The Disaster Medicine department

The Disaster Medicine departmentThe Disaster Medicine department

The Civilian Protection as a system of prevention and liquidation

extraordinary situation consequences in peace and war-time

Arsen Gudyma, MD, prof.Arsen Gudyma, MD, prof.Vasyl Demianenko, MCVasyl Demianenko, MC, , as. profas. prof..

Lecture 1Lecture 1

May May Ukraine be Ukraine be involved in involved in

nuclear nuclear conflictconflict??

Could be any winner in Could be any winner in the nuclear warthe nuclear war ? ?

What ought the State to set of threaten for an

average citizen?

against any action that against any action that really threatens life and really threatens life and health of every of ushealth of every of us... ...

1. 1. Extraordinary technical overload the territoryExtraordinary technical overload the territory..2. 2. Considerable mental and physical threadbare Considerable mental and physical threadbare of base of base industrialindustrial equipment of the majority of enterprisesequipment of the majority of enterprises..3.3.Becoming worse of material-technical measurement of Becoming worse of material-technical measurement of enterprisesenterprises, , reducing of working and technology reducing of working and technology disciplinediscipline. . 4. 4. Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory preservation, utilizationpreservation, utilization and buryingand burying of the heavy toxic, radioactive waste of the heavy toxic, radioactive waste materials and taken from life litters.materials and taken from life litters.

In Ukraine we haveIn Ukraine we have::

What really threatens our life and What really threatens our life and health with ?health with ?

5. 5. Ignoring of oecological factors, requirements Ignoring of oecological factors, requirements

and standards.and standards.

6. 6. Inadequate attention leaders ofInadequate attention leaders of state administrating state administrating

organs to the taking measures, directed for prevention organs to the taking measures, directed for prevention

and reducing wrecks and catastrophes consequences.and reducing wrecks and catastrophes consequences.

In Ukraine we haveIn Ukraine we have::

What really threatens our life and What really threatens our life and health with ?health with ?

Wreck, Damage

destroying of the edifices, buildings, equipment, transport means, and destruction of industrial or transport processes with next breaking out some threatens for the people life and health on the object.Catastrophesudden rapid influence due to calamity or manmade action, that caused the enormous people losses, injured the people and created threaten with their health and life, destroying or abolishment the great number of the objects and other material valuables and harmed losses of the environment.

Calamity

It’s the situation on the object or territory, where the people and material losses are happened or may be happened, when the normal conditions of the people’s life are destroyed due to wrecks, calamity or catastrophes.

Wreck, Catastrophe

Extraordinary situation:

1. 1. Technogenous (man-made) Technogenous (man-made)

These are transport accidents, These are transport accidents, damages damages ((catastrophes)catastrophes), , burns, burns, unprovoked explosions or its unprovoked explosions or its threatensthreatens, , wreckswrecks with emanationwith emanation ( (itsits threatensthreatens) ) danger chemicaldanger chemical, , radioactiveradioactive, , biologicalbiological substancessubstances, , rapid collapse rapid collapse the the constructions and buildingsconstructions and buildings, , mishaps on mishaps on engineering edifices and objects of vital engineering edifices and objects of vital guarantee, hydrodynamic accidents on guarantee, hydrodynamic accidents on the dykes.the dykes.

By the reason extraordinary situation may be:

2. 2. Calamity – nature events Calamity – nature events

They mean danger geologicalThey mean danger geological, , meteorologicalmeteorological, , hydrologicalhydrological sea and riversea and river eventsevents, , degradation soilsdegradation soils or or erosion of erosion of earthearth, , natural firenatural fire, , becoming worseness of becoming worseness of the air spacethe air space, , infecting morbidity infecting morbidity of the of the people and cattlepeople and cattle, , the mass damage of the mass damage of plants with diseases and verminplants with diseases and vermin, , destroying destroying water resources and biosphere.water resources and biosphere.

By the reason extraordinary situation may be:

3. 3. Social and political Social and political

These are unlawful terrorist and These are unlawful terrorist and unconstitutional actions or real threaten unconstitutional actions or real threaten with terrorist actswith terrorist acts, , kidnap or attempt to do kidnap or attempt to do it, abolishment the ships, it, abolishment the ships, capturing of capturing of prisoners, putting the explosivesprisoners, putting the explosives in in populous places, stealing out or taking populous places, stealing out or taking possession of weapon, uncovering out of possession of weapon, uncovering out of date ammunition.date ammunition.

By the reason the extraordinary situation may

be:

4. 4. War time War time

They connected with use of Ukraine They connected with use of Ukraine Military ForcesMilitary Forces in local military conflictsin local military conflicts, , in in the fight against gangster groups.the fight against gangster groups. They may They may be attended with mad-made catastrophes as be attended with mad-made catastrophes as a result of enemy attacks on objects in a result of enemy attacks on objects in Ukraine.Ukraine.

By the reason extraordinary situations may be:

Classification of extreme Classification of extreme situationssituations

Levels of extreme situations

the state level

The region level

The local level

The object’s

level

after scale territorial spreading, the great number of the injured and extent of acted or

waiting for an opportunity economic losses

ESES of the state levelof the state level::- It appears on the territory of two or more regions of our country (Autonomous Republic Crimea, the town of Sevastopol and Kyiv) or -threatens with transportation over the cordon of the contiguous country or- mishap’s sequelae needs a great number of the material and technical resources – much more than the region has got. The number of the injured exceeds 300 people; - the amount of the people with changed for the worse their life condition exceeds 3000 people;-the number of the lost people exceeds 5.

ESES of the region levelof the region level::

-It threatens with transportation over the cordon of the proximate region of Ukraine, or-Mishap’s sequelae need a great number of the material and technical recourses – much more than the district has got.In these events the number of the injured - 50-300 people; the amount of the people with changed for the worse their life condition for the long time - 100-300 people; the number of the lost people - 3-5.

ESES of the local levelof the local level::It comes out of the potential danger object, threatens with spreading the situation or its consequences on the environment, neighbouring settlements, engineering buildings. It may be appeared on the objects of communal sphere. Mishap’s sequelae need a great number of the material and technical resources – much more than the local district has got.In these conditions the number of the injured - 20-50 people; the amount of the people with changed for the worse their life condition for the long time - 100-300 people; the number of the lost people - 1-2.

ESES of the object’s levelof the object’s level::

That extreme situations aren’t embraced under remarked above notions. In these conditions the number of the injured doesn’t exceed 20 people; the amount of the people with changed for the worse their life condition for the long time doesn’t exceed 100 people; the number of the lost people - 1.

1.1.Absence of modern leadership Absence of modern leadership systems of danger processessystems of danger processes..2.2. Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory professional professional readiness of stuff and the population readiness of stuff and the population how to act in extreme situationhow to act in extreme situation..3.3.The deficit skill stuff incrementThe deficit skill stuff increment..4.4.The law level of use contemporary The law level of use contemporary resources and oecolology’s resources and oecolology’s protecting technology.protecting technology.

Risk factors of breaking out extraordinary situations in

Ukraine:

The extreme situationThe extreme situation1997 1998 1999

Man-made Man-made 826 713 492CalamityCalamity 377 424 234Others Others 699 980 999In totoIn toto 1902 2117 1725The people lostThe people lost 750 948 541Injured Injured 2820 4499 2473

What really threatens with life and health each of What really threatens with life and health each of us.us.....

For the first half of For the first half of 2004 2004 there werethere were 22384 22384 ES ES in Ukraine.in Ukraine. Due to them Due to them over over 22000 people were 000 people were lost and lost and 22500 were wounded and damaged. Approximate 500 were wounded and damaged. Approximate losses –losses –600 mln UA.600 mln UA.

Extreme situation’s levelsExtreme situation’s levelsin Ukrainein Ukraine

Extreme Extreme situationsituation 1997 1998 1999

State’s levelState’s level 10 12 9Regional levelRegional level 62 74 51Local levelLocal level 420 325 264Object’s levelObject’s level 1410 1706 1371

The spreading of the manmade catastrophes in regions of Ukraine during

1997-2000 years

It really threatens with life and health each of us.It really threatens with life and health each of us.....

Ukraine is the unique country in the world , where the catastrophe of planetary scale has been

happened - it is the Chornobyl APS wreck

What really threatens our life and health with ?What really threatens our life and health with ?

Pollution with Pollution with Caezium Caezium -137 -137 on the on the territory of Ukraine, territory of Ukraine, Russia and BielarusRussia and Bielarus


1. There were lost 31 people there

2. Acute disease - 145 people

3. Dose of radiation, that exceed than limited - 150 000 people

(a.t. 69000 children)

4. Polluted territory of Ukraine with nuclides - 3420 км2 (more than 17 mln people), territory of Bielarus - 16500 km2, . territory of Russia - 8100 km2.

What really threatens with life and health each of What really threatens with life and health each of us.us..... Radioactive pollution

of the North Hemisphere due to wreck on Chornobyl APS on the 6 of May of 1986

Чорнобиль

А З І Я

А Ф

Р И

К А

А М Е Р И К А

Північний льодовитий

океан

Тихий океан

After Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Атлантичний океан

Disposition of the Atomic Power Stations in Europe


CharacteristicCharacteristic of APS in Ukraineof APS in Ukraine

ААЕЕСС,, ммііссццее ррооззттаашшуувваанннняя

ККііллььккііссттьь ббллооккіівв

ТТиипп ррееааккттоорраа

ЗЗаагг.. ппооттуужж--ннііссттьь,, ММВВтт

ЗЗааппооррііжжссььккаа ((44 ккмм ннаа ззааххіідд ввіідд мм.. ЕЕннееррггооддаарр)) ((11998833 рр..))

66 ВВВВЕЕРР-- 11000000 66000000

ППііввддееннннооууккррааїїннссььккаа ((22 ккмм ннаа ссххіідд ввіідд мм.. ЮЮжжннооууккррааїїннссьькк)) ((11998833 рр..))

33 ВВВВЕЕРР-- 11000000 33000000

ХХммееллььннииццььккаа ((44 ккмм ннаа ппііввддеенньь ввіідд мм.. ННееттіішшиинн)) ((11998844 рр..))

44 ВВВВЕЕРР-- 11000000 44000000

РРііввннееннссььккаа ((44 ккмм ннаа ппііввддеенннноо--ззааххіідд ввіідд мм.. ККууззннееццооввссьькк)) ((11998800 рр..))

22 11

ВВВВЕЕРР-- 444400

ВВВВЕЕРР-- 11000000

888800 11000000


Chemical industry in Chemical industry in UkraineUkraine

There are 1810 danger objects in Ukraine. Near 290000 ton toxic substances are produced every year, among them 98000 t chlorine, 178000 t ammonium,Total reserve of oil in Ukraine forms over 6 mln c/м. There is 2350 km pipe-tube in Ukraine (every km pipe-tube has got over 250 c/m oil under the pressure of 90 atm.


Even well developed countries of Europe aren’t protected from calamity

14 October 14 October 2002 2002 on the Czech chemical syndicateon the Czech chemical syndicate "Spolana Neratovice"Spolana Neratovice” in 25 km near Prague the ” in 25 km near Prague the coming out of acid sulfuric oxide was happenedcoming out of acid sulfuric oxide was happened

The chemical alarm of theThe chemical alarm of theIII degree was announcedIII degree was announced

There were poisoned There were poisoned 28 children there28 children there

Coming out Coming out the propan-butan mixture on the propan-butan mixture on oil-oil-enterprise of the oil-syndicate “Lukoil” in enterprise of the oil-syndicate “Lukoil” in

VolgogradVolgograd 18.04.2003 18.04.2003

The typical situation for the Union of the Independent States...


The spreading of the calamity in regions of

Ukraine during 1997-2000 years

overflow in trans-overflow in trans-CarpathyCarpathy


CzechCzech, , augustaugust 2002 2002

Even well developed countries of Europe aren’t protected with calamity

Medical aid for the injured Medical aid for the injured with high water with high water in Czech in Czech

in the augustin the august 2002 2002

Every state ought to protect their people

All the world ought to protect the peoples All the world ought to protect the peoples of every countryof every country

In August In August 2002 2002 syndicate syndicate was harmed with was harmed with submersion: submersion: 90 % 90 % of the territory were of the territory were

inundated.inundated.

30,5 ton mazout and above 13 ton other oil products were flew out in river. In water 50 kg cancerogenic dichlorethan and 10 ton of sulfuric acid were got.

In air 50 ton of ethylene and 71 ton of carbon dioxide were escaped.

There were poisoned 19

patients there

Nobody is protected with calamityNobody is protected with calamity......

Then above 80 t chlorine were got in water and several hundreds kilogram of this toxic substance were spread out in atmosphere.

EPL 750 кВ

Gas conduit

100 Km to the Khmelnitsky APS

chemical objects


Danger objects in Ternopil

regionZone of probable

pollution with chlorine due to the accident on the Kalush chemical

syndicate Pipe-line

Нафтопровід


Calamity and criminal human irresponsibility...

The local war conflicts are possible in Ukraine


The most actual problem of the end of the ХХ and beginning of the ХХІ centuries is fight with

terrorism

Beginning from the possibility of gentle death...


фільм

…ending with attacks of terrorist-

kamikadze


The most actual problem of the end of the ХХ and beginning of the ХХІ centuries is fight with

terrorism

In our country In our country the protection of the population and the the protection of the population and the

territory territory against extreme situationagainst extreme situation of of all the types (man-made, calamity all the types (man-made, calamity and war time)and war time) is duty of the Civil is duty of the Civil

Protection SystemProtection System, , which is which is right-right-successor of the Civil Defense successor of the Civil Defense

System of Ukraine. System of Ukraine. It must be transformed in It must be transformed in

the People Rescue Service.the People Rescue Service.

Every country in the world ought to Every country in the world ought to have the population protecting have the population protecting system against extreme situation of system against extreme situation of peace and war timepeace and war time

What conclusion may be dane?What conclusion may be dane?

Every citizen of Ukraine has the right Every citizen of Ukraine has the right of protection his own life and healthof protection his own life and health

against extreme situation against extreme situation consequences and requirement the consequences and requirement the

guarantees of this right’s realization guarantees of this right’s realization by the State.by the State.

The right base of the civil protection is the The right base of the civil protection is the Law of Ukraine Law of Ukraine

The Right Basis of the Civil ProtectionThe Right Basis of the Civil Protection (№ 1859-І(№ 1859-ІVV, 24.06. 2004 ), 24.06. 2004 )

The Civil Protection System’s aim:The Civil Protection System’s aim: 1. 1. Realization the State politicRealization the State politic in in guarantee safety and protection the guarantee safety and protection the population and the territorypopulation and the territory, , material material and cultural value and environment and cultural value and environment against negative consequences of ES against negative consequences of ES of the peace and war time.of the peace and war time.2. 2. Conquering the consequences of ES Conquering the consequences of ES in Ukraine, among them - in Ukraine, among them - consequences of ES on the territory consequences of ES on the territory the neighbouring countries according the neighbouring countries according to international convention of Ukraineto international convention of Ukraine..

Civil protection:System of organizing, engineering and technical, sanitary and hygienic, anti-epidemic and other measures, which are to be provided by state and municipal organs by means of forces and means in order to avoid and liquidate the consequences of the ES in peace time and especial period.

Notions:

The State System of the Civil Protection of the Population and Territory

Totality of directive organs, forces and means of the municipal authority, which are to realize the state politics of the civil protection’s affairs.

The Basic Notions:

The Civil Protection Service:The State civil protection service of the peculiar character is appointed for obtaining of burn safety, prevention and responding of any other manmade catastrophes, calamity and war actions, mishap’s sequaele, protection of the population and territory against their negative actions.

Operative rescuing service of the Civil Protection:Special non-military unit, which is obliged to prevent the population and territory in extreme situation due to manmade catastrophes, calamity and war actions, taking part in international actions of mishap’s sequaele and protection of the population and territory and other humanitarian operations.

The Basic Notions:

The Especial Period:The functional period of the State Authority, Military Forces of Ukraine, the municipal authority, the System of the Civil Protection, industrial enterprises, other firms and organizations, which begins from the moment of announcement of the decision about mobilization or the moment of martial law in Ukraine or at some separate localities and embraces the mobilization’s time and partially rescuing period after ending of war actions.

System of the Civil Protection of Ukraine is based on the principles of

international humanitarian law

international humanitarian law :

Total of international juridical regulation, normative fixed or traditionally adopted which guarantees superiority of human personality in event of war conflict.

Chapter2. Main measures of the Civil Protection Service

Accomplishment of the population evacuation’s measures

The Law of Ukraine ofThe Law of Ukraine ofJuridical Bases of the Civil ProtectionJuridical Bases of the Civil Protection

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Unemployed in the industry and service’s care, students, pupils, pensioners and invalids from the old-age people refuges, teachers and other personal with their family’s members are evacuated in the first turn.


Accomplishment of the population evacuation’s measures


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Prevention of panic and non-admission of people’s death due to evacuation is achieved by the way of:•planning of the people’s evacuation ;•definition the new places for living of evacuated ;•notification of the leaders of the different level and the population about of the evacuation’s beginning;•direction the evacuating;carrying out minimal needed conditions for the evacuated people’s life;

•teach of the population for their actions during evacuation.

Chapter2. Main measures of the Civil Protection Service Engineering protection of the territory.


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On the terrains with the higher technogenic overloading and risk of appearance of the extreme situation it is carried out due to:

• taking into consideration the possibility of appearance on the area any extraordinary situation during working up the general plans of the structure;

• control for the rational disposition on the place any possible dangerous objects;

• fulfill the buildings with determined levels of safety and hopefulness.


Engineering protection of the territory.


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• Working up measures of un-accident functions of dangerous objects;

• Carrying out of complex systems of protection of the settlements and objects by means of organizing building against land-slips, inundations, floods, overflow, torrents of mud and slush, snow-slips, avalanches, erosions and other special engineer structures.

Chapter2. Main measures of the Civil Protection Service Medical protection and warrant of epidemical well-being


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• Planning and use forces and measures of health care organizations;

• Developing (if it’s in need) of additional hospitals and other medical points

Purpose: Prevention or diminish of the level of injury of the population in the area of extreme situation, well-timed rendering medical aid for the casualties and their treatment and warrant them epidemical well-being

• well-time development and training emergency medical service - special medical brigade;

• accumulation of medical measures of the population’s protection, medical and other supply and equipment;

• control of the environment, sanitarian, hygienic and epidemic situation.



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• Well-time employment of preventive medicines and sanitarian and epidemic measures;

• control of quality food and emergency ration, fodder, flowing water and water-supply;

• training the population of rendering medical aid and following of modes of need sanitary;

• limiting an influence on the people’s health damage factors of environment and the extreme situation’s consequences and conditions for emerging infecting diseases ;

• sanitarian protection of the terrain and objects in the area of the extraordinary situation.



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Psychologic protection


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• planning of activity and employment forces and measures of brigade of psychological measures;

• employment in advance psychological methodic;

•своєчасне застосування психопрофілактичних методів;

• discovering by means of psychological and social methodic that factors, that supported development of social and psychological tension;

• employment the contemporary technologies of psychological influence for neutralization of negative actions on the population.

• discovering focus of biological contamination;

• foreseen a scale of development of consequences of biological contamination;

• employment of collective and individual protection’s measures;

• bringing up of regime of quarantine and observation;

• disinfecting of biological contamination’s focus;

• employment measures of emergent and specific profilaxy;

• supporting anti-epidemic regime by subjects of economics, hospitals and the population.

Chapter2. Main measures of the Civil Protection Service Biological protection


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• Protection of natural resources (gas, oil, cool, turf) against fire, overflow and slips;

• Liquidation of wood fires, storm-breaks, snow-slips, wind-storms, technogenous influence on afforestation and their consequences.


Oecological protection


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Chapter2. Main measures of the Civil Protection Service Radiation and chemical protection


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- Uncovering areas of radioactive and chemical contamination and its estimation;

- organization and employment radio-nuclides and chemical inspection;

- creating of typical regimes of radiation’s protection;

- equipment with measures for radio-nuclides and chemical protection;

- organization and employment of special sanitarian clearing и.

Chapter2. Main measures of the Civil Protection Service Radiation and chemical protection


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It is achieved:

•Working up typical regimes of radioactive protection of the population and functioning of the objects in conditions of local radiating contamination;

•Beforehand working out general criterions, methods and instructions of inspecting and control radiating setting.

• uncovering and evaluation of such situations;

• giving medical aid for the population;

• working up typical instructions for actions in extreme conditions ;

• performing of special rescue works.

Chapter2. Main measures of the Civil Protection Service Protection of the population from unfavorable of every day life and unusual situations


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Warrant observation and control any probable dangerous objects, training stuffs and population the actions and behavior in extraordinary conditions.

Every day functioning (industry, radiating, chemical, biological, (bacteriological), seismic, hydrological and, hydro-meteorological setting.

Constant foreseen and prognosis situation of its possible worseness.

Chapter3 The Unique System of the Civilian Protection Regimes of the Unique System of CP


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Subunits of Civilian Protection are law-inheritors of fire brigade of the State Fire Defense and forces of Civilian Defense of Ukraine and are created on their base.

Up to 2005 year the Cabinet of Ministry of Ukraine must secure realization of the State program recreation the Forces of Civilian Defense, organs and subunits of the Fire Defense as the Operative and Rescue Service of Civilian Protection.

• In extreme conditionIn extreme condition usage of means of usage of means of individual protection and carrying out individual protection and carrying out instructions of civil defence staff decrease instructions of civil defence staff decrease the people loss and mishap’s sequelae. This the people loss and mishap’s sequelae. This information help to save many people lives information help to save many people lives and decrease unfavourable influence of and decrease unfavourable influence of injured factors.injured factors.

Medical supplies for emergency Medical supplies for emergency medical care units, hospitals and medical care units, hospitals and

population in extraordinary population in extraordinary conditionsconditions

• Medical supplMedical supplyy for emergency for emergency medical care units, hospitals and medical care units, hospitals and populationpopulation is one of the major important is one of the major important task of the State Service of task of the State Service of Caratastrophe MedicineCaratastrophe Medicine

– Medical supply - is a complex Medical supply - is a complex of of organizing measures of the complete and organizing measures of the complete and in-time warrant medical stocks for in-time warrant medical stocks for medical care units, hospitals and medical care units, hospitals and population in extraordinary conditions. It population in extraordinary conditions. It is a mais a major important jor important condition of condition of medical consequences of catastrophe or medical consequences of catastrophe or wrecks liquidation. wrecks liquidation.

General tasks of medical supplies system

• Planning of medical supplies for emergency Planning of medical supplies for emergency medical care units, hospitals and population in medical care units, hospitals and population in extraordinary conditions.extraordinary conditions.

• 2 Creation the medical supplies storages in the 2 Creation the medical supplies storages in the area of possible disaster (depot of medicine area of possible disaster (depot of medicine supply, ammunition dump, storage warehouse).supply, ammunition dump, storage warehouse).

• 3 Investigation of posibility to drow supplies for 3 Investigation of posibility to drow supplies for emergency medical care units and hospitals from emergency medical care units and hospitals from the local resources. the local resources.

4 In-time medical suppl4 In-time medical supplyy of the equipment for of the equipment for emergency medical care units and hospitals emergency medical care units and hospitals according to equipment table.according to equipment table.

5 Control of rational and economic use medical 5 Control of rational and economic use medical equipment according to extraordinary condition, equipment according to extraordinary condition, its distribution and doing in-time repairing its distribution and doing in-time repairing medical equioment and apparatus.medical equioment and apparatus.

6 6 Preparing and delivering medical equipment for Preparing and delivering medical equipment for the population. the population.

7 7 Protection medical equipment against factors of Protection medical equipment against factors of surrounding in the extraordinary condition.surrounding in the extraordinary condition.

Attention should be paid to the following

11 Determination of the concept of medical-sanitary Determination of the concept of medical-sanitary deliverydelivery

2 2 Tasks and organization of medical delivery Tasks and organization of medical delivery of the of the for emergency medical care unitsfor emergency medical care units33 Organization of securing of medical equipment Organization of securing of medical equipment emergency medical care unitsemergency medical care units in extraordinary in extraordinary situations.situations.4 4 Organization and delivery medical equipment Organization and delivery medical equipment to hospitals and the population in extraordinary to hospitals and the population in extraordinary

situationssituations

Classification of medical equipment 3 groups:

Medical equipment after assignment:- medical - special - sanitary-domestic 2 Medical equipment after registration:- inventory - used up3 Medical equipment after qualitative state: - subject to be used or repaired- completed or uncompleted, etc.

• In order to adopt usage of individual protective measures in possible case of different types of extreme conditions in peace and military time, students have to prepare material from the textbooks and lectures.

• 1 Using means of individual protection:– gas-masks (GP-5, GP-5M, GP-7, GP-7B, PDF-D,

PDF-SH, – DP-6, DP-6M, PDF-7, KZD-4);– respirator (R-2, ShB-1);– oxygen breathing gas-masks (IP-46M, IP-5);– industrial gas-masks (defence for strong affecting

poisonous substances– in situation due to wreck on the chemical-dangerous

object);

- medications (AI-2 - portable medicine chest, IPP-8 - individual - medications (AI-2 - portable medicine chest, IPP-8 - individual

anti-gas packet, PPI - dressing packet);anti-gas packet, PPI - dressing packet);

- the most simple remedies (moistening tissue mask for defence for - the most simple remedies (moistening tissue mask for defence for

steams of poisonous substances, anti-dusting tissue masks PTM-1);steams of poisonous substances, anti-dusting tissue masks PTM-1);

- skin protective means (protective overall, L1 - light protective - skin protective means (protective overall, L1 - light protective

suite, ordinary army defence complete -OADC, filtering clothes suite, ordinary army defence complete -OADC, filtering clothes

defense complete - FCDC 58).defense complete - FCDC 58).

2 Order of accumulation and reservation, 2 Order of accumulation and reservation, giving out of means of personal defence in giving out of means of personal defence in the area of disaster.the area of disaster.

33 Deactivation, degassing and disinfecting. Deactivation, degassing and disinfecting. Sanitary disposal. The nuclear injury Sanitary disposal. The nuclear injury prophylaxis.prophylaxis.

4 Peculiarities of the children protective 4 Peculiarities of the children protective

organization.Adults duties in matter of the organization.Adults duties in matter of the

children protectionchildren protection..

5 The people evacuation from the area of disaster.5 The people evacuation from the area of disaster.

6 The population actions according to the signal 6 The population actions according to the signal

“Attention!” of the SSMC Civil protection staff. “Attention!” of the SSMC Civil protection staff.

77 Using engineer building for defence population Using engineer building for defence population

Special attention should be paid to the following:

• Means of individual protection (MIP) intend to provision safe

protection of people from poisonous substances shine radiation of

nuclear explosion, radioactive dust, nuclear substances, bacterial

spray, and let make some tasks under water in the environment

without oxygen.

• MIP provide transitory protection from fiery mixture and fire

too.

Means of individual protection divide into:- respiratory organs protection means (RPM);

- skin protection means (SPM);- eyes protection means (EPM).

RPM and SPM are divided into filtering and isolating RPM and SPM are divided into filtering and isolating ones.ones.Gas-masks, respirators, respiratory apparatus relate to Gas-masks, respirators, respiratory apparatus relate to the RPM. Goggles are used for radiation explosion the RPM. Goggles are used for radiation explosion defence and they are the MIP. Protective clothes of defence and they are the MIP. Protective clothes of filtering and isolating types are the MIP too. They are filtering and isolating types are the MIP too. They are divided into constant and periodical means of single and divided into constant and periodical means of single and multiple usage. Drugs from portable medicine chest, multiple usage. Drugs from portable medicine chest, individual anti-chemical packet and dressing are to be individual anti-chemical packet and dressing are to be used as means of individual medicine defence.used as means of individual medicine defence.

Means of individual protection of respiratory organs

• Filtering gas-masks are intended for protect people respiratory organs, eyes, and face for poisonous substances, nuclear substances, sprays, biological objects and guarantee quite safe sojourn in the poisonous substances polluted area. Filtering gas-mask is basic mean of individual protection. The principle of the filtering gas-mask protective action is based on cleaning of air which people breathe in.

Means of individual protection of Means of individual protection of respiratory organsrespiratory organs

• In the Civil Defence system for adult people gas-masks GP-5, GP-5M, GP-7 are used. For children gas-masks DP-6, DP-6M, PDF-7, PDF-D, PDF-M, camera for children defence (KZD-4) are to be used. Complete set of gas-masks GP-5 has filter-absorbing box, head-piece, box with non-sweated pellicle and bag for gas-mask saving. The gas-masks GP-5 head-piece has five size: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4. Number of size are indicated on left-down of the head-piece. For the right selection of the head-piece it is necessary to take the head grasp with tape measure from the crown to chin. Number of head-piece size is to be defined by means the chart.

Means of individual protection of Means of individual protection of respiratory organsrespiratory organs

• Gas-masks GP-7. Complete set of this gas-mask has: filter-absorbing box, face part, communicating block, expiration valve, bag. Weigh near 900 gr. There are three sizes of face part. Number of size is marked on the right of chin of the face part.

• Gas-mask named “IndependentGas-mask named “Independent”” is made of is made of thin rubber piece. It is necessary for making thin rubber piece. It is necessary for making hermetic face part on head. Slip-over with hermetic face part on head. Slip-over with one’s clothes on filter-absorbing box this one’s clothes on filter-absorbing box this gas-mask protects for rain, snow and dust.gas-mask protects for rain, snow and dust.

The skin protection means:The skin protection means:

• Means of skin protection are to be used for protection the whole human body in the contaminated area with poisonous and /or nuclear substances, agents of biological origin (ABO), etc. They also are to be used during degassing, disinfecting and decontaminating (deactivating) and other rescue works.

• There are usual skin protection means, ordinary army protection set (ODAS), light protection suit (L-1), complete set of protection filtering clothes (DFC).

• Simple means of skin protection for poisonous substances, ABO and nuclear substances are simple clothes and shoes. Cloaks and cape of rubber tissue, coats by wire, leather, thick cloth well protect the human body.

• Within 10 minutes these means can defend for drops of liquid

poisonous substances, but if clothes are wet this protective

effect can be longer – for 50 minute. For the defence of legs it

must be used rubber top boots, boots, valenki with overshoes

(galoshes), leather shoes. For hands protection it must be

used rubes and leather gloves. Head and neck are to be

protected with usage of hoods.

• Light protective suit L-1Light protective suit L-1

Suite L-1 consists of shirt with hood, trousers sewing together with the socks, Suite L-1 consists of shirt with hood, trousers sewing together with the socks,

two-finger gloves and under-helmet. It is made of three sizes: the 1-st – height two-finger gloves and under-helmet. It is made of three sizes: the 1-st – height

of 165 cm, the 2-nd – from 165 cm to 172 cm, the 3-rd – higher than 172 cm.of 165 cm, the 2-nd – from 165 cm to 172 cm, the 3-rd – higher than 172 cm.

Complete set of protective filtering clothes (PFC) consists of cotton Complete set of protective filtering clothes (PFC) consists of cotton

overall, soaked with special paste, male body linen, under-helmet and two overall, soaked with special paste, male body linen, under-helmet and two

pair of foot-clothes, one of them is soaked as an overall. There are two recipes pair of foot-clothes, one of them is soaked as an overall. There are two recipes

for oozing clothes. The 1-st is based on absorbing poisonous matter, the 2-nd – for oozing clothes. The 1-st is based on absorbing poisonous matter, the 2-nd –

on chemical on chemical sorption neutralizationsorption neutralization of poisonous matters. of poisonous matters.

Deactivation, degassing, disinfectingDeactivation, degassing, disinfecting

•

Sanitary disposal is measures of Sanitary disposal is measures of removing from human organism removing from human organism nuclear substances (NS), destruction nuclear substances (NS), destruction or removing poisonous substances or removing poisonous substances (PS) and agents of biological origin. (PS) and agents of biological origin. Sanitary disposal is complete and Sanitary disposal is complete and partial. partial.

• Partial disposal is to be carried out if somebody gives first aid for injured in the sphere of contaminated area. Sanitary disposal must be performed within first hours after pollution. It must be repeated after leaving the polluted area immediately. Radiometric control isn’t be carried out.

• Partial sanitary disposal on contaminated area is based on removing VTS and others from open parts of body, clothes, shoes, adjoining parts of clothes (drops VTS on the clothes and face, parts of gas-mask are to be degassed too) with using of individual anti-chemical packet.

• Partial sanitary disposal on contaminated Partial sanitary disposal on contaminated area is based on removing VTS and area is based on removing VTS and others from open parts of body, clothes, others from open parts of body, clothes, shoes, adjoining parts of clothes (drops shoes, adjoining parts of clothes (drops VTS on the clothes and face, parts of gas-VTS on the clothes and face, parts of gas-mask are to be degassed too) with using mask are to be degassed too) with using of individual anti-chemical packet.of individual anti-chemical packet.

• Partial disposal is to be carried out if somebody gives first aid for injured in thesphere of contaminated area. Sanitary disposal must be performed during first hours after pollution. It must be repeated after leaving the polluted area immediately. Radiometric control isn’t be carried out.

The end

The end

Documents

The Disaster Medicine department