The Diversity of Oregon Licensed Health Care Workforce ... · (18%) and of those that speak Spanish, 69 percent reported using Spanish while providing patient care. Of these, only

Page 1

Race, ethnicity, and gender

Office of Health Analytics The Diversity of Oregon’s Licensed Health Care Workforce Based on data collected during 2016 and 2017

2.4%

0.7%

0.5%

6.2%

0.6%

1.6%

5.2%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other

Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander

Asian

American Indian/Alaska Native

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latino

Figure 2: Health Care Workforce vs PopulationFigure 2: Health care workforce vs Population

Oregon’s population has become more diverse. Since 2009,

the white population has decreased from 80.4% to 77.0%

(ACS; 5 year estimates), while other racial and ethnic popula-

tions have increased (Figure 1). Oregon’s health care work-

force is less racially and ethnically diverse than the popula-

tion being served (Figure 2), with Whites and Asians being

overrepresented and Hispanics being underrepresented.

Table 1 (Page 2) shows the distribution of health care pro-

fessions’ race, ethnicity and gender compared with the state’s

population. Differences are noted at the 0.5 percentage

point level. Overall, Hispanic and multi-racial health care

providers are underrepresented and white health care profes-

sionals are overrepresented in almost all professions. How-

ever, Hispanics tend to be more represented in fields with

fewer licensure requirements (e.g. certified nursing assis-

tants).

While females are overrepresented in most professions, men

tend to be overrepresented in fields requiring more ad-

vanced training (e.g. dentistry and medicine).

The licensed health care workforce in nearly all Oregon

counties is less Hispanic than the overall population (except

in Gilliam Country, which has only nine providers). Figure 3

shows the difference between the percentage of Hispanic

health care professionals and the Hispanic population by

county, with darker blue indicating a bigger gap. Though not

evident in this map, while counties with a larger-than-

Figure 1: Increasing diversity in Oregon

Note: Providers with missing data were excluded from the analysis. Racial

categories exclude Hispanics.

This report provides a snapshot of the state’s health care

workforce diversity using data collected by the Oregon

Health Authority in collaboration with 14 health professional

licensing boards. Future reports will include data of three

additional licensing boards (See page 6 for Board

information). Data are self-reported at the time of license

renewal and do not capture all active licensees in the State.

This report explores the relative distribution of selected

health care professions, including primary, oral health, and

behavioral health care providers, and the population by race,

ethnicity, gender and language.

OHA has improved data collection methods to reduce the

amount of missing race and ethnicity data. Workforce

records are missing race and ethnicity data because it was not

entered by the licensee or it was not collected by the

licensing board 0.04 percent of the time. Another 9.9

percent of licensees declined to report race or ethnicity.

Due to the addition of data from six licensing boards,

data presented at the statewide level should not be

compared with earlier versions. Data from specific

occupations may be compared.

82.8%

70% 75% 80%

White

Page 2

Note: Chart does not include “other” or “multi-racial” categories


categories exclude Hispanics. AA = African American, AI/AN = American

Indian or Alaska Native, NH/PI = Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Above state

population

Similar to state

population

Below state

population

Table 1: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Distribution: Health Care Workforce vs Population

Hisp/

Lat inoWhit e

Black /

AAAI/AN Asian NH/PI Ot he r

Mult i -

r acialF e male Male

S t at e Populat ion 12.4% 77.0% 1.8% 0.9% 4.0% 0.4% 0.1% 3.5% 50.5% 49.5%

Chir opr act ic

Chiropractic physicians 1.9% 90.0% 0.5% 0.3% 4.4% 0.3% 0.8% 1.9% 30.6% 69.4%

Chiropractic assistants 17.3% 73.1% 0.7% 0.8% 3.8% 0.5% 0.4% 3.4% 89.2% 10.8%

Counse lor s & The r apist s

Counselors & therapists 3.6% 90.1% 0.9% 0.4% 1.6% 0.1% 1.2% 2.2% 77.6% 22.4%

De nt ist r y

Dentists 3.4% 79.2% 0.6% 0.3% 13.2% 0.2% 1.4% 1.8% 26.2% 73.8%

Dental hygienists 3.7% 86.6% 0.4% 0.6% 5.0% 0.2% 0.9% 2.5% 97.0% 3.0%

Die t e t ics

Dietitians 1.1% 93.2% 0.4% 0.7% 3.5% 0.0% 0.0% 1.1% 96.9% 3.1%

Me dicine

Physicians 3.4% 78.8% 1.3% 0.1% 13.4% 0.2% 1.3% 1.4% 38.5% 61.5%

Podiatrists 1.2% 85.2% 0.6% 0.0% 10.5% 0.6% 0.6% 1.2% 23.4% 76.6%

Physician assistants 3.7% 89.2% 0.8% 0.4% 3.7% 0.2% 0.4% 1.7% 64.3% 35.7%

Acupuncurists 3.4% 82.3% 0.4% 0.1% 10.1% 0.1% 0.8% 2.8% 70.1% 29.9%

Nat ur opat hy

Nauropathic physicians 3.7% 86.9% 0.7% 0.1% 3.5% 0.1% 0.9% 4.1% 76.3% 23.7%

Nur sing

Nurse practitioners 3.2% 87.9% 1.5% 0.3% 3.4% 0.6% 0.6% 2.6% 87.9% 12.1%

Certified registered nurse anesthetists 4.1% 87.3% 0.3% 0.3% 5.0% 0.0% 0.6% 2.4% 48.7% 51.3%

Clincal nurse specialists 0.8% 93.1% 0.0% 0.0% 2.3% 0.0% 0.0% 3.8% 94.8% 5.2%

Registered nurses 3.7% 87.3% 0.9% 0.6% 4.2% 0.4% 0.5% 2.4% 87.4% 12.6%

Licensed practical nurses 7.6% 78.5% 3.9% 0.9% 4.6% 0.5% 0.5% 3.4% 87.6% 12.4%

Certified nursing assistants 14.6% 66.8% 6.2% 1.2% 5.7% 1.3% 0.8% 3.4% 84.3% 15.7%

Occupat ional t he r apy

Occupational therapists 1.6% 90.7% 0.3% 0.3% 4.0% 0.2% 0.3% 2.5% 89.8% 10.2%

Occupational therapist assistants 3.5% 90.1% 0.4% 0.0% 3.2% 0.0% 1.4% 1.4% 86.8% 13.2%

Phar macy

Pharmacists 2.7% 72.0% 1.3% 0.5% 19.8% 0.3% 1.1% 2.3% 57.0% 43.0%

Certified pharmacy technicians 8.0% 78.6% 1.0% 1.0% 7.3% 1.1% 0.3% 2.8% 80.5% 19.5%

Phy sical t he r apy

Physical therapists 2.5% 88.4% 0.3% 0.2% 6.2% 0.2% 0.3% 1.8% 65.9% 34.1%

Physical therapist assistants 1.6% 92.8% 0.5% 0.5% 1.5% 0.5% 0.3% 2.2% 75.9% 24.1%

Psy cholog y

Psychologist examiners 3.7% 89.1% 0.6% 0.1% 3.9% 0.2% 0.7% 1.8% 61.3% 38.7%

Re spir at or y The r apy & Poly somnog r aphy

Respiratory therapists 5.7% 85.5% 1.0% 1.1% 2.6% 0.5% 0.7% 3.1% 60.0% 40.0%

Polysomnographic technologists 4.3% 87.6% 1.6% 0.5% 3.2% 0.0% 0.5% 2.2% 50.7% 49.3%

S ocial wor k

Licensed clinical social workers 3.6% 89.3% 1.3% 0.7% 1.7% 0.2% 0.8% 2.4% 80.8% 19.2%

Clinical social worker associates 10.6% 75.9% 3.7% 0.4% 3.1% 0.2% 1.8% 4.3% 84.5% 15.5%

Non-clinical social workers 6.1% 88.5% 1.5% 0.0% 1.5% 0.0% 0.8% 1.5% 88.7% 11.3%

S pe e ch- lang uag e pat holog y & audiolog y

Audiologists 0.5% 93.6% 0.5% 0.0% 4.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 72.7% 27.3%

Speech-language pathologists 3.1% 92.6% 0.4% 0.4% 1.5% 0.1% 0.3% 1.7% 91.2% 8.8%

Speech-language pathologist Assistants 11.4% 83.4% 0.0% 0.6% 1.1% 0.0% 0.6% 2.9% 98.4% 1.6%

Non- Hispanic

Page 3

average Hispanic population have a higher number of His-

panic health professionals, they still show the largest gaps

(See Appendix C).

Traditional health workers (THWs) may help offset these

gaps. THWs include seven primary worker types, including:

Community Health Workers, Peer Support Specialists, Peer

Wellness Specialists, Personal Health Navigators, Doulas,

Family Support Specialists, and Youth Support Specialists.

Utilization of THWs assures delivery of high-quality, cultur-

ally competent care which is instrumental in achieving Ore-

gon’s Triple Aim. As of October 2018, more than 3,000

THWs have been certified by OHA.

Language Twenty percent of Oregon’s health care professionals re-

ported speaking languages other than English (Figure 4).

After English, Spanish is the most commonly reported lan-

guage spoken (10%). Four in ten of these providers report

either advanced proficiency (21%) or being a native speaker

(18%) and of those that speak Spanish, 69 percent reported

using Spanish while providing patient care. Of these, only

five percent reported being certified, but 39 percent have

received training in medical terminology. Seventy-six percent

of these providers are located in six counties (Clackamas,

Jackson, Lane, Multnomah, Marion, and Washington).

Statewide, nurse practitioners, physicians, and podiatrists are

most likely to be Spanish speakers (17%, 17%, and 16% re-

spectively), while clinical nurse specialists (1%), occupational

therapy assistants (4%), and polysomnographic technologists

(5%) are least likely. After Spanish, the most commonly re-

ported language is French, and the third is Tagalog.

After English, Spanish, Chinese (including Mandarin, Can-

tonese, Teochew and other Chinese languages), Vietnamese,

and Russian are the most common languages spoken in Ore-

gon households (ACS; 5 year estimates). Figure 5 (next page)

shows the percentage of providers that speak these lan-

guages. While the workforce and population appear similar,

this may be driven by specific occupations. For example,

while 6.1 percent of pharmacists report speaking Vietnam-

ese, only 0.03 percent of licensed counselors and therapists

speak Vietnamese. For the majority of occupations fewer

than 0.5 percent of licensees report speaking Vietnamese.

(See Appendix E).

There is no guarantee that a provider who speaks a particular

language will be available when a non-English-speaking cli-

ent needs one. Health care interpreters (HCI) help to fill the

gaps. The utilization of language services, such as interpreta-

tion by qualified and certified HCIs, has been shown to im-

prove cross-cultural communication, leading to increased

compliance with recommended treatment plans, improved

health care outcomes, overall reduction of healthcare cost,

1.2%

4.5%

5.7%

10.3%

79.6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Other languages

Asian and Pacific Islander languages

Other Indo-European languages

Spanish

English only

Population Workforce

Figure 3: Gap in Hispanic/Latino health care professionals compared with county population

A negative value means that the percentage of health profes-

sionals who identify as Hispanic/Latino is smaller compared

with the Hispanic/Latino population.

For example, 33% of Malheur county’s population identify as

Hispanic/Latino, while only 9% of the county’s health care

workforce identify as Hispanic/Latino — a gap of 24%.

See Appendix C for table of values.

Figure 4: Languages spoken by Oregon’s health

care workforce

Note: See Methods and sources for definition of Indo-European languages.

Page 4

and ultimately, reduction in health disparities. Oregon's

Health Care Interpreter program is based on Title VI of the

federal Civil Rights Act and Oregon law (ORS 413.550). To

comply with these laws, OAR 333-002-0000 was implement-

ed to develop an HCI workforce and ensure the availability

of quality health care interpretation for patients who are con-

sidered Limited English Proficient (LEP).

Certified and qualified interpreters must have formal training

and experience and certified interpreters must pass national

certification exams. As of October 2018, Oregon has 299

qualified and 129 certified health care interpreters. These

numbers have increased from 257 and 91, respectively, since

January 2017.

Primary care providers1 Primary care providers (PCPs), including nurse practitioners

(NP), physicians (MD & DO), physician assistants (PA), and

naturopathic physicians (ND), comprise approximately 6.3

percent of the health care workforce. Figure 6 shows the

racial and ethnic distribution of Oregon’s PCPs compared

with Oregon’s population. Most people of color tend to be

underrepresented among PCPs with the exception of provid-

ers of Asian descent. Asian physicians are overrepresented

relative to Oregon’s population.

Thirty-two percent of PCPs reported speaking a language

other than English, suggesting that they are more linguisti-

cally diverse than the health care work force as a whole.

Among PCPs, Spanish is the most commonly reported lan-

guage spoken after English (19%), followed by languages in

the Indo-European group (nearly 10%).

0.6%;

0.6%;

0.8%;

8.9%;

1.0%

0.9%

0.7%

10.3%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Russian

Vietnamese

Chinese

Spanish

Population

Workforce

2.6%

0.5%

0.8%

3.2%

0.2%

1.9%

3.7%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Nurse practitioners vs Population

1.6%

1.2%

0.2%

14.5%

0.2%

1.5%

3.4%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Physicians (MD & DO) vs Population

3.8%

1.0%

0.2%

3.6%

0.0%

0.8%

4.4%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Naturopathic Physicians vs Population

1.4%

0.5%

0.5%

4.1%

0.5%

1.4%

4.9%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Physician assistants vs Population

Figure 6: Primary Care Workforce vs Population

1Primary care providers are defined as MD, DO, and PA licensees whose practice specialties are in family medicine, family practice, family

practice and osteopathic manipulative treatment, general practice, geriatric medicine, pediatrics, adolescent medicine, or internal medicine,

NP licensees who select ‘Primary Care’ for their primary practice setting or ‘Nurse Practitioner—Primary Care’ for their primary practice posi-

tion, and ND licensees who select yes to “Do you consider yourself a primary care provider at this practice location?“

Figure 5: Top Oregon Household Languages


categories exclude Hispanics.

87.1%

75% 85% 95%

White

86.9%

75% 85% 95%

White

77.4%

75% 85% 95%

White

86.1%

75% 85% 95%

White

Page 5

Behavioral health care providers2

Behavioral health care providers, including psychiatric nurse

practitioners, physicians and physician assistants, psycholo-

gist examiners, licensed professional counselors and thera-

pists, and licensed clinical social workers, comprise approxi-

mately 8.9 percent of the health care workforce. Figure 7

shows the racial and ethnic distribution of Oregon’s behav-

ioral health workforce compared with Oregon’s population.

Oral health care providers3 Oral health care providers comprise approximately 2.0 per-

cent of the health care workforce. Figure 7 shows the racial

and ethnic distribution of Oregon’s general dentists com-

pared with Oregon’s population. Asian dentists are

overrepresented relative to Oregon’s population, while other

minority races are underrepresented.

Figure 7: Behavioral Health and Oral Health Care Workforce vs Population

2 Behavioral health care providers are defined as MD, DO, and PA licensees whose practice specialties are in psychiatry, addiction psychiatry,

child and/or adolescent psychiatry, forensic psychiatry, geriatric psychiatry, or psychoanalysis, NP licensees with a specialty of psychiatry/

mental health, psychologist examiners, licensed professional counselors and therapists, and licensed clinical social workers. 3 General oral health care providers are defined as dentists licensees whose practice specialties are in general dentistry, pediatric dentistry, or

public health, but excluding oral surgeons, etc.

Note: Data from psychiatric physician assistants suppressed due to low numbers (n = 21). Providers with missing data were excluded from the analysis.

Racial categories exclude Hispanics.

4.2%

0.7%

0.5%

2.4%

0.7%

0.7%

2.4%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Nurse practitioners vs Population

1.1%

0.6%

0.5%

10.2%

0.3%

1.4%

4.2%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Psychiatrists (MD & DO) vs Population

2.2%

1.2%

0.1%

1.6%

0.4%

0.9%

3.6%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Licensed counselors & therapists vs Population

88.3%

75% 85% 95%

White

81.7%

75% 85% 95%

White

90.1%

75% 85% 95%

White

1.8%

0.7%

0.2%

3.9%

0.1%

0.6%

3.7%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Psychologists vs Population

89.1%

75% 85% 95%

White

2.4%

0.8%

0.2%

1.7%

0.7%

1.3%

3.6%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Licensed clinical social workers vs Population

89.3%

75% 85% 95%

White

2.0%

1.4%

0.2%

13.3%

0.3%

0.5%

3.2%

0% 5% 10% 15%

Multiracial

Other


Asian



Hispanic/Latino

Dentists vs Population

79.1%

75% 85% 95%

White

Page 6

Methods and sources

Workforce licensing data:

Oregon’s Health Care Workforce Reporting Program

(HWRP) was created in 2009. As directed by Oregon Re-

vised Statute 676.410, the HWRP collects and tabulates in-

formation from licensees of 17 health licensing boards upon

renewal. Health professionals included in this report are li-

censees who worked in Oregon and renewed a license from

one of the following boards during these dates:

• Oregon Medical Board (license types: medical doctors (MD); doctors in osteopathy (DO); medical doctor/volunteer/emeritus (MDVE); and physician assistants (PA) - October 1, 2017 through March 31, 2018; licensed acupunc-turists - April 1, 2016 through June 30, 2016 );

• Oregon State Board of Nursing (license types: registered nurse (RN), nurse practitioner (NP); certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA); clinical nurse specialist (CNS), licensed practical nurse (LPN); and certified nursing assis-tant (CAN) - January 1, 2016 through January 29, 2018);

• Oregon Board of Dentistry (license types: dentists (D), volunteer dentists (VD), registered dental hygienists (RDH) and volunteer registered dental hygienists (VRDH) - January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017);

• Oregon Occupational Therapy Licensing Board (license types: occupational therapists (OT) and occupational therapy assistants (OTA) - January 1, 2016 through January 30, 2018);

• Oregon Board of Pharmacy (license types: pharmacists (RPH) and certified pharmacy technicians (CPhT) - January 1, 2016 through January 11, 2018);

• Oregon Physical Therapist Licensing Board (license types: physical therapist (PT) and physical therapist assistants (PTA) - January 1, 2016 through January 16, 2018);

• Oregon Board of Licensed Dietitians (license type: regis-tered dietitian (RD) - December 1, 2016 through January 16, 2018).

• Oregon Physical Therapist Licensing Board (license types: physical therapist (PT) and physical therapist assistants (PTA) - January 1, 2016 through January 16, 2018);

• Oregon Board of Chiropractic Examiners (license types: chiropractic examiners (DC) - November 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017; and chiropractic assistants (CA) - June 1, 2017 through January 16, 2018).

• Oregon Board of Licensed Social Workers (license types: licensed clinical social worker (LCSW); clinical social worker associate (CSWA) and non-clinical social workers (NCSW)-July 1, 2016 through July 31, 2018);

• Oregon Board of Licensed Professional Counselors and Therapists (license types: licensed marriage and family thera-pist (LMFT) and licensed professional counselor (LPC) - November 1, 2016 through January 16, 2018).

• Oregon Board of Naturopathic Medicine (license types: naturopathic physician (ND) - November 1, 2017 through January 30, 2018);

• Oregon Board of Psychology (license type: psychologists (PSY) - July 1, 2016 through July 31, 2018);

•Respiratory Therapist and Polysomnographic Technologist Licensing Board (license types: polysomnographer (POL) ; and respiratory therapist (RT) - November 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017);

• Oregon Board of Examiners for Speech-Language Pathol-ogy and Audiology (license types: audiologists (AUD); speech-language pathologists (SLP); and speech-language pathologists assistants (SLPA) - November 1, 2017 through February 2, 2018). Eight licensees that hold both audiology and speech-language pathology licenses are grouped with the audiologists.

Workforce data were extracted from the most recent work-force database. The Oregon Medical Board provided race and ethnicity data collected with their own data system; all the other health professions’ race/ethnicity data were col-lected through a common format workforce survey that li-censees must complete as part of their renewal process.

All race/ethnicity categories in the workforce data were cod-

ed as mutually exclusive to match the American Community

Survey (ACS) race/ethnicity categories and allow compari-

sons. When a licensee selected Hispanic as his or her ethnici-

ty, the licensee was coded as being Hispanic. If there were

other races selected along with Hispanic ethnicity, such as

“Black” or “Asian,” the licensee would only be counted in

the Hispanic category and not in other categories. Of the

5,015 licensees coded as Hispanic, approximately 59.5 per-

cent identified with at least one racial category (White:

50.8%; Multi-racial: 4.5%; American Indian/Alaska Native:

2.1%, Black/AA: 1.1%; Asian: 0.5%; Native Hawaiian/

Pacific Islander: 0.5%). The remaining 40.5 percent chose

“Other” (19.4%), declined to report a race (18.9%) or were

missing data (2.3%). When a licensee selected a non-

Hispanic ethnicity and more than one race, the licensee was

coded as “Multiracial” and was not included in the specific

race categories. When a licensee selected “Other” as race

and no other race was selected, the licensee was coded as

“Other.”

Table 1 uses a difference of 0.5 percent as the threshold to

identify gaps between provider and population diversity.

Page 7

Data were analyzed and tabulated with SAS 9.4; graphics were

produced in Excel.

Population data comes from five-year ACS estimates (data

collected over 60-month period, 2012–2016). These estimates

are not as current as the one-year estimates, but the primary

advantage of using multiyear estimates is the data’s availability

and increased statistical reliability for less populated areas and

small population subgroups. Population data reflects the total

population (rather than the adult population), as the total

population is served by the workforce.

Regarding languages, ACS coded 381 different languages na-

tionwide. Standard tables separate out 39 languages and the

four main language groups used here: Spanish, other Indo-

European languages (most languages of Europe and the In-

dic languages of India, as well as Iranian languages), Asian

and Pacific Island languages (among them Chinese, Korean,

Japanese, Vietnamese, Hmong, Khmer, Lao, Thai, Tagalog

and others) and all other languages (such as Uralic languages,

languages of Africa, Native American languages, and more).

Some health professionals reporting speaking more than one

language may be counted in more than one language group;

91 percent of the health professionals who report speaking

languages other than English were coded in only one lan-

guage group.

This report was produced by the Office of Health Analytics, Oregon

Health Authority.

This document can be provided upon request in an alternate format for individuals with disabilities or in a language other than English for people with limited

English skills. To request this publication in another format or language, contact 503-373-1574.

Appendix A: Oregon population: race and ethnicity, by county

White % Black/AA % AI/AN % Asian % NH/PI % Other %Multi-racial

%

Oregon 3,982,267 494,806 12.4% 3,066,467 77.0% 70,359 1.8% 35,074 0.9% 158,209 4.0% 14,245 0.4% 4,905 0.1% 138,202 3.5%Baker 16,030 615 3.8% 14,657 91.4% 65 0.4% 213 1.3% 124 0.8% 43 0.3% 14 0.1% 299 1.9%Benton 87,455 6,100 7.0% 71,510 81.8% 851 1.0% 483 0.6% 5,522 6.3% 267 0.3% 119 0.1% 2,603 3.0%Clackamas 394,967 32,503 8.2% 328,760 83.2% 3,163 0.8% 2,031 0.5% 15,787 4.0% 977 0.2% 169 0.0% 11,577 2.9%Clatsop 37,660 3,074 8.2% 32,445 86.2% 267 0.7% 139 0.4% 422 1.1% 75 0.2% - 0.0% 1,238 3.3%Columbia 49,645 2,301 4.6% 44,362 89.4% 303 0.6% 573 1.2% 548 1.1% 124 0.2% - 0.0% 1,434 2.9%Coos 62,944 3,910 6.2% 53,888 85.6% 403 0.6% 1,320 2.1% 722 1.1% 93 0.1% 72 0.1% 2,536 4.0%Crook 21,334 1,588 7.4% 18,903 88.6% 39 0.2% 217 1.0% 34 0.2% 14 0.1% - 0.0% 539 2.5%Curry 22,364 1,457 6.5% 19,513 87.3% 87 0.4% 402 1.8% 128 0.6% 5 0.0% 25 0.1% 747 3.3%Deschutes 170,813 13,029 7.6% 150,077 87.9% 797 0.5% 769 0.5% 1,701 1.0% 147 0.1% 80 0.0% 4,213 2.5%Douglas 107,375 5,649 5.3% 95,301 88.8% 380 0.4% 1,042 1.0% 988 0.9% 75 0.1% 16 0.0% 3,924 3.7%Gilliam 1,913 186 9.7% 1,657 86.6% 6 0.3% 54 2.8% - 0.0% 10 0.5% - 0.0% - 0.0%Grant 7,227 253 3.5% 6,650 92.0% 30 0.4% 46 0.6% 17 0.2% - 0.0% 1 0.0% 230 3.2%Harney 7,214 356 4.9% 6,294 87.2% 46 0.6% 241 3.3% 32 0.4% 10 0.1% 42 0.6% 193 2.7%Hood River 22,842 7,046 30.8% 14,741 64.5% 111 0.5% 202 0.9% 391 1.7% 7 0.0% - 0.0% 344 1.5%Jackson 210,916 25,058 11.9% 173,329 82.2% 1,321 0.6% 1,280 0.6% 2,252 1.1% 610 0.3% 285 0.1% 6,781 3.2%Jefferson 22,305 4,421 19.8% 13,410 60.1% 226 1.0% 3,614 16.2% 155 0.7% 87 0.4% - 0.0% 392 1.8%Josephine 84,063 5,850 7.0% 73,736 87.7% 297 0.4% 1,022 1.2% 646 0.8% 5 0.0% 30 0.0% 2,477 2.9%Klamath 65,946 7,823 11.9% 52,273 79.3% 394 0.6% 2,118 3.2% 630 1.0% 88 0.1% 65 0.1% 2,555 3.9%Lake 7,799 592 7.6% 6,679 85.6% 44 0.6% 90 1.2% 70 0.9% - 0.0% 10 0.1% 314 4.0%Lane 360,273 29,403 8.2% 299,530 83.1% 3,442 1.0% 3,155 0.9% 9,053 2.5% 858 0.2% 574 0.2% 14,258 4.0%Lincoln 46,685 4,028 8.6% 38,725 82.9% 205 0.4% 1,334 2.9% 557 1.2% 91 0.2% 80 0.2% 1,665 3.6%Linn 119,862 10,054 8.4% 103,248 86.1% 591 0.5% 1,623 1.4% 1,363 1.1% 116 0.1% 69 0.1% 2,798 2.3%Malheur 30,474 10,015 32.9% 18,902 62.0% 306 1.0% 167 0.5% 471 1.5% 21 0.1% 39 0.1% 553 1.8%Marion 326,527 83,659 25.6% 218,448 66.9% 3,547 1.1% 1,952 0.6% 6,249 1.9% 2,549 0.8% 249 0.1% 9,874 3.0%Morrow 11,207 3,886 34.7% 6,857 61.2% 15 0.1% 44 0.4% 40 0.4% 14 0.1% - 0.0% 351 3.1%Multnomah 778,193 86,579 11.1% 553,241 71.1% 41,100 5.3% 4,389 0.6% 53,047 6.8% 4,683 0.6% 1,899 0.2% 33,255 4.3%Polk 78,470 10,232 13.0% 62,253 79.3% 621 0.8% 849 1.1% 1,507 1.9% 226 0.3% 54 0.1% 2,728 3.5%

TotalHispanic/

Latino

Non-Hispanic

Continued on next page

Appendix A: Oregon population: race and ethnicity, by county

White % Black/AA % AI/AN % Asian % NH/PI % Other %Multi-racial

%

Oregon 3,982,267 494,806 12.4% 3,066,467 77.0% 70,359 1.8% 35,074 0.9% 158,209 4.0% 14,245 0.4% 4,905 0.1% 138,202 3.5%

TotalHispanic/

Latino

Non-Hispanic

Sherman 1,705 87 5.1% 1,506 88.3% 8 0.5% 42 2.5% 2 0.1% - 0.0% - 0.0% 60 3.5%Tillamook 25,552 2,573 10.1% 21,733 85.1% 79 0.3% 199 0.8% 188 0.7% 101 0.4% 4 0.0% 675 2.6%Umatilla 76,582 19,596 25.6% 51,612 67.4% 519 0.7% 1,641 2.1% 508 0.7% 116 0.2% 41 0.1% 2,549 3.3%Union 25,758 1,131 4.4% 23,106 89.7% 170 0.7% 202 0.8% 271 1.1% 296 1.1% 13 0.1% 569 2.2%Wallowa 6,836 174 2.5% 6,407 93.7% 27 0.4% 29 0.4% 15 0.2% 1 0.0% 7 0.1% 176 2.6%Wasco 25,657 4,289 16.7% 19,499 76.0% 109 0.4% 921 3.6% 206 0.8% 183 0.7% - 0.0% 450 1.8%Washington 564,088 91,495 16.2% 382,165 67.7% 10,013 1.8% 1,865 0.3% 53,065 9.4% 2,083 0.4% 894 0.2% 22,508 4.0%Wheeler 1,369 26 1.9% 1,291 94.3% - 0.0% 15 1.1% 9 0.7% - 0.0% - 0.0% 28 2.0%Yamhill 102,217 15,768 15.4% 79,759 78.0% 777 0.8% 791 0.8% 1,489 1.5% 270 0.3% 54 0.1% 3,309 3.2%

Source: American Community Survey 5-year file, 2012-2016

Appendix B: Oregon health care workforce: race and ethnicity, by county

White Black/AA AI/AN Asian NH/PI Other Multi-racialRefused/Declined

Missing (no data)

Oregon 107,091 5,015 79,856 1,553 570 6,013 447 695 2,300 10,604 38 Baker 301 6 240 - 2 4 - - 6 43 - Benton 2,494 95 1,985 18 18 92 4 12 54 215 1 Clackamas 8,624 372 6,280 138 36 687 43 67 173 827 1 Clatsop 889 30 719 7 2 38 3 6 12 72 - Columbia 362 12 277 4 - 15 - 4 9 41 - Coos 1,567 52 1,190 7 22 57 5 8 52 174 - Crook 244 7 198 - 2 6 - 2 6 23 - Curry 312 10 241 1 4 10 2 2 2 40 - Deschutes 5,082 154 4,214 12 21 83 10 16 92 479 1 Douglas 2,169 58 1,699 15 23 59 6 6 45 258 - Gilliam 9 1 6 1 - - - - 1 - - Grant 129 2 107 1 1 5 - - 4 9 - Harney 130 3 109 - 1 3 - - 2 12 - Hood River 660 45 534 - 3 8 - 2 4 64 - Jackson 6,070 310 4,733 24 34 173 19 31 120 624 2 Jefferson 275 19 209 1 11 3 - - 6 26 - Josephine 1,839 71 1,419 5 11 52 4 10 38 229 - Klamath 1,278 86 982 6 17 24 4 5 36 117 1 Lake 158 4 119 1 2 3 - - 4 25 - Lane 9,751 374 7,465 77 61 358 27 58 228 1,096 7 Lincoln 855 31 682 4 9 22 6 2 16 83 - Linn 2,201 77 1,780 10 18 57 4 5 46 203 1 Malheur 756 62 569 3 2 20 2 3 11 83 1 Marion 8,740 665 6,305 121 59 396 48 77 164 902 3 Morrow 84 2 70 - 1 - - - 4 7 - Multnomah 32,715 1,442 23,689 820 117 2,402 158 239 773 3,061 14

TotalHispanic/

Latino

Non-Hispanic

Appendix B: Oregon health care workforce: race and ethnicity, by county

White Black/AA AI/AN Asian NH/PI Other Multi-racialRefused/Declined

Missing (no data)

Oregon 107,091 5,015 79,856 1,553 570 6,013 447 695 2,300 10,604 38

TotalHispanic/

Latino

Non-Hispanic

Polk 798 45 611 7 9 29 3 2 13 78 1 Sherman 2 - 2 - - - - - - - - Tillamook 406 16 330 6 1 8 1 2 8 34 - Umatilla 1,287 92 961 13 14 39 2 6 25 134 1 Union 586 13 485 1 1 12 7 3 1 63 - Wallowa 143 1 119 - - 2 - - 2 19 - Wasco 870 38 693 1 10 14 4 3 17 89 1 Washington 13,337 695 9,360 235 47 1,262 73 114 285 1,264 2 Wheeler 14 - 11 - - - - - - 3 - Yamhill 1,851 124 1,405 13 11 66 11 10 39 171 1

Health care workforce missing county information: 103

Source: Health Care Workforce Database, Oregon Health Authority, 2016-2017

Appendix C: Oregon population and health care workforce: Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, by county

County TotalHispanic/

Latino% Total

Hispanic/Latino

% % Difference

Oregon 3,982,267 494,806 12.4% 97,548 5,015 5.1% -7.3%Baker 16,030 615 3.8% 259 6 2.3% -1.5%Benton 87,455 6,100 7.0% 2,298 95 4.1% -2.8%Clackamas 394,967 32,503 8.2% 7,879 372 4.7% -3.5%Clatsop 37,660 3,074 8.2% 823 30 3.6% -4.5%Columbia 49,645 2,301 4.6% 324 12 3.7% -0.9%Coos 62,944 3,910 6.2% 1,408 52 3.7% -2.5%Crook 21,334 1,588 7.4% 221 7 3.2% -4.3%Curry 22,364 1,457 6.5% 278 10 3.6% -2.9%Deschutes 170,813 13,029 7.6% 4,641 154 3.3% -4.3%Douglas 107,375 5,649 5.3% 1,937 58 3.0% -2.3%Gilliam 1,913 186 9.7% 9 1 11.1% 1.4%Grant 7,227 253 3.5% 120 2 1.7% -1.8%Harney 7,214 356 4.9% 122 3 2.5% -2.5%Hood River 22,842 7,046 30.8% 605 45 7.4% -23.4%Jackson 210,916 25,058 11.9% 5,503 310 5.6% -6.2%Jefferson 22,305 4,421 19.8% 252 19 7.5% -12.3%Josephine 84,063 5,850 7.0% 1,628 71 4.4% -2.6%Klamath 65,946 7,823 11.9% 1,166 86 7.4% -4.5%Lake 7,799 592 7.6% 135 4 3.0% -4.6%Lane 360,273 29,403 8.2% 8,754 374 4.3% -3.9%Lincoln 46,685 4,028 8.6% 779 31 4.0% -4.6%Linn 119,862 10,054 8.4% 2,021 77 3.8% -4.6%Malheur 30,474 10,015 32.9% 680 62 9.1% -23.7%Marion 326,527 83,659 25.6% 7,933 665 8.4% -17.2%Morrow 11,207 3,886 34.7% 78 2 2.6% -32.1%Multnomah 778,193 86,579 11.1% 29,982 1,442 4.8% -6.3%

Population Health Care Workforce

Appendix C: Oregon population and health care workforce: Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, by county

County TotalHispanic/

Latino% Total

Hispanic/Latino

% % Difference

Oregon 3,982,267 494,806 12.4% 97,548 5,015 5.1% -7.3%

Population Health Care Workforce

Polk 76,464 9,636 12.6% 732 45 6.1% -6.5%Sherman 1,790 97 5.4% 2 - 0.0% -5.4%Tillamook 25,334 2,443 9.6% 376 16 4.3% -5.4%Umatilla 76,645 19,058 24.9% 1,164 92 7.9% -17.0%Union 25,736 1,088 4.2% 526 13 2.5% -1.8%Wallowa 6,893 172 2.5% 126 1 0.8% -1.7%Wasco 25,387 4,070 16.0% 788 38 4.8% -11.2%Washington 547,451 87,650 16.0% 12,221 695 5.7% -10.3%Wheeler 1,357 48 3.5% 11 - 0.0% -3.5%Yamhill 100,486 15,285 15.2% 1,700 124 7.3% -7.9%


Sources: Health Care Workforce Database, Oregon Health Authority, 2016-2017; American Community Survey 5-year file, 2012-2016

Appendix D: Oregon population and health care workforce: languages spoken other than English, by county

Total Only English

speakers %

Spanish or Spanish Creole

% Other Indo-

European languages

% Asian and

Pacific Island languages

% Other

languages %

HCWF 107,091 85,264 79.6% 10,996 10.3% 6,149 5.7% 4,831 4.5% 1,272 1.2%Population 3,750,266 3,184,816 84.9% 334,636 8.9% 94,957 2.5% 112,341 3.0% 23,516 0.6%HCWF 301 270 89.7% 20 6.6% 8 2.7% 5 1.7% - 0.0%Population 15,216 14,543 95.6% 384 2.5% 189 1.2% 71 0.5% 29 0.2%HCWF 2,494 2,087 83.7% 229 9.2% 108 4.3% 67 2.7% 121 4.9%Population 83,687 72,363 86.5% 4,917 5.9% 1,962 2.3% 3,716 4.4% 729 0.9%HCWF 8,624 6,682 77.5% 784 9.1% 607 7.0% 535 6.2% 6 0.1%Population 373,421 328,068 87.9% 21,154 5.7% 11,647 3.1% 10,400 2.8% 2,152 0.6%HCWF 889 733 82.5% 79 8.9% 49 5.5% 30 3.4% - 0.0%Population 35,616 32,390 90.9% 2,234 6.3% 516 1.4% 355 1.0% 121 0.3%HCWF 362 313 86.5% 23 6.4% 10 2.8% 11 3.0% 14 3.9%Population 47,148 45,009 95.5% 1,321 2.8% 370 0.8% 410 0.9% 38 0.1%HCWF 1,567 1,322 84.4% 132 8.4% 73 4.7% 47 3.0% - 0.0%Population 59,868 56,934 95.1% 1,753 2.9% 566 0.9% 538 0.9% 77 0.1%HCWF 244 215 88.1% 19 7.8% 2 0.8% 8 3.3% 2 0.8%Population 20,334 19,406 95.4% 649 3.2% 224 1.1% 39 0.2% 16 0.1%HCWF 312 264 84.6% 29 9.3% 14 4.5% 5 1.6% 40 12.8%Population 21,501 20,405 94.9% 690 3.2% 333 1.5% 70 0.3% 3 0.0%HCWF 5,082 4,419 87.0% 450 8.9% 193 3.8% 56 1.1% 6 0.1%Population 161,663 151,369 93.6% 7,103 4.4% 1,765 1.1% 1,167 0.7% 259 0.2%HCWF 2,169 1,901 87.6% 139 6.4% 87 4.0% 46 2.1% - 0.0%Population 101,850 98,025 96.2% 2,229 2.2% 811 0.8% 610 0.6% 175 0.2%HCWF 9 9 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%Population 1,806 1,661 92.0% 123 6.8% 17 0.9% 5 0.3% - 0.0%HCWF 129 106 82.2% 9 7.0% 4 3.1% 6 4.7% 2 1.6%Population 6,918 6,697 96.8% 126 1.8% 77 1.1% 11 0.2% 7 0.1%HCWF 130 120 92.3% 8 6.2% 2 1.5% 1 0.8% - 0.0%Population 6,834 6,468 94.6% 184 2.7% 48 0.7% 12 0.2% 122 1.8%HCWF 660 481 72.9% 149 22.6% 37 5.6% 5 0.8% 13 2.0%Population 21,303 15,285 71.8% 5,689 26.7% 241 1.1% 88 0.4% - 0.0%

Deschutes

Douglas

Gilliam

Grant

Harney

Clatsop

Columbia

Coos

Crook

Curry

Benton

SPEAK A LANGUAGE OTHER THAN ENGLISH

Oregon

Baker

Clackamas

Hood River


Total Only English

speakers %


% Other Indo-

European languages

% Asian and


% Other

languages %

HCWF 107,091 85,264 79.6% 10,996 10.3% 6,149 5.7% 4,831 4.5% 1,272 1.2%Population 3,750,266 3,184,816 84.9% 334,636 8.9% 94,957 2.5% 112,341 3.0% 23,516 0.6%


Oregon

HCWF 6,070 4,971 81.9% 700 11.5% 281 4.6% 158 2.6% 2 0.0%Population 198,890 179,750 90.4% 15,189 7.6% 2,170 1.1% 1,545 0.8% 236 0.1%HCWF 275 229 83.3% 31 11.3% 11 4.0% 7 2.5% - 0.0%Population 20,845 17,396 83.5% 2,943 14.1% 77 0.4% 144 0.7% 285 1.4%HCWF 1,839 1,596 86.8% 139 7.6% 64 3.5% 50 2.7% 1 0.1%Population 79,968 76,166 95.2% 2,516 3.1% 802 1.0% 426 0.5% 58 0.1%HCWF 1,278 1,099 86.0% 111 8.7% 46 3.6% 28 2.2% - 0.0%Population 61,982 57,049 92.0% 3,820 6.2% 556 0.9% 352 0.6% 205 0.3%HCWF 158 143 90.5% 6 3.8% 8 5.1% 3 1.9% - 0.0%Population 7,419 7,027 94.7% 309 4.2% 29 0.4% 54 0.7% - 0.0%HCWF 9,751 8,205 84.1% 880 9.0% 445 4.6% 298 3.1% - 0.0%Population 342,186 313,174 91.5% 16,841 4.9% 4,715 1.4% 6,138 1.8% 1,318 0.4%HCWF 855 713 83.4% 78 9.1% 42 4.9% 31 3.6% - 0.0%Population 44,398 40,929 92.2% 2,715 6.1% 245 0.6% 445 1.0% 64 0.1%HCWF 2,201 1,926 87.5% 159 7.2% 63 2.9% 51 2.3% - 0.0%Population 112,545 104,060 92.5% 6,435 5.7% 1,062 0.9% 565 0.5% 423 0.4%HCWF 756 620 82.0% 104 13.8% 30 4.0% 11 1.5% - 0.0%Population 28,352 21,353 75.3% 6,575 23.2% 122 0.4% 247 0.9% 55 0.2%HCWF 8,740 6,934 79.3% 1,042 11.9% 429 4.9% 347 4.0% - 0.0%Population 303,975 228,113 75.0% 61,296 20.2% 7,553 2.5% 5,928 2.0% 1,085 0.4%HCWF 84 74 88.1% 10 11.9% 2 2.4% - 0.0% - 0.0%Population 10,391 7,157 68.9% 3,162 30.4% 37 0.4% 29 0.3% 6 0.1%HCWF 32,715 24,858 76.0% 3,517 10.8% 2,402 7.3% 1,914 5.9% - 0.0%Population 731,895 587,514 80.3% 59,073 8.1% 34,314 4.7% 41,633 5.7% 9,361 1.3%HCWF 798 644 80.7% 95 11.9% 29 3.6% 26 3.3% - 0.0%Population 73,873 63,602 86.1% 7,652 10.4% 1,087 1.5% 1,087 1.5% 445 0.6%HCWF 2 2 100.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%Population 1,620 1,569 96.9% 48 3.0% - 0.0% - 0.0% 3 0.2%

Jackson

Jefferson

Josephine

Klamath

Lake

Lane

Lincoln

Linn

Malheur

Marion

Morrow

Multnomah

Polk

Sherman

Continued on next page


Total Only English

speakers %


% Other Indo-

European languages

% Asian and


% Other

languages %

HCWF 107,091 85,264 79.6% 10,996 10.3% 6,149 5.7% 4,831 4.5% 1,272 1.2%Population 3,750,266 3,184,816 84.9% 334,636 8.9% 94,957 2.5% 112,341 3.0% 23,516 0.6%


Oregon

HCWF 406 344 84.7% 43 10.6% 18 4.4% 6 1.5% - 0.0%Population 24,282 22,521 92.7% 1,500 6.2% 157 0.6% 76 0.3% 28 0.1%HCWF 1,287 1,055 82.0% 166 12.9% 45 3.5% 30 2.3% - 0.0%Population 71,190 55,397 77.8% 14,918 21.0% 323 0.5% 367 0.5% 185 0.3%HCWF 586 517 88.2% 32 5.5% 17 2.9% 19 3.2% - 0.0%Population 24,269 23,023 94.9% 687 2.8% 173 0.7% 355 1.5% 31 0.1%HCWF 143 123 86.0% 15 10.5% 3 2.1% 3 2.1% - 0.0%Population 6,520 6,307 96.7% 92 1.4% 87 1.3% 20 0.3% 14 0.2%HCWF 870 721 82.9% 115 13.2% 34 3.9% 15 1.7% - 0.0%Population 24,027 20,332 84.6% 3,051 12.7% 260 1.1% 193 0.8% 191 0.8%HCWF 13,337 9,953 74.6% 1,454 10.9% 912 6.8% 956 7.2% - 0.0%Population 526,856 400,040 75.9% 65,716 12.5% 21,160 4.0% 34,268 6.5% 5,672 1.1%HCWF 14 11 78.6% 3 21.4% - 0.0% - 0.0% - 0.0%Population 1,335 1,308 98.0% 20 1.5% - 0.0% 7 0.5% - 0.0%HCWF 1,851 1,520 82.1% 217 11.7% 68 3.7% 51 2.8% - 0.0%Population 96,283 82,406 85.6% 11,522 12.0% 1,262 1.3% 970 1.0% 123 0.1%



NOTE:

English only speaking health care workers did not report any other language other than English.

Tillamook

Umatilla

Union

Wallowa

Wasco

Columns are mutually exclusive for population data; they are not for healthcare workforce data as one health care worker may have been classified in more than one language group.

Washington

Wheeler

Yamhill

Health care workforce data includes languages other than English; these were classified into the four ACS language groups. Some Health care workers were classified in more than one language group.

Appendix E: Percentage of licensees that speak top Oregon household languages, by license type

County Spanish Chinese Vietnamese Russian

% Oregon Households 8.9% 0.8% 0.6% 0.6%Chiropractic

Chiropractic physicians 13.0% 0.1% 0.7% 0.7%Chiropractic assistants 15.8% 0.2% 1.3% 3.1%

Counselors & TherapistsCounselors & therapists 7.6% 0.3% 0.0% 0.4%

DentistryDentists 13.7% 1.7% 3.0% 1.1%Dental hygienists 7.1% 0.2% 2.0% 1.7%

DieteticsDietitians 4.9% 0.8% 0.0% 0.2%

MedicinePhysicians 16.9% 2.1% 0.6% 0.8%Podiatrists 16.0% 2.9% 2.3% 0.6%Physician assistants 15.9% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5%Acupuncurists 10.9% 5.8% 0.6% 0.7%

NaturopathyNauropathic physicians 14.2% 0.8% 0.2% 1.8%

NursingNurse practitioners 17.0% 0.7% 0.4% 0.7%Certified registered nurse anesthetists 12.9% 1.2% 0.2% 0.2%Clincal nurse specialists 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 1.5%Registered nurses 7.6% 0.3% 0.6% 0.8%Licensed practical nurses 7.7% 0.2% 0.3% 1.3%Certified nursing assistants 13.1% 0.3% 0.6% 1.5%

Occupational therapyOccupational therapists 8.7% 0.2% 0.3% 0.1%Occupational therapist assistants 4.2% 0.0% 0.3% 1.0%

% Licensees

Appendix E: Percentage of licensees that speak top Oregon household languages, by license type

County Spanish Chinese Vietnamese Russian

% Oregon Households 8.9% 0.8% 0.6% 0.6%

% Licensees

PharmacyPharmacists 6.6% 1.9% 6.1% 0.9%Certified pharmacy technicians 6.7% 0.3% 1.8% 2.4%

Physical therapyPhysical therapists 10.2% 0.5% 0.2% 0.1%Physical therapist assistants 6.8% 0.2% 0.1% 1.1%

PsychologyPsychologist examiners 7.3% 0.7% 0.2% 0.3%

Respiratory Therapy & PolysomnographyRespiratory therapists 5.1% 0.2% 0.3% 1.5%Polysomnographic technologists 4.6% 0.5% 0.9% 1.4%

Social workLicensed clinical social workers 10.6% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3%Clinical social worker associates 13.0% 0.6% 0.7% 0.6%Non-clinical social workers 8.4% 0.0% 0.7% 0.7%

Speech-language pathology & audiologyAudiologists 4.7% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0%Speech-language pathologists 14.7% 0.3% 0.0% 0.6%Speech-language pathologist Assistants 13.2% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0%


Documents

The Diversity of Oregon Licensed Health Care Workforce ... · (18%) and of those that speak Spanish, 69 percent reported using Spanish while providing patient care. Of these, only