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The Discovery and Design
of Positive Institutions
Via Appreciative Inquiry david cooperrider
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*For Those Interested in more resources & learning opportunities with David Cooperrider please go to:
1. Appreciative Inquiry Certificate Program (next session Dec. 8-11 th Longboat Key Florida)
http://weatherhead.case.edu/executive-education/certificates/appreciative-inquiry/
2. Leadership Deep Dive:
http://weatherhead.case.edu/executive-education/programs/subjects/other/deepdive/
3. Masters in Positive Organization Development--MPOD
http://weatherhead.case.edu/academics/masters/positive-organizational-development/faculty.cfm
4. Masters in Applied Positive Psychology http://www.sas.upenn.edu/lps/graduate/mapp/
5. Online Appreciative Inquiry Training http://www.ovationnet.com/
6. Next (2009) World Appreciative Inquiry Conference– in Nepal: www.2009worldaiconference.org
7. Taos Institute www.taosinstitute.net/
8. For hundreds of free tools, articles, power point slides see the “Appreciative Inquiry Commons”
http://appreciativeinquiry.case.edu/ or email for in-house speaking requests: [email protected]
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What An Exciting Time to Be Alive in This Field Points of Departure
Early Pillars of Positive Psychology
Question of Positive Institutions• Huge Research and Applied Potential• Powerful Business Case—Tenfold Increase• Appreciative Inquiry at Scale of the Whole
Our Research Into:Business as an Agent of World Benefit• The Positive Psychology of Sustainability:
Eco-Renewal & Human Flourishing
Image PlaceholderImage Placeholder
""Bankruptcy of the Soul of Our Bankruptcy of the Soul of Our Institutions" Institutions"
Bankruptcy in the Soul of Bankruptcy in the Soul of BusinessBusiness
the unthinkable?the unthinkable?
unsinkable corporations;unsinkable corporations;madoff ethics and loss of madoff ethics and loss of
legitimacy;legitimacy;social and global environmental social and global environmental
collisionscollisions
The (way forward) unimaginable?The (way forward) unimaginable?
Business as an Agent of World Benefit
--More Than 2,000 Interviews--173 of Published Profiles --see www.worldinquiry.org
“Awe is What Moves Us Forward”
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Sustainability Revolution in BusinessFertile Ground for the Study of Positive Institutions
66
SustaSustainablinableeValue Value
+ + Stake--Stake--holder holder ValueValue
+ Shareholder + Shareholder ValueValue
++----
UnsustainaUnsustainableble(Value (Value TransferTransfer))
UnsustainaUnsustainableble(Value (Value Transfer)Transfer)
UnsustainaUnsustainableble(Lose/Lose)(Lose/Lose)
SustainaSustainable ble ValueValue
fossil fuel ICEfossil fuel ICE
Value is sustainable only when it is Value is sustainable only when it is positive for shareholders and positive for shareholders and stakeholdersstakeholders
Chris Lazslo (2008) Chris Lazslo (2008) Sustainable ValueSustainable Value..
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How Do We Link Positive Psychology & Business?Positive Psychology With Corporate Strategy and Sustainable Value?
Peterson and Seligman’s Classic Work: Peterson and Seligman’s Classic Work: VIAVIA VIA VIA 20042004
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A Working Definition—Positive Institutions3 Circles of the Strengths Revolution
Organizations, communities and societal “institutions” enabling:
(1)the elevation and engagement of life-giving strengths, (2) the connected and combined magnification of collective strengths, and ultimately, (3) the refraction of our higher human strengths (e.g. VIA) outward into our world.
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BUSINESS ASAN AGENT OFWORLD BENEFITMANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE LEADING POSITIVE CHANGE
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AI at the UN World Summit With Business and Industry CEOs and Civil Society Leaders
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It’s a bright green economyIt’s a bright green economyEradicated extreme poverty (equity)Eradicated extreme poverty (equity)Powered through renewable energyPowered through renewable energyGlobally inclusive, dignified workGlobally inclusive, dignified workEliminated perverse incentivesEliminated perverse incentivesMarkets “high information” and “aligned Markets “high information” and “aligned incentives”incentives”Rewards sustainable Rewards sustainable valuevalue and prosperity… and prosperity…Positive institutions: vigor; purpose; Positive institutions: vigor; purpose; performance performance
Global Global ForumForumVisionVision
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SSustainability is the ustainability is the businessbusiness opportunity of the 21opportunity of the 21stst century.century.
People. Planet. ProsperityPeople. Planet. Prosperity..
Task of Historic MagnitudeTask of Historic Magnitude““Positive Institutions”Positive Institutions”
Chapter 1: How? Chapter 1: How?
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Appreciative Inquiry Involves a Shift
“No problem can be solved from the same level of consciousness that created it. We must learn to see the world anew.”
“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.”
– Albert Einstein
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Deficit Theory of Change
Identify problem Conduct root cause
analysis Brainstorm
and analyze possibilities
Action plans
most schools, companies, families and organizations function on an unwritten rule…
“Let’s fix what’s wrong and let the strengths take care of themselves”
--Gallop Poll
Metaphor: Metaphor: Organizations are Organizations are
problems to be solvedproblems to be solved
How many of those meetings were convened to “solve the problem of…” ?
Think about your last 6 meetings:
Can you guess Can you guess the “best seller” the “best seller” management management book-- of all book-- of all time?time?
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Appreciate “Best of what is” Imagine “What might be” Design “What should be” Create “What will be”
Identify problem Conduct root cause analysis Brainstorm solutions & analyze Develop treatment - action
plans
(Deficit-based change)(Deficit-based change) (Strength-based change)(Strength-based change)
Problem Solving Appreciative InquiryAppreciative Inquiry
Problem Metaphor:Problem Metaphor:Organizations are Organizations are “problems to be solved”“problems to be solved”Machines; Dilbert-like Machines; Dilbert-like places of dysfunction.places of dysfunction.
Mystery Metaphor:Mystery Metaphor:Organizations are alive, Organizations are alive, “appreciative systems”“appreciative systems” are universes of are universes of strengths via strengths via relationshiprelationship
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Peter Drucker and Our Conversation on “Ai”see Cooperrider (2003) Appreciative Inquiry Commons
“The task of leadership is to create an alignment of strengths…making a system’s weaknesses irrelevant”.
--Peter Drucker
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Could it Be…
Organization Change is All About Strengths?
• Why would strength connected to strength…create change?
Its often been said that strengths perform, but how about the idea that…. strengths do more than perform, they transform?
What would it mean to create an entire change theory around strengths? Transformational positivity?
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Pro-fusion—stages & the idea of transformational positivityWhat Happens When Strength Connects to Strength? Hope with Hope?
1. Elevate-and-Extend The Elevation of Inquiry into the appreciable world + The Extension of Relatedness Awe, Gratitude and Generosity
2. Broaden-And-Build Broadening of Minds Merging and Magnification of Resources Confidence and Positive Synchronization
3. Establish-and-Eclipse From Generosity to Generativity Vital Engagement: Courage, Significance,
and Creativity Upward spiral of doing & undergoing
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The AI Summit The AI Summit
““Whole SystemWhole System” in the Room” in the Room Internal & External Internal & External StakeholdersStakeholders
StrategicStrategic Task-Driven Task-Driven Focus is ClearFocus is Clear Future Focus Future Focus && Continuity SearchContinuity Search
From Dialogue to From Dialogue to Collaborative DesignCollaborative Design 4-D’s 4-D’s Appreciative IntelligenceAppreciative Intelligence
Common Ground Vision to Real PrototypesCommon Ground Vision to Real Prototypes 3 Day Event: 3 Day Event: 300 to 2000 300 to 2000 ParticipantsParticipants
Uncommon Action Uncommon Action ResultsResults
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Nutrimental FoodsThe Results One Year Later
Rodrigo Loures, CEO 300 % Increase in Profitability
75 % Decrease in Absenteeism Appointment to President Lula’s Economic
and Social Council World Business Academy Award
Rise to Best 100 Companies in the Nation Sustainability Leader
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Why Does Experience of Wholeness…
Bring out the best in human beings?
Propel innovation?
New life?
Eclipse negative patterns?
So easy?
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AI Summits: Three Ways to Understand Positive Profusion—What Do You Observe?
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Did you notice the young sailor’s energy?
An estimated $300 billion is lost in the US economy due to disengaged employees?
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Business Impactand Research Results
BUSINESS RESULTS:
Navy: $2 Billion* “Winning the Battle for People”
Trucking Company: Stock Follows Increasing Engagement Scores $14 to $41
*Testimony House Armed Services Committee 2004
WHY SO EASY?
Vigor, Passion, System Engagement, Dedication
Pipeline of Customer-focused Innovation/Speed
38 % Higher Productivity (Glavas 2009)
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William James’ Call in 1902
The kind of change that happens…
“when things are hot and alive within us, and where everything has to re-crystallize about it” (William James, 1902, p. 162).
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James’ interest: The Fertile and Explosive Positivity that Changes Lives
Emotional occasions, especially violent ones, are extremely potent in precipitating mental rearrangements. The sudden and explosive ways in which jealousy, guilt, fear, remorse, or anger can seize upon one are known to everybody. Hope, happiness, security, resolve, emotions characteristic of conversion, however, can be equally explosive. And emotions that come in this explosive way seldom leave things as they found them (James, 1902, p. 163-164 ).
What to call “it”?
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Activation of Inquiry into “What Gives Life?”“Appreciable World”
Advancing
Exte
nsio
n o
f R
ela
ted
ness
& U
niv
ers
al C
apaci
ty
Hig
h
InitiatingLo w
Positive Profusion—Three Observable Phases1. Elevate-and-Extend2. Broaden-And-Build3. Establish-and-Eclipse
Positive Profusion—Three Observable Phases1. Elevate-and-Extend2. Broaden-And-Build3. Establish-and-Eclipse
Elevation and
Extension of Inquiry
Pro-Fusion of Strengths“Broaden and
Build”
Activation of
EnergyEstablish and
Eclipse
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Fairmount Minerals StoryBirth of the “Sustainable Design Factory”
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Appreciative Inquiry Sustainability Summit
External Stakeholders: Customers Suppliers NGO’s Neighbors/Communities Board of Directors
Imagine 300—Three days Stakeholders—designing green products, services.
Internal Stakeholders Operations Administration & Corporate
Services Customer Service Engineering Logistics Quality Sales Technical Support / R&D
Bringing the Whole System of Strengths Into the Room
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Images of the Sustainable Design AI Summit
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The AI 4-D Cycle for The AI 4-D Cycle for Applied Positive ChangeApplied Positive Change
DiscoveryDiscovery““What gives life?”What gives life?”
The best of what is.The best of what is.AppreciatingAppreciating
DiscoveryDiscovery““What gives life?”What gives life?”
The best of what is.The best of what is.AppreciatingAppreciating
DreamDream““What might be?”What might be?”EnvisioningEnvisioning
Results/ImpactResults/Impact
DreamDream““What might be?”What might be?”EnvisioningEnvisioning
Results/ImpactResults/Impact
DesignDesign““What should be – What should be –
the ideal?”the ideal?”Co-constructingCo-constructing
DesignDesign““What should be – What should be –
the ideal?”the ideal?”Co-constructingCo-constructing
DestinyDestiny““How to empower, How to empower,
learn, and improvise?”learn, and improvise?”SustainingSustaining
DestinyDestiny““How to empower, How to empower,
learn, and improvise?”learn, and improvise?”SustainingSustaining
AffirmativeAffirmativeTopicTopic
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Highlights
40% Annual Growth in Earnings Past Two Years
2007 US Chamber of Commerce’s #1 Corporate Citizenship Award
Community Partnership and Innovation
Emerging as Top Rated Star in the Industry
The Positive Psychology of Eco-Renewal
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Fairmount Started with Appreciative Inquiry in 1990 With a Focus on Empowerment 40% CAGR Past Four Years
Faimount Sales & EBITDA History (For Recurring Operations)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
198
31
984
198
51
986
198
71
988
198
91
990
199
11
992
199
31
994
199
51
996
199
71
998
199
92
000
200
12
002
200
32
004
200
52
006
Sa
les
($'s
in M
illio
ns)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
EB
ITD
A (
$'s
in M
illio
ns)
EBITDA Sales
.2.299
.61
Perceived Perceived
Corporate Corporate CitizenshipCitizenship of the companyof the company
High-Quality High-Quality ConnectionsConnections
EngagementEngagement
Creative Creative InvolvementInvolvement
.58.58
.37.37
.49.49
Glavas (2009) Case Western Glavas (2009) Case Western Reserve Univ. Reserve Univ. [email protected]
““Hot off the Press” Hot off the Press” Research on Positive Research on Positive InstitutionsInstitutions
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A Question for You About the S-Revolution:
Which organization will help save more lives in the next five years than any other— children, women, and men—who are picking cotton in toxic and chemically treated fields all over the world—fields that are so toxic that when you touch the cotton it feels like an electric jolt around your fingers?
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It employs 1.9 million people Its serves 138 million people per week.
It has approximately $350 billion in sales It’s attracting the most brilliant and radical
environmental minds e.g. Amory Lovins It’s raising many eyebrows
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Sustainability goals at
To be supplied 100% by renewable energy
Stores 25% more efficient in 7 years
Fleet 25% more efficient in 3 years
To create To create zero wastezero waste
25% reduction in 25% reduction in solid waste in 3 solid waste in 3 yrsyrs
Improve Improve packaging of packaging of every product every product soldsold
To sell To sell products that products that sustain our sustain our resources resources and the and the environmentenvironment 20% supply base 20% supply base aligned in 3 yearsaligned in 3 yearsSource: released in speech by Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott October 24, 2005Source: released in speech by Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott October 24, 2005
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Sustainable Value… Design NetworksSustainable Value… Design Networks
Global Greenhouse Gas Strategy
Buildings Design Construction & Maintenance
Global Logistics
Alternative Fuels
Operations & Internal Procurement
Packaging
Textiles
Electronics
Food & Agriculture
Forest Products (Wood & Paper)
Chemical Intensive Products
Jewelry
Seafood
China
EnergyEnergy
WasteWaste
ProductsProducts
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Stories Have Wings
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Implications of Packaging Eco- Innovation & People Turned On
Prevented millions of pounds of trash from reaching landfills
Across the supply chain, the initiative will save 667,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere
Equal to taking 213,000 trucks off the road annually, and saving 323,800 tons of coal and 66.7 million gallons of diesel fuel from being burned.
“The packaging is renewable in 90 days instead of 9 million years”
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Implications of Packaging Sustainable Value Innovation
Broadening this initiative to 255 items in Toys:
This employee driven initiative saved 3,425 tons of corrugated materials
1,358 barrels of oil annually 5,190 trees
Millions of dollars in transportation costs
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3 Circles of The Strengths Revolution
PIPI
BoeingBoeingFairmountFairmountHPHPInterfaceInterfaceDealer Dealer TireTireToyotaToyotaGMCRGMCRUNUNNavyNavyWal-MartWal-MartUnited United WayWayGreen Green City on City on Blue Lake, Blue Lake, etc.etc.
""Bankruptcy of the Soul of Our Bankruptcy of the Soul of Our Institutions" Institutions"
Two World’sTwo World’s
““It was the best of times, it was the It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity…it was the spring epoch of incredulity…it was the spring of hope.”of hope.” --Charles --Charles DickensDickens
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What Matters Most in Ai?Our Inquiry Must Be the Change …We Want to See in the World!
