The Dynamic Crust

and

Earthquakes“The test is to recognize the mistake, admit it and correct it. To have tried to do something and

failed is vastly better than to have tried to do nothing and succeeded.”

Dale E. Turner

"A liberally educated person meets new ideas with curiosity and fascination. An illiberally educated

person meets new ideas with fear.“

James B. Stockdale

"Experience is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the lesson afterward."

Vernon Law

Thursday, March 19th, 2009

TEST THE FIFTH

Directions: This test is designed to let your teacher know how much information you have learned over the past few weeks, and to allow you to gauge this as well. Remember to think about your notes, and all the examples and demonstrations that we’ve done in class. Read each question carefully and completely before making your response, and make sure that whatever you write answers every part of the question. Do not leave any blank questions or naked numbers. Blank questions will be marked off at twice the rate of a wrong answer. Relax, good luck, and enjoy!

0. What is the purpose of meaning?

1. Igneous rocks on the ocena floor that have an alternating pattern of magnetic orientation provide evidence that:A. Ocean tides are cyclic B. The seafloor is spreadingC. Mountains are rising D. The earth is being struck by meteorites _________

2. According to the ESRT, as depth within the Earth’s interior increases, theA. Density increases, but temperature and pressure do not.B. Density, pressure, and temperature increaseC. Density, pressure, and temperature decreaseD. Density and pressure increase, but temperature decreases _________

3. A seismograph station that is 2,000 km from the epicenter of an earthquake received an S-wave at 11:30 p.m. According to the ESRT, when did the earthquake occur?A. 11:33:30 p.m. B. 11:22: 40 p.m. C. 11:26 p.m. D. 11:37:20 p.m. _________

4. Which of the following waves can move through solids, only?A. S-waves B. P-waves C. Both S- and P-waves _________

5-7. Use the diagram below to answer questions five through seven.

Name ________________________________________________ Date ______________ Period _______

TEST THE FIFTH: THE DYNAMIC CRUST AND EARTHQUAKES

5. What type of plate boundary is located at the Jordan fault?

6. Using your ESRT, name a place in the US where a similar type of boundary is found.

7. Do you expect this area to be prone to earthquakes? EXPLAIN!

8. The presence of eurypterid (fossils of organisms that lived in ancient seas) fossils in New York State bedrock indicates thatA. eurypterids lived in land environmentsB. eurypterids first appeared on Earth during the Devonian PeriodC. most of New York State was once a mountainous regionD. areas of New York State were once covered with shallow seas _________

9. Use the map of the sea floor below to answer question 9.

Draw in, using the key provided, the possible magnetic polarity of the rocks on the sea floor.

10. Which statement about the Earth’s crust is true?A. It is thinnest under the center of continentsB. It is of uniform thicknessC. It is thicker under the poles than the equatorD. It is thinnest under the oceans _________

11. The theory of continental drift suggests that A. Present-day South America and Africa are moving towards eachotherB. Present-day South America and Africa once fit together like puzzle partsC. Continents move due to the coriolis effect caused by the Earth’s rotationD. Continents move due to changes in the Earth’s velocity. _________

12. What is the total distance that a P-wave will travel in 7 minutes and 20 seconds?A. 2,800 km. B. 5,800 km. C. 7,200 km D. 4,200 km _________

13. Which statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves?A. P-waves travel faster than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.B. P-waves travel faster than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.C. P-waves travel slower than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zonesD. P-waves travel slower than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones. _________

14. What is one thing that you could do to make a building more resistant to damage from an earthquake? You may write, draw, or both.

= Normal

= Reversed

Mid

-oc

ean

ridg

e

15. Explain how the Hawaiian Islands have been and are being formed. You may write, draw or both.

16-19. Use the diagrams below to answer questions sixteen through nineteen.

18. Using your ESRT, name a location on the Earth’s crust where a boundary like B exists. In your answer, name what type of boundary is it, and name the two plates involved.

19. What is causing the movement of the tectonic plates in ALL of the diagrams above? You may write, draw or both.

20. Which features are most often found at crustal plate boundaries?A. Plains and plateaus B. Faulted bedrock and volcanoesC. Geysers and glaciers D. Meandering rivers and warm-water lakes _________

16. Which diagram best represents the San Andreas Fault? What type of plate boundary is it?

17. Which diagram best represents the kind of boundary in the Atlantic Ocean between Africa and South America? What feature is being formed?

A

B

C

21. The photograph below is of an actual fault. The rock on top from the pacific plate is overriding the rock on the bottom (near the automobile) of the North American plate. What type of plate boundary do you think this is?

22. WHERE and HOW were the layers of sedimentary rock In the picture originally formed?

23. An earthquake happened:

145 mi from Pittsburgh,

180 mi from Cleveland and

172 mi from Londres.

Where was the epicenter? Circle the spot on the map!