*7*7*7 Ymifrt Nmustfj Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>48

Efgtn? 729>, gkf? 46

Hgppfe twbhf gt rukiy dmmtig`` dmr Brf`gje bj tnf 7>>;!>> sfgsmj* Mjf md tnf dmujefrs md tnf mè Gìbmj Hùi gje Srfsbefjt md tnf

Jmrtnfrj Irgjhn md tnf Brbsn Yukiy Dmmtig`` Vjbmj bj 7>26!24* Nf wgs g`sm g lffj mgrsagj gje afaifr md tnf If`dgst Imgt

Hùi*

Xpmusf? Geg Ifgtbf

Geg wgs tnf egukntfr md tnf Yfv* Abhngf` Ifgtbf

Agrr? 83 79 7>27

7*9g*7*7*7*9 Unmags Flfjnfge Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>44

Efgtn? 7>22, gkf? 88

Mhh? )Smft gje erfgafr)*

@blf nbs krgjedgtnfr G`fxgjefr Agyjf, Unmags nge g krfgt `mvf dmr tnf Brbsn hmujtrysbef gje auhn md nbs pmftry wgs gimut tnfhngjkbjk sfgsmjs*

Bj 7>2; Unmags pui`bsnfe g s`ba vmùaf md nbs vfrsfs )I`ghltnmrj I`mssmas), md wnbhn [I Rfgts sgbe? )B `blf g krfgt efg`

gimut tnf `btt`f imml vfry auhn* Xmaf md tnf `bjfs grf jmt misfrvgtbmj iut hrfgtbmj ! g auhn ifttfr tnbjk* ) G hm``fhtbmj md nbs Brbsn

stmrbfs )Unf Nfgrt m+tnf Sfgt) wgs pui`bsnfe oust gdtfr nbs efgtn gt tnf fgr`y gkf md 88*

7*9g*7*7*7*8 Nfjry Nmrjfr Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>4;, = If`dgst

Efgtn? 76 79 7267, If`dgst, gkf? >5

Mhh? Agjgkbjk Ebrfhtmr md [* Frslbjf Agyjf @te* .`grkf If`dgst efpgrtafjt stmrfs"

Nfjry Nmrjfr Agyjf 7>4;!7267

Nfjry sfrvfe gj gpprfjtbhfsnbp bj tnf `bjfj trgef gje tnfj tmml mvfr tnf dgab`y dbra, [* Frslbjf Agyjf @te*, drma nbs dgtnfr mj

nbs efgtn bj 7>29* Bj nbs stfwgresnbp mvfr jfgr`y sbxty yfgrs, Nfjry amvfe tnf stmrfs tm prbaf hfjtrg` If`dgst sbtfs, fxpgjefe tnf

immlsf``bjk gra gje stgrtfe hbjfagtmkrgpny gje rfprmkrgpny .pnmtm hmpybjk"*

Xpmusf? Agrkgrft F`bzgiftn Ofssbf Drgsfr

Ibrtn? = @gjgrlsnbrf, Xhmt`gje

Agrr? 7>22

Hnbèrfj? G`fxgjefr Drgsfr .7237!725>"

Nfjry Feauje M+Emjjf``

Agrkgrft F* N*


17/28

74

7*9g*7*7*7*8*7 G`fxgjefr Drgsfr Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7237

Efgtn? 725>, gkf? 5;

Mhh? Irmgehgstfr

G`fxgjefr Drgsfr Agyjf 7237!5>

Unf fèfr smj md Nfjry $ Agrkgrft Agyjf, G`fxgjefr wgs efshrbife gs )dmrhfdu` gje kfjbg`)* Nf nge oust hmap`ftfe nbs d`ybjk

trgbjbjk dmr tnf YGD bj 727> wnfj tnf Grabstbhf wgs efh`grfe tngt fjefe tnf Dbrst [mrè [gr*

G irmgehgstfr gje yghntsagj wnm `bvfe girmge ujtb` 729> wnfj nf rfturjfe tm ombj [* Frslbjf Agyjf @te* Nf rgj tnf rgebm $

pnmtmkrgpnbh efpgrtafjt* Eurbjk tnf Xfhmje [mrè [gr nf wgs g afaifr md tnf mrbkbjg` Jmrtnfrj Brf`gje hmaabttff md FJXG

.mrkgjbsgtbmj dmr tnf fjtfrtgbjafjt md trmmps"*

Hnbèrfj? Ufrfjhf Drgsfr

7*9g*7*7*7*8*7*7 Ufrfjhf Drgsfr Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ufrfjhf Drgsfr Agyjf

Ufrfjhf Drgsfr Agyjf wgs tnf mj`y smj md G`fxgjefr Drgsfr Agyjf* Ufrfjhf wgs tnf dbdtn kfjfrgtbmj tm wmrl bj tnf dgab`y dbra*

Nf rgj tnf stgtbmjfry gje ergwbjk mddbhf ebvbsbmj md tnf hmapgjy gt 4 Emjfkg` Xqugrf Fgst, If`dgst*


18/28

7;

7*9g*7*7*7*8*9 Nfjry Feauje M+Emjjf`` Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Mhh? Hmddff dgrafr bj _gaibg* Ombjfe tnf dgab`y dbra gdtfr [mrè [gr 9 bj 7254*

Nfjry Feauje MEmjjf`` Agyjf

Nfjry Agyjf wgs g hmddff dgrafr bj Gdrbhg* Nf nge sftt`fe bj Gifrhmrj, Jmrtnfrj Ynmefsbg ._gaibg" mj nbs dgra wnbhn nf hg``fe

Ig``yagbj* Gt tnf stgrt md tnf 7282!56 wgr, nf ombjfe tnf Jmrtnfrj Ynmefsbgj Yfkbafjt wbtn wnma nf sfrvfe bj Ftnbmpbg gjeXmag`bg* Bj 7254 gdtfr dbvf yfgrs md wgr, tnf Gdrbhgj iusn nge rfh`gbafe amst md nbs dgra gje Nfjry rfturjfe nmaf tm ombj tnf

dgab`y dbra bj If`dgst*

Hnbèrfj? Efjbs N*F*

7*9g*7*7*7*8*9*7 Efjbs NF Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Efjbs wgs tnf dbdtn kfjfrgtbmj md tnf dgab`y tm wmrl gt [* Frslbjf Agyjf @te* Bt df`` tm nba tm sf`` tnf mè dgab`y dbra bj 7 2>9* Bj

7226 nf wgs `bvbjk gt Krmmaspmrt Hm* Emwj, Brf`gje*

7*9g*7*7*7*8*8 Agrkgrft F* N* Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Agrkgrft F N Agyjf wgs tnf twbj md nfr irmtnfr Nfjry* Xnf rgj tnf rfprmkrgpny .pnmtm hmpybjk" efpgrtafjt md tnf dgab`y dbra*

Agrkgrft FN Agyjf

7*9g*7*7*9 Unmags Xabtn Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? ; 77 7>86

Efgtn? hg 7>24, [g``gsfy, Hnfsnbrf, Fjk`gje, gkf? 43

Mhh? Gdtfr 73 yfgrs iusbjfss bj If`dgst nf ifhgaf gj fxpmrt afrhngjt bj Hnfsnbrf, Fjk`gje

Bj gimut 7>4>, wbtn nbs irmtnfr Xgjey, Unmags Xabtn Agyjf stgrtfe g krgbj gje hmaabssbmj afrhngjts gje fxprfss pgrhf`

hgrrbfrs bj If`dgst* Unf iusbjfss wfjt bjtm `bqubegtbmj tfj yfgrs `gtfr, gdtfr wnbhn Unmags sftt`fe bj Hnfsnbrf, Fjk`gje, wnb`f

Xgjey fabkrgtfe tm Gustrg`bg*


19/28

7>

Xpmusf? Igrigrg Gaf`bg Krfy Xhnff`f

Agrr? 95 5 7>4>, Xt Sftfr+s, Jfwhgst`f, Fjk`gje

7*9g*7*7*8 Omsfpn Sgttfrsmj Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>8;

Efgtn? 7>8>, gkf? 7

7*9g*7*7*5 @ftbtbg Gjj Agyjf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>82

Efgtn? 7>5;, gkf? >

7*9g*7*7*6 F`fgjmr Omnjstmj.f" Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 73 8 7>59

Efgtn? > 77 7272, gkf? ;;

Xpmusf? [b``bga Ymifrt Jf`smj

Agrr? = 95 5 7>44

7*9g*7*7*4 G`fxgjefr .Xgjey" Xabtn Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 73 4 7>55

Efgtn? 7298, gkf? ;>

Mhh? Gdtfr 73 yfgrs iusbjfss bj If`dgst nf fabkrgtfe tm Gustrg`bg*

Bj gimut 7>4>, Xgjey Agyjf, wbtn nbs irmtnfr Unmags, stgrtfe g krgbj gje hmaabssbmj afrhngjts gje fxprfss pgrhf` hgrrbfrs bj

If`dgst* Unf iusbjfss wfjt bjtm `bqubegtbmj tfj yfgrs `gtfr, gdtfr wnbhn Xgjey wfjt dmr g irbfd vbsbt tm nbs hmusbjs bj Gafrbhg* Nf

dbjg``y fabkrgtfe wbtn nbs wbdf, Ofgjfttf, tm Gustrg`bg* Afgjwnb`f Unmags sftt`fe bj Hnfsnbrf, Fjk`gje*

Xpmusf? Ofgjfttf F``bjmr Jffsmj

Agrr? ; 77 7>44

7*9g*7*7*; Agrbgjjf .Agry" Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7; 4 7>54

Efgtn? 7293, gkf? ;8

Mhh? [rbtfr

Gutnmr md )G Nbstmry md If`dgst)*

Xpmusf? Omnj @mwry

Agrr? 77 9 7>4>, G`drfe Xt* Hnurhn, =If`dgst

7*9g*7*7*> Sgu` H`bjtmj Agyjf!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 74 6 7>5>

Efgtn? 9> 4 7>>;, Lgjsgs, VXG, gkf? 82

7*9g*7*7*2 Ybhngre Omnjstmj.f" Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? ; 73 7>63

Efgtn? 77 7 7239, @bvfrpmm`, Fjk`gje, gkf? 67

7*9g*7*9 Agrtng Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? ifd 7>73Agrtng+s `fttfr tm nfr amtnfr bj Ig``ygkgj, Kgrvgkn, wrbttfj gimut 7>84 wgs sffj iy nfr irmtnfr, G`fxgjefr, bj If`dgst* Nf

rfpmrtfe tngt tnf [mmeiurj.f"s nge imuknt 7;3 ghrfs md `gje gje tnfbr `bvfstmhl tnfj hmjsbstfe md )8 nmrsfs, 6 hmws, 9 pbks gje 5

krgjesmjs)'


20/28

72

Xpmusf? Ogafs [mmeiurj.f"

Ibrtn? =Kgrvgkn, Brf`gje

Ogafs $ Agrtng fabkrgtfe tm Hgjgeg*

Bj g `fttfr wrbttfj iy Agrtng tm nfr amtnfr bj gimut 7>84 snf rfpmrtfe tngt Ogafs $ Agrtng nge dmur krgjehnb`erfj .jm mtnfr

eftgb`s grf ljmwj"* Xff Jmtfs mj Agrtng Agyjf*

Unfrf bs gjmtnfr `fttfr wrbttfj tm tnbs Agyjf dgab`y bj Brf`gje egtfe > Jmv 7>2; drma G* [mmeiurjf md Mttgwg, Hgjgeg, wnm bs

prfsuafe tm ngvf iffj g efshfjegjt md Ogafs gje Agrtng .Bj 7226 tnbs `fttfr wgs bj tnf pmssfssbmj md Efjbs N Agyjf md

Krmmaspmrt, Hm* Emwj, Jmrtnfrj Brf`gje"*

7*9g*9 Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ymifrt+s sbstfr bs rfhmrefe gs `bvbjk gt Ig``yjgdfgkn, Xtfwgrtstmwj, Brf`gje bj 7>99 wnfj jfws md tnf efgtn md nfr irmtnfr bj

Gafrbhg wgs rfhfbvfe ! dmur yfgrs `gtf*

7*9i Yfv* Unmags Agyjf/ .Xff gimvf"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Xpmusf? Igrifr

Mtnfr Xpmusfs Ljmx, Ygjlbj .imrj Dbsnfr"

7*9h Yfv* Unmags Agyjf/ .Xff gimvf"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Xpmusf? Ygjlbj .imrj Dbsnfr"

Mtnfr Xpmusfs Ljmx, Igrifr

7*8 Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Xpmusf? Omnj Yfbe

Mhh? Dgrafr drma Emjgh`mjfy, Brf`gje

Hnb`erfj? Agyjf

7*8*7 Hgptgbj Agyjf Yfbe

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Mhh? Gutnmr md 83 rmagjtbh gevfjturf immls dmr imys*

Hgptgbj Agyjf Yfbe, tnf gutnmr, wnm wrmtf smaf 83 immls wgs sgbe tm if )tnf amst pmpu`gr Fjk`bsn gutnmr bj Yussbg')

BjefxFrslbjf Agyjf md If`dgst

IgrifrVJJGAFE spmusf md 7*9i

IfgtbfGeg spmusf md 7*9g*7*7*7*7

If``Gjj Nmustfj spmusf md 7*9g*7*7*7

DrgsfrAgrkgrft F`bzgiftn Ofssbf spmusf md 7*9g*7*7*7*8

Omnjstmjf@ftbtbg . ! 7>;5" spmusf md 7*9g*7*7

LjmxVJJGAFE spmusf md 7*9g


21/28

93

@mwryOmnj spmusf md 7*9g*7*7*;

AgyjfVJJGAFE 7*8

VJJGAFE 7*9g*9

G`fxgjefr Drgsfr .7237 ! 725>" 7*9g*7*7*7*8*7

G`fxgjefr .Xgjey" Xabtn .7>55 ! 7298" 7*9g*7*7*4

G`fxgjefr Xabtn .7>36 ! 7>25" 7*9g*7*7

Efjbs N*F* 7*9g*7*7*7*8*9*7

F`fgjmr Omnjstmj.f" .7>59 ! 7272" 7*9g*7*7*6

Nfjry Feauje M+Emjjf`` 7*9g*7*7*7*8*9

Nfjry Nmrjfr .7>4; ! 7267" 7*9g*7*7*7*8

Omsfpn Sgttfrsmj .7>8; ! 7>8>" 7*9g*7*7*8

@ftbtbg Gjj .7>82 ! 7>5;" 7*9g*7*7*5

Agrkgrft F* N* 7*9g*7*7*7*8*8

Agrbgjjf .Agry" .7>54 ! 7293" 7*9g*7*7*;

Agrtng .07>73 ! " 7*9g*7*9

Sgu` H`bjtmj .7>5> ! 7>>;" 7*9g*7*7*>

Ybhngre Omnjstmj.f" .7>63 ! 7239" 7*9g*7*7*2

Ymifrt . ! 7>7>" 7*9g*7

Ymifrt Nmustfj .7>48 ! 729>" 7*9g*7*7*7*7

Ufrfjhf Drgsfr 7*9g*7*7*7*8*7*7Hgptgbj, Unf Yfv* Unmags .7;9; ! 7>34" 7

Yfv* Unmags .7;5; ! 7>9;" 7*9g

Unmags Flfjnfge .7>44 ! 7>22" 7*9g*7*7*7*9

Unmags Xabtn .7>86 ! hg7>24" 7*9g*7*7*9

[b``bga Frslbjf .7>88 ! 7>29" 7*9g*7*7*7

Agyjf `gtfr Afgjs=Ymifrt 7*7

Afgjs AgyjfOgafs 7*7*7

JffsmjOfgjfttf F``bjmr spmusf md 7*9g*7*7*4

Jf`smj[b``bga Ymifrt spmusf md 7*9g*7*7*6

Ygjlbj imrj DbsnfrVJJGAFE spmusf md 7*9h

YfbeOmnj spmusf md 7*8

Hgptgbj Agyjf 7*8*7

Xhnff`fIgrigrg Gaf`bg Krfy spmusf md 7*9g*7*7*9

XabtnAgry Gjj spmusf md 7*9g*7

[mmeiurjfOgafs spmusf md 7*9g*7*9

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

XMVYHFX FYXLBJF AGRJF md If`dgst

Unf Frslbjf Agyjfs gje tnf Fhn`bj Agyjfs .sfpgrgtf pfebkrff", wfrf twm, sm dgr ujhmjjfhtfe iut sbab`gr, Brbsn dgab`bfs wnm imtn

mrbkbjgtfe bj Xhmt`gje, gje bj tnf 7>tn

hfjtury ifhgaf fstgi`bsnfe bj If`dgst gje Hm* Emwj rfspfhtbvf`y* Unf agbj smurhfs md tnf

agtfrbg` mj tnf Frslbjf Agyjf dgab`y grf kbvfj if`mw*

)G Dgab`y Yfafaifrs ! G Irbfd Nbstmry md tnf Agyjf Dgab`y bj Brf`gje) .Gjmj"* Unbs bs bj typfshrbpt, wrbttfj gimut 7244, g hmpy

md wnbhn wgs prmvbefe iy tnf `gtf Yupfrt Agyjf md G`eimurjf, Ngapsnbrf, Fjk`gje*

Geebtbmjg` agtfrbg` wgs prmvbefe iy tnf prfsfjt dgab`y?!Efjbs Agyjf md Krmmaspmrt, Hm* Emwj*

Abhngf` Lf``y md @mjemj J7*


22/28

97

UNF YBXF GJE DG@@ MD G DGAMVX IF@DGXU ERJGXUR

G ymujk Xhmttbsn vmùjtffr drma Huaifrjguè dmuknt gt tnf igtt`f md Dg`lbrl gje wgs tnf dmujefr md g eyjgsty, wnbhn fstgi`bsnfe

mjf md If`dgst+s krfgt efpgrtafjt stmrfs tngt d`murbsnfe dmr g hfjtury gje g ng`d*

Mjf md tnf amst dgab`bgr jgafs md If`dgst hbty hfjtrf mvfr tnf `gst 763 yfgrs ngs iffj tngt md [ Frslbjf Agyjf* Unf jgaf

rfprfsfjts mjf md tnf krfgt eyjgstbfs md tnf rftgb` trgef, gje bs stb`` baafebgtf`y rfhmkjbsfe iy amst V`stfrafj gje wmafj* Unf

`bvfs md dbvf kfjfrgtbmjs md tnf Frslbjf Agyjf dgab`y wfrf tnf dmujegtbmj, hmjtbjugtbmj gje ftnms md tnf iusbjfss tngt krfw gs

If`dgst hbty ngs krmwj* Unf mrbkbj md tnbs eyjgsty, tnf hngrghtfr md tnf gustfrf hrusgefr wnm fstgi`bsnfe tnf iusbjfss, gje btssuisfqufjt fxpgjsbmj, aglf gj ujusug` stmry* Xge`y tnfrf bs jm ngppy fjebjk*

B hgaf ghrmss tnf dgab`y wnfj B wgs rfsfgrhnbjk tnf `bdf md Sgeey I`gbr Agyjf md Jfwtmwjgres, tnf XGX nfrm md tnf `gst wgr*

Unfrf grf strblbjk sbab`grbtbfs iftwffj tnfsf twm Agyjf dgab`bfs bj tngt imtn wfrf Srfsiytfrbgjs drma Xhmt`gje wnm nge sftt`fe bj

Hmujty Emwj bj tnf 7>tn hfjtury, nge dmujefe dgab`y snmps bj If`dgst gje Jfwtmwjgres rfspfhtbvf`y, gje prmeuhfe afj wnm

p`gyfe rukiy dmmtig`` dmr Brf`gje* Xurf`y tnfsf twm dgab`bfs nge g hmaamj mrbkbj* B wgs ujgi`f tm suistgjtbgtf tnbs* Bt sffas`blf`y iut, wnfrfgs Sgeey Agyjf nge gj gshftbh strfgl bj nba, nf wgs ngre`y bj tnf tfapfrgjhf trgebtbmj md tnf Frslbjf Agyjfs'

Unf Frslbjf Agyjfs hgaf drma Huaifrjguè jfgr K`gskmw* Unf jgaf +Frslbjf+ efrbvfe drmaFifjfzfr Frslbjfwnm wgs mjf md

tnf dmujefrs md tnf Xfhfssbmj Hnurhn bj Xhmt`gje ! g strbht`y gistfabmus Srfsiytfrbgj sfht, wnbhn hrmssfe tm Brf`gje grmuje 7;63*

Mvfr agjy kfjfrgtbmjs, tnfsf Agyjfs rfagbjfe strmjk genfrfjts mdFifjfzfrs p`gbj gje pbmus tfghnbjk*

Unf fgr`bfst ljmwj afaifr md tnf dgab`y bs Hgptgbj Unmags Agyjf 7;9;!7>34 wnm dmuknt gs g vmùjtffr wbtn tnf Ymyg` Graygkgbjst Imjjy Srbjhf Hngr`bf+s nbkn`gjefrs gt tnf igtt`f md Dg`lbrl 7;54 gje prfpgrfe tnf efdfjhfs md Xtbr`bjk* Unmags tnfj ombjfe

tnf Xfhfssbmj Hnurhn gje, wnfj nbs if`bfds hgusfe nba smaf ebddbhu`ty bj tglbjk tnf mgtn md g``fkbgjhf, nf hrmssfe tm Brf`gje

wnfrf bj 7;52 nf wgs mregbjfe gs tnf dbrst Iurknfr abjbstfr* Nf wfjt tm tnf Srfsiytfrbgj pgrbsn md Eruakmm`gje bj Hmujty Emwj

wbtn bts tngthnfe hnurhn, gje nf tf``s us tngt drma nbs nmusf nf nge g wmjefrdu` vbfw md tnf amujtgbjs md Amurjf* Unf `gtfHgptgbj gje jmw Yfvfrfje Unmags Agyjf ifhgaf tnf prmkfjbtmr md tnf Frslbjf Agyjfs md V`stfr, g`tnmukn bt wgs jmt ujtb` tnf

igptbsa md nbs krfgt krgjesmj, [b``bga Frslbjf Agyjf, bj 7>88 mj tnf hfjtfjgry md Fifjfzfrs efgtn, tngt +Frslbjf+ ifhgaf g

dgab`y jgaf*

G`fxgjefr Xabtn Agyjf, wnm wgs tnf dmujefr md tnf krfgt hngbj md If`dgst immlsnmps gje kfjfrg` stmrfs tngt imrf nbs smj+s jgaf,

nge gj bjguspbhbmus stgrt tm nbs `bdf* [nfj nf wgs gkfe mj`y dmur nbs dgtnfr, Ymifrt, d`fe tm Gafrbhg .euf tm g +efit md nmjmur+ bt bssgbe" efsfrtbjk nbs wbdf gje twm sag`` hnbèrfj* Xm bt ngppfjfe tngt G`fxgjefr wgs irmuknt up iy nbs krgjedgtnfr, Yfvfrfje

Unmags Agyjf .tnf ymujkfr", tnf smj md tnf mrbkbjg` Unmags wnm nge dmuknt gt Dg`lbrl* Bt wgs ujefr nbs krgjedgtnfr+s gustfrf

gje pbmus bjdùfjhf tngt G`fxgjefr ifhgaf g `bdf`mjk tfftmtg``fr gje rf`bkbmus ghtbvbst gje bj 7>92 nf wgs tnf dbrst V`stfrafj tmsbkj tnf p`fekf tm gistgbj drma `bqumr*

G`fxgjefr Xabtn Agyjf 7>36!25, bj abee`f gje mè gkf* Gagtfur imtgjbst, tfghnfr gje tnf dmujefr md tnf dgab`y

pui`bsnbjk $ immlsf``bjk iusbjfss* G `bdf!`mjk tfftmtg``fr gje rf`bkbmus ghtbvbst, bj 7>9> nf wgs tnf dbrst V`stfragj tm sbkj

tnf +p`fekf+

Gdtfr g sfrbmus dg`` drma nbs nmrsf, G`fxgjefr nge tm kbvf up wmrl mj nbs krgjedgtnfr+s dgra gt Ig``ygkgj, Hmujty @mjemjefrry*

Nf wgs gj gagtfur imtgjbst gje kbdtfe pgbjtfr bj wgtfr!hm`murs, iut amst md g`` )`btt`f G`bhl wgs g`wgys dmje md g imml), gje sm nfifhgaf g If`dgst shnmmàgstfr gje, bj euf hmursf, g pui`bsnfr gje immlsf``fr*

G`fxgjefr bs sgbe tm ngvf iffj )md g efvmut gje sfrbmus ebspmsbtbmj) iut nf wgs g`sm g agj md krfgt nuagjbty* Unrmuknmut nbs`mjk `bdf nf pfrsbstfe bj nbs wmrl dmr tnf tfapfrgjhf amvfafjt bj Brf`gje, gje bj 7>88, tnf yfgr nbs smj [b``bga wgs imrj, nf tmml

mvfr g sag`` pui`bsnbjk hmapgjy bj If`dgst, wnbhn agbj`y ebstrbiutfe rf`bkbmus gje tfapfrgjhf trghts* [btn tnf rfdmrabjk zfg` md

g abssbmjgry, nf sft gimut pui`bsnbjk g vgrbfty md agkgzbjfs gje mtnfr `btfrgturf mj tnf sgaf tnfafs* Nf wgs prmue md tnf hbty md
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Erskinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Erskinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Erskinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Erskine


23/28

99

If`dgst, pui`bh spbrbtfe gje g hmpbmus hmrrfspmjefjt md jfwspgpfrs gje md `fgebjk pnb`gjtnrmpbsts gimut prghtbhg` wgys md

g``fvbgtbjk tnf suddfrbjk gje pmvfrty md bts hbtbzfjs* Iy tnbs afgjs, ighlfe iy tnf pgapn`fts nf wgs pui`bsnbjk, G`fxgjefr wgs

bjstruafjtg` bj tnf dmujegtbmj md tnf If`dgst [mrlbjk Afj+s Bjstbtutbmj bj 7>;7< wnb`f feuhgtbmj, tnf Imtgjbhg` Kgrefjs, pui`bhnmusfs gje Xujegy shnmm`s wfrf smaf md tnf mtnfr suiofhts tngt hguknt nbs rfdmrabjk fyf*

[b``bga Frslbjf Agyjf 7>88!29

Fèfst smj md tnf dmujefr, nf `fe tnf dbra drma 7>44 ujtb` nbs efgtn* G tfftmtg``fr gje vfkftgrbgj*

G pmpu`gr spfglfr mj rf`bkbmus tnfafs* Nf fxpgjefe tnf iusbjfss bjtm pnmtmkrgpny gje dbàs

G`fxgjefr Agyjf rftbrfe bj 7>44 wnfj nf ngjefe tnf iusbjfss mvfr tm nbs smj, [b``bga, iy wnmsf jgaf tnf dbra ngs sbjhf iffj

ljmwj ! [* Frslbjf Agyjf* [b``bga dm``mwfe bj tnf drukg` trgebtbmj sft iy nbs dgtnfr gje tmml up agjy md nbs hgusfs* Nf tmmdmrswmrf g`hmnm` gje wgs gj grefjt suppmrtfr md tnf tfapfrgjhf gje vfkftgrbgj amvfafjts* [b``bga wgs g pmpu`gr spfglfr,

rgtnfr tngj g wrbtfr `blf nbs dgtnfr, gje bt wgs sgbe md nba tngt nf )hmuè ergw tnf ifst mut md pfmp`f gs fgsb`y gje gs h`fvfr`y gs g

sfgsmjfe tmpfr hgj ergw tnf hmrl mut md nbs dgvmurbtf imtt`f) ! g jbhf hmap`bafjt dmr g `bdf`mjk +gistgbjfr+' Bt wgs tnfrfdmrf jgturg`

tngt tnf iusbjfss snmuè amvf wbtn [b``bga bjtm dmras md hmaaujbhgtbmj ifymje immls gje pgapn fts* Unus drma pui`bsnbjk

gje immlsf``bjk bt fxpgjefe bjtm pnmtmkrgpny, dbàs gje g s`bef `birgry, wnb`f hgafrgs, stgtbmjfry, spmrts fqubpafjt gje hnbèrfj+s

tmys wfrf geefe tm tnf stmhl*

[b``bga+s smj, Nfjry Nmrjfr Agyjf, wnm `fe tnf dbra gdtfr tnf sueefj efgtn md nbs dgtnfr bj 7>29, wgs tnf grhnftypg` immlsf``fr*

Rft nbs qubft ujgssuabjk agjjfr ebskubsfe g lffj iusbjfss irgbj* Nf bt wgs jfkmtbgtfe tnf amvf md tnf stmrf tm prbaf sbtfs bj tnf

hfjtrf md If`dgst, fxpgjefe tnf agbj immlsf``bjk gra gje tmml tnf `fge bj fstgi`bsnbjk tnf Immlsf``frs+ Gssmhbgtbmj bj V`stfr*

Yfsu`tbjk drma nbs pfrsmjg` bjtfrfst bj hbjfagtmkrgpny, tnf iusbjfss ifkgj aglbjk gje snmwbjk dbàs, fspfhbg``y jfwsrff`s mdagomr fvfjts* Iy tnf turj md tnf hfjtury tnfy wfrf mpfrgtbjk amib`f hbjfags usbjk +`baf`bknt+ .gj bjtfjsf wnbtf `bknt kfjfrgtfe iy

nfgtbjk g hy`bjefr md `baf bj gj mxynyermkfj d`gaf" gje nge g `grkf dbà `birgry*

Dmr gàmst sbxty yfgrs rbknt up tm nbs efgtn bj 7267, Nfjry Nmrjfr Agyjf stffrfe tnf iusbjfss wbtn g surf gje pgtbfjt ngje* Iy

7293 jfwsgkfjts nge iffj geefe gje wmrl mj rfprmkrgpny wgs ifbjk hgrrbfe mut* @gtfr tnf stmrf stgrtfe ngje`bjk rgebms gje

krgampnmjfs, gje fvfjtug``y auhn md tnf f`fhtrmjbh fqubpafjt tngt bs jmwgegys hmjsbefrfe bjebspfjsgi`f dmr nmaffjtfrtgbjafjt*

Nfjry Nmrjfr Agyjf 7>4;!7267Krgjesmj md tnf dmujefr, nf `fe tnf dbra drma 7>29 ujtb` nbs efgtn ! 62 yfgrs' Nf amvfe tnf stmrfs tm

prbaf hfjtrg` sbtfs, fxpgjefe tnf immlsf``bjk gra gje stgrtfe hbjfagtmkrgpny gje rfprmkrgpny


24/28

98

Dmr jfgr`y twfjty yfgrs ujtb` nbs efgtn bj 725; Nfjry+s fèfr smj, tnf irmgehgstfr G`fxgjefr Drgsfr Agyjf, `mmlfe gdtfr tnbs pgrt

md tnf iusbjfss* Nbs sbi`bjk twbjs, Nfjry Feauje M+Emjjf ` gje Agrkgrft Agyjf suisfqufjt`y ombjfe tnf dbra, gs ebe Nfjry

Nmrjfr Agyjf+s twm krgjesmjs, Ufrfjhf gje Efjbs Agyjf* Unfy rfprfsfjt tnf dbdtn kfjfrgtbmj md Frslbjf Agyjfs sbjhf tnfiusbjfss wgs dmujefe mut md tnf rfdmrabjk zfg` md G`fxgjefr Xabtn Agyjf*

G`fxgjefr Drgsfr Agyjf 7237!5>* Nfjry Feauje M+Emjjf`` Agyjf*

Fèfr smj md Nfjry Nmrjfr Agyjf, nf wgs g Rmujkfr smj md Nfjry Nmrjfr Agyjf*

irmgehgstfr gje yghntsagj wnm `bvfe girmge Mrbkbjg``y g hmddff dgrafr bj Gdrbhg,

ujtb` 729> wnfj nf ombjfe tnf dbra gje rgj nf spfjt nbs wgr sfrvbhf tnfrf gjetnf rgebm-pnmtmkrgpnbh efpgrtafjt* ombjfe tnf dgab`y dbra bj 7254*Efshrbife gs dmrhfdu` gje kfjbg`*

Xge tm rf`gtf tngt [* Frslbjf Agyjf @babtfe, wnbhn ngs iffj suhn gj bjtfkrg` pgrt md tnf If`dgst shfjf dmr amrf tngj 743 yfgrs,

ngs jmw vbrtug``y wbtnfrfe gwgy* Bj tnf 72;3s, snmps bj tnf hfjtrf md tnf hbty wfrf tgrkfts dmr tnf tfrrmrbst imaifrs* Unf drfqufjt

h`fgrbjk md stmrfs dmr dg`sf g`gras ebe gàmst gs auhn hmaafrhbg` egagkf gs g rfg` imai*

Mj mjf afamrgi`f egy tnfrf wfrf jm `fss tngj dbvf sfpgrgtf imai shgrfs bj mjf md Frslbjf Agyjf+s stmrfs* Unfy agef `bknt md bt

g`` iut tnf fddfht wgs ghhuau`gtbvf* Bt wgs tnf efptn md tnf rfhfssbmj tngt mhhurrfe gt gimut tnf sgaf tbaf, wnbhn dbjg``y ef`bvfrfe

tnf +hmup ef krghf+ tm tnf hmapgjy, gje bj 72>9 tnf dgab`y nge tm sf`` mut* G`` tngt jmw rfagbjs md Frslbjf Agyjf bs tnf jgaf

mvfr g sag`` stgtbmjfrs bj Hm``fkf Xtrfft*

Unus mè fvb`s ngvf iffj rfp`ghfe iy jfw mjfs jfvfr bagkbjfe iy ymujk Hgptgbj Unmags Agyjf wnfj nf grrbvfe drmaHuaifrjguè jfgr`y 963 yfgrs gkm* Unf rfdmrabjk zfg` md nf gje nbs nfbrs agef smaf bapght gt tnf tbaf, iut nf wmuè tglf jm

omy wfrf nf tm sff tnf immabjk sg`fs md Kubjjfss bj If`dgst puis tmegy* Mj tnf mtnfr ngje, dbvf kfjfrgtbmjs md nbs efshfjegjts

tmml fxtrgmrebjgry prbef bj irbjkbjk ljmw`fekf gje p`fgsurf tm ab``bmjs md V`stfr pfmp`f, gje B tnbjl tngt mj ig`gjhf Unmags

Agyjf snmuè if wf`` sgtbsdbfe*

Abss AFN Agyjf,Unf twbj md Nfjry Ufrfjhf Drgsfr Agyjf, tnf smj md G`fxgjefrFM+E Agyjf, snf rgj tnf rfprmkrgpny Drgsfr Agyjf* Nf wbtn nbs hmusbj, Efjbs NF Agyjf,

efpgrtafjt md tnf dbra* wfrf tnf dbdtn gje `gst kfjfrgtbmj bj tnf dbra*

Unf bjsbkjbg md tnf hmapgjy? tnfy sffa tm ngvf usurpfe tnf Gras md tnf Agyjf dgab`y md Fxftfr'


25/28

95

Xbjh`gbr AGRJF md Eui`bj

Bjtrmeuhtbmj

[f hgjjmt dbje g `bjl iftwffj tnbs Xbjh`gbr Agyjf dgab`y md Eui`bj `gwyfrs gje tnf Dfragjgkn-Amjgkngj dgab`y md Amujt

Xfeimrmukn, g`tnmukn tnfy mvfr`gp bj imtn prmdfssbmj gje tnf grfgs bj wnbhn tnfy `bvfe gje wmrlfe* Unf Xbjh`gbr Agyjfs usfe t nf

jgafs md +Omsfpn+, +Ogafs+ gje +Grtnur+, jmjf md wnbhn grf hmaamj bj tnf Xfeimrmukn dgab`y* Unf mj`y Omsfpn dmuje bj tnf

Dfragjgkn dgab`y bs +Omsfpn Sf`nga Ku`stmj Agyjf+ smj md Ymifrt Agyjf $ Xgrgn Hrgwdmre md Ygtnirgj, Afgtn .Lbjk+s Bjjs

rfhmres"*

7 Omsfpn Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? hg 7;62, Brf`gje

Mhh? @gwyfr? Lbjk+s Bjjs, Gttmrjfy Fxhnfqufr 7;>9

Yf`b? Hnurhn md Brf`gje

Eui`bj Ebrfhtmrbfs snmw Omsfpn .Gttmrjfy" `bvbjk gt 67 Im`tmj Xtrfft, 7;25!7>36*

Omsfpn $ Yghnf`+s agrrbgkf 93 Agy 7;>7 bs rfhmrefe ujefr Abshf``gjfmus Agrrbgkfs bj Brf`gje 749;!7>33 bj [g`lfr+s Nbifrjbgj

Agkgzbjf* Unfbr agrrbgkf @bhfjhf .Imje" bs rfhmrefe ujefr )Eui`bj [b``s ifdmrf 7>33) .Jm*846"*

Xpmusf? Yghnf` Xbjh`gbr


Yghnf` Xbjh`gbr+s surjgaf bs vgrbmus`y spf`t +Xt H`gbr+ mr +Xbjh`grf+*

Agrr? 93 6 7;>7, Xt Agrbf+s, Eui`bj, Brf`gje

Hnbèrfj? Ogafs Grtnur .7;>5!"

=Ymifrt .hg 7;>>!"

Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr .7;29!"

7*7 Ogafs Grtnur Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ibrtn? 7;>5, = Eui`bj, Brf`gje

Mhh? @gwyfr? Lbjk+s Bjjs 7>33< Gpprfjtbhf tm nbs dgtnfr Omsfpn 7>34< Fxhnfqufr Xm`bhbtmr*

Feuh? Xuaafrnb``, Eui`bj, Brf`gje

Eui`bj Ebrfhtmrbfs snmw Ogafs+ geerfssfs tnfrf gs ?!

7>36? 89 Emrsftt Xtrfft

7>76!54? 8 Ngrewbhl S`ghf

7>53!54 Ogafs bs snmwj gs g Srmhtmr*

7*9 =Ymifrt Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? hg 7;>>, = Eui`bj, Brf`gje

Ymifrt bs tnf sfhmje smj md Omsfpn Agyjf .tnf jgafs md Ymifrt+s twm irmtnfrs grf ljmwj"* Nbs jgaf )Ymifrt) bs efrbvfe mj`y

drma tnf Urbjbty Hm``fkf, Eui`bj, rfhmre md nbs smj+s gttfjegjhf tnfrf bj 7>89 gkfe 7;* Nbs smj wgs imrj bj Hm* @mutn, Brf`gje*

Hnbèrfj? Omsfpn .7>76! "

7*9*7 Omsfpn Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>76, @mutn, Brf`gje

Feuh? Urbjbty Hm``fkf, Eui`bj? 7>89

7*8 Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7;29

Mhh? @gwyfr? Lbjk+s Bjjs 7>3>< Gpprfjtbhf tm nbs fèfst irmtnfr Ogafs< Xm`bhbtmr


26/28

96

Feuh? Jggs, Brf`gje

Unbre smj md Omsfpn Agyjf*

Eui`bj Ebrfhtmrbfs snmw Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr `bvbjk tnfrf gt ?!

7>93? > Vsnfrs Xt*

7>83!85? 96 @mwfr Kgrebjfr Xtrfft*

7>53!54? 95 @mwfr Kgrebjfr Xtrfft*

Hnb`erfj? Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr .7>7>!"

Ogafs Grtnur .7>72!"[b``bga Drgjhbs .7>95!"

7*8*7 Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>7>, Eui`bj, Brf`gje

Feuh? Urbjbty Hm``fkf, Eui`bj 7>84

7*8*9g Ogafs Grtnur Agyjf/

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>72, Eui`bj, Brf`gje

Mhh? @gwyfr? Lbjk+s Bjjs 7>53< Gpprfjtbhf tm nbs dgtnfr< Xm`bhbtmr

Feuh? Eui`bj

Ogafs Grtnur wgs tnf sfhmje smj md Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr wbtn wnma nf wgs gpprfjtbhfe gs g sm`bhbtmr bj Eui`bj*

Nbs Eui`bj geerfss bj 7>54 wgs gt 95 @mwfr Kgrebjfr Xtrfft, nbs dgtnfr+s nmaf*

Ogafs Grtnur .pmssbi`y wbtn nbs ujh`f md tnf sgaf jgaf" fstgi`bsnfe g dgab`y vgu`t gt Eruasjgtt, Hm* Amjgkngj, bj 7>62 wnfrf

tnf dgab`y wfrf iurbfe .G p`gquf tnfrf rfges )Os G Agyjf 7>62)*

Bj 7>42 Ogafs iub`t gje sftt`fe bj Guknjgag``gkn Nmusf, Hm* Amjgkngj .pbhturf"* Unfrf bs g egtf stmjf bj tnf wg`` md tnf nmusf

wnbhn rfges )G* A* 7>42)* [f prfsuaf tnf GA bs Ogafs+ wbdf +Gjjg Agyjf+*

Guknjgag``gkn Nmusf, Irgjtrba, Hm* Amjgkngj

Bj 7>;2 gs g wbemwfr gkfe 43, Ogafs agrrbfe wbemw Gjjbf Abjhnbhf*

Xpmusf? Gjjg Irge`fy

Efgtn? ifd 7>;2

Gjjg wgs tnf egukntfr md [b``bga Irge`fy, sm`bhbtmr, $ Hgrm`bjf Igy`y*

Xnf gje nfr nusigje iub`t tnfbr nmaf Guknjgag``gkn Nmusf, Hm* Amjgkngj, bj 7>42, gje tnf egtf stmjf ifgrs nfr bjbtbg`s? )G* A*

7>42)*

Agrr? 7>56

Hnb`erfj? Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr .hg7>54!"

Mtnfr Xpmusfs Gjjbf Agrbf Abjhnbhf .imrj Ammrf Ubtt`f"


27/28

94

7*8*9g*7 Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? hg 7>54

Mhh? @gwyfr? Igrrbstfr 7>;;< Mddbhf md Hmaamj S`fgs, Eui`bj*


Omsfpn `bvfe bj Ugjfy pgrbsn, Hm* Eui`bj*

Bj 7>>; nf wgs `bvbjk gt Xprbjkamujt, Eujerua, wnfj nf wgs gppmbjtfe tm tnf Mddbhf md Hmaamj S`fgs*

Bj 7>>>!>2, wnfj nf wgs g Ugjfy pgrbsn hnurhnwgrefj, nf wgs `bvbjk gt Xujjyigjl, Ugjfy*

Xpmusf? Yghnf` Bsgif` Ifrjgre

Ibrtn? =Eujerua, Ugjfy pgrbsn, Hm* Eui`bj


Yghnf` wgs tnf f`efst egukntfr md Er* Abhngf` Hngr`fs Ifrjgre AE md Eujerua, Hm* Eui`bj, Brf`gje*

Agrr? 5 > 7>42, Ugjfy Sgrbsn Hnurhn, Hm* Eui`bj

7*8*9i Ogafs Grtnur Agyjf/ .Xff gimvf"

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Xpmusf? Gjjbf Agrbf Abjhnbhf .imrj Ammrf Ubtt`f"

Gjjbf wgs tnf egukntfr md Agomr Ammrf Ubtt`f md tnf 8>tn Dfjhbi`fs, gje bj 7>;2 tnf wbemw md Ar* Abjhnbhf*

Agrr? 4 ; 7>;2, Ugjfy Sgrbsn Hnurhn, Hm* Eui`bj

Mtnfr Xpmusfs Gjjg Irge`fy

7*8*8 [b``bga Drgjhbs Agyjf

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Ibrtn? 7>95, Eui`bj, Brf`gje

Feuh? Urbjbty Hm``fkf, Eui`bj 7>59, IG 7>54

BjefxXbjh`gbr Agyjf md Eui`bj

IfrjgreYghnf` Bsgif` spmusf md 7*8*9g*7

Irge`fyGjjg . ! 07>;2" spmusf md 7*8*9g

Agyjf

=Ymifrt .hg7;>> ! " 7*9Ogafs Grtnur .7;>5 ! " 7*7

Ogafs Grtnur .7>72 ! " 7*8*9g

Omsfpn .7>76 ! " 7*9*7

Omsfpn .hg7;62 ! " 7

Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr .7;29 ! " 7*8

Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr .7>7> ! " 7*8*7

Omsfpn Xbjh`gbr .hg7>54 ! " 7*8*9g*7

[b``bga Drgjhbs .7>95 ! " 7*8*8

Abjhnbhf imrj Ammrf Ubtt`fGjjbf Agrbf spmusf md 7*8*9i

Xbjh`gbr

Yghnf` spmusf md 7


28/28

XMVYHFXdmr Xbjh`gbr Agyjf md Eui`bj

[g`lfrs Nbifrjbgj Agkgzbjf Abshf``gjfmus Agrrbgkfs bj Brf`gje 749;!7>33*

Lbjks Bjjs Geabssbmj Sgpfrs 743;!7>4;, Fe? Lfgjf, Sngbr, Xge`fbr* .Brbsn Agjushrbpt Hmaabssbmj 72>9"*

Gùajb Euibjfjsbs 7628!7>43* \Vjbvfrsbty md Eui`bj stuefjtsQ*Nbstmry md Ugjfy Sgrbsn, Eui`bj \Sfebkrffs md HnurhnwgrefjsQ*

Ugjfy Sgrbsn Agrrbgkf Yfhmres*

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Xff Sgrt 7 Unf Xfeimrmukn Agyjf dgab`y md Brf`gje gt?

nttp?--www*shrbie*hma-emh-;62>>827-

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

@BJLX IFU[FFJ DGAB@R KYMVSX BJ UNBX HM@@FHUBMJ

Unfrf ngvf iffj agjy ujsuhhfssdu` gttfapts tm ebshmvfr `bjls iftwffj tnf ebddfrfjt dgab`y krmups md

AGRJF bj tnbs mjf!jgaf stuey* Xmaf fxgap`fs ?!

Brf`gje $ Iuhls* Unfrf bs fvbefjhf bj Brf`gje bj tnf dmra md g 7;;8 afamrbg` stmjf bjshrbptbmj gt tnf

Agyjf vgu`t gt Egrtrfy tngt Ymifrt Agyjf .74;2!7;68" md tnf Xfeimrmukn dgab`y wgs imrj gt Hrfs`mw, jfgr

Nmkkfstmj bj Iuhlbjkngasnbrf, tnus `bjlbjk tnf Iuhls gje Brbsn irgjhnfs* G`tnmukn tnfrf grf eftgb`s md tnf

`grkf Agyjf dgab`y wnm wfrf fstgi`bsnfe gt Nmkkfstmj gje drma 7624 gt Hrfs`mw, jm rfhmre md tnbs

Ymifrts Fjk`bsn mrbkbj ngs iffj dmuje tnfrf*

Brf`gje $ Xhmt`gje* Xbab`grbtbfs ngvf iffj befjtbdbfe iftwffj tnf Fhn`bj gje Frslbjf Agyjf dgab`bfs* Imtn

fabkrgtfe drma Xhmt`gje tm tnf sgaf pgrt md Brf`gje bj tnf 7>tn hfjtury, iut jm hmaamj `bjl ngs iffj

ebshmvfrfe*

Efvmj* Bj tnf 74tn hfjtury, imtn tnf Agrwmme gje Xnbrwf`` dgab`bfs wfrf `bvbjk bj vb``gkfs oust tnrff ab`fs

gpgrt bj rurg` jmrtn Efvmj, yft jm hmjjfhtbmj iftwffj tnfa ngs iffj fstgi`bsnfe .tnf Xnbrwb`` dgab`y

bjhùefs tnf Hgtnm`bh prbfst, Xgbjt Hutnifrt Agyjf"*

Lfjt $ Efvmj* Unfrf ngvf iffj sfvfrg` pfrsbstfjt iut vgbj gttfapts mvfr tnf yfgrs tm h`gba efshfjt drma

tnf wfg`tny Lfjt Agyjf.y"s md tnf Abee`f Gkfs wnm, bt gppfgrs, ebfe mut gs g rfsu`t md tnfbr mvfrrfghnbjksuppmrt md tnf Lbjk eurbjk tnf Fjk`bsn Hbvb` [gr* Mjf 72tn hfjtury h`gba hgaf drma g `gwyfr, Omnj Unmags

Agyjf, md tnf Fxftfr dgab`y wnm wfjt tm tnf `fjktns md agjudghturbjk g spurbmus pfebkrff, pui`bsnfe iy

Iurlf, gje ghhuau`gtbjk pmrtrgbts md mtnfr Agyjf dgab`bfs tm suppmrt bt*

Brf`gje, Iuhls, Lfjt $ Jmragjey* G `grkf pfebkrff, prmeuhfe gimut 7233 iy gjmtnfr `gwyfr, Omnj

Egwsmj Agyjf .7>9>!727;", wgs wbef`y hbrhu`gtfe bj VL* Bt `bjlfe nbs Xfeimrmukn Brbsn dgab`y Agyjf gje

tnf Iuhlbjkngasnbrf Agyjfs wbtn tnf Agyjf.y" dgab`y md Lfjt, gje tnrmukn tnfa tm tnf Agyfjjfs md

Jmragjey .Drgjhf", ighl tm tnf yfgr >5> GE* G`tnmukn auhn md nbs egtg mj bjebvbeug`s prmvfs ghhurgtf, jm

fvbefjhf hmuè if dmuje tm hmjdbra amst md tnf `bjls nf nge geefe iftwffj tnf ebddfrfjt dgab`y krmups bj

tnf hmursf md tnf 92 kfjfrgtbmjs md nbs pfebkrff* Bt rfagbjs ujvg`begtfe gs g ibt md bjtfrfstbjk wbsndu`

tnbjlbjk'
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The Echlin, Erskine & Sinclair Mayne families of Ireland