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0 500 1,000250 Miles
The East Asian Realm
Pacific Ocean
SouthChina Sea
Sea of
Japa
n
China
Japan
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Mongolia
Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau
CoastalPlains
GuangdongPlains
HunanPlateau
S. Korea
N. Korea
China
• Geography– A factor of unity as well as
diversity.– 3rd largest country in the world.– Comparable surface with Europe
and the United States:• U.S.: 3.6 million square miles.• China: 3.7 million square miles.
– It is a lot but not enough.– 65% of the country mountainous.– Arable land represents 12% of the
national territory as opposed to 25% for the United States.
– Per capita (0.086 hectare) is well below the world average.
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000250Miles
China
United States
BB
China• 1- Huang He (Yellow River).
– Can carry up to 40% sediment weight (highest in the world).
– Subject to flooding, especially in its delta.
– Changed course many times.• 2- Chang Jiang (Yangtze).
– Longest river, China’s main street (6,300 km).
– Flood of 1998 left 14 million homeless.
• 3- Pearl River delta system– Most productive and
sustainable ecosystem in the world.
– Rice paddies and fish ponds.• 4- Heilong Jiang (Amur).
– China's border with Russia.
1
2
3
4
China
• Agricultural diversity– North: continental
climate growing wheat, sorghum and corn.
– South: subtropical climate growing rice.
– A China of the West with pastoralism and oasis agriculture.
Rice Dominant
Wheat DominantPasture andoasis
Double-crop rice
Japan
– Small-sized country; the size of California.– Average-sized population (127 millions).– Very limited array of resources:
• Favored the development of trade.• What Japan does not have on its national territory is obtained
through trade.• Its industrial corporations and its banks are controlling a
significant array of resources.– Domination of the Pacific Asian economy:
• Vast national market.• Productive labor force.• Financial power.• Technological innovator.
Japan• Physical constraints
– Physical geography increases the territorial exiguity.
– 16% of the land is habitable.– Fight against the scarcity of space:
• Long narrow valleys.• Concentration of agricultural
productivity.• Efficient management of existing
agricultural land.– Kanto plain:
• 30.5% of the population.• 8.3% of the surface of Japan.• 50% of the flat territory.
– Most of the Japanese population lives on an area the size of Indiana.
Yamato Plain
Kanto Plain
Nobi Plain
Hokkaido
Honshu
Kyushu
Shikoku
South Korea• Geography
– “The shrimp between the whales”.
– About the size of Indiana.
– Population of 48 million.
– Highly homogenous ethnicity and linguistically (100% Korean).
– Religiously divided between Christianity (49%) and Buddhism (47%).
– 75% urban with 27% of the population living in Seoul (13 million).
– 5 million Koreans live oversea:
• 1 million in the United States.
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Seoul
Taegu
Pusan
Chonju
Taejon
Kwangju
Inch`on
P'yongyang
0 100 200 30050Miles
China
Japan
North Korea
South Korea
Sea of Japan
Demilitarized zone
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Taipei
Fuzhou
Kaoshsiung
T'ainan
T'aichung
0 100 20050 Miles
Formos
a Stra
itC
hung
yang
Ran
ge
TaiwanChina
Taiwan• Geographical Context
– About 150 km (100 miles) from the coast of southeast China.
– About the size of Idaho.– Similar constraints than
neighboring countries:• 60% of the territory is
composed of mountains.• Chungyang Range covers
about 50% the total land area.• 25% usable for agriculture.
– Bulk of the population lives in the western coastal plain.
– Quemoy and Matsu islands:• Used for defensive purposes.
Quemoy
Matsu
Agriculture and GDP Composition by Sector
CHINA:Agriculture: rice, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, cotton, other fibers, oilseed; pork and other livestock products; fish
GDP composition by sector :l agriculture: 19%l industry: 48%l services: 33% (1994 est.)
JAPAN:Agriculture: rice, sugar, beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; world's largestfish catch of 10 million metric tons in 1991
GDP composition by sector :l agriculture: 2.1%l industry: 40.2%l services: 57.7% (1994)
NORTH KOREA:Agriculture: rice, corn, potatoes, soybeans, pulses; cattle, pigs, pork, eggs
GDP composition by sector :l agriculture: 25%l industry: 60%l services: 15% (1995 est.)
SOUTH KOREA:Agriculture: rice, root crops, barley, vegetables, fruit; cattle, pigs, chickens, milk, eggs; fish catch of 2.9 million metric tons, seventh largest in world
GDP composition by sector :l agriculture: 8%l industry: 45%l services: 47% (1991 est.)
TAIWAN:Agriculture: rice, wheat, corn, soybeans, vegetables, fruit, tea; pigs, poultry, beef, milk; fish catch increasing, reached 1.4 million metric tons in 1988
GDP composition by sector :l agriculture: 3.6%l industry: 37.3%l services: 59.1% (1994 est.)
North
South
RICE
Terrace Making North and South