The Disappearing Rainforests

8/13/2019 The Disappearing Rainforests

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The Disappearing Rainforests We are losing Earth's greatest biological treasures just

as we are beginning to appreciate their true value.Rainforests once covered 14% of the earth's landsurface; now they cover a ere !% and e"pertsestiate that the last reaining rainforests could beconsued in less than 4# years.

$ne and onehalf acres of rainforest are lost every

second with tragic conse&uences for both developingand industrial countries.

Rainforests are being destroyed because the value ofrainforest land is perceived as only the value of itstiber by shortsighted governents ultinationallogging copanies and land owners.

(early half of the world's species of plants anialsand icroorganiss will be destroyed or severelythreatened over the ne"t &uarter century due torainforest deforestation.

E"perts estiates that we are losing 1)* plant anialand insect species every single day due to rainforestdeforestation. +hat e&uates to ,#### species a year.

-s the rainforest species disappear so do anypossible cures for lifethreatening diseases. urrently1/1 prescription drugs sold worldwide coe froplantderived sources. While /,% of Westernpharaceuticals are derived fro rainforestingredients less that 1% of these tropical trees andplants have been tested by scientists.

0ost rainforests are cleared by chainsaws bulldoersand fires for its tiber value and then are followed byfaring and ranching operations even by world giantsli2e 0itsubishi orporation 3eorgia acific +e"acoand 5nocal.

+here were an estiated ten illion 6ndians living inthe -aonian Rainforest five centuries ago. +oday


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there are less than /#####.

6n 7rail alone European colonists have destroyedore than 8# indigenous tribes since the 18##'s. Withthe have gone centuries of accuulated 2nowledgeof the edicinal value of rainforest species. -s theirhoelands continue to be destroyed by deforestationrainforest peoples are also disappearing.

0ost edicine en and shaans reaining in theRainforests today are *# years old or ore. Each tiea rainforest edicine an dies it is as if a library hasburned down.

When a edicine an dies without passing his arts onto the ne"t generation the tribe and the world losesthousands of years of irreplaceable 2nowledge about

edicinal plants.

The Wealth of the Rainforests

+he -aon Rainforest covers over a billion acresencopassing areas in 7rail 9eneuela olobiaand the Eastern -ndean region of Ecuador and eru. 6f

-aonia were a country it would be the ninth largestin the world.

+he -aon Rainforest has been described as the:ungs of our lanet: because it provides the essentialenvironental world service of continuously recyclingcarbon dio"ide into o"ygen. 0ore than /# percent ofthe world o"ygen is produced in the -aonRainforest.

0ore than half of the world's estiated 1# illionspecies of plants anials and insects live in thetropical rainforests. $nefifth of the world's fresh wateris in the -aon 7asin.

$ne hectare #% of the developed world's diet originated inthe tropical rainforest. 6ts bountiful gifts to the worldinclude fruits li2e avocados coconuts figs orangesleons grapefruit bananas guavas pineapplesangos and toatoes; vegetables including cornpotatoes rice winter s&uash and yas; spices li2e


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econoic value than if they were cut down to a2egraing land for cattle or for tiber.

+he latest statistics show that rainforest land convertedto cattle operations yields the land owner A!# per acreand if tiber is harvested the land is worth A4## per

acre. Bowever if these renewable and sustainableresources are harvested the land will yield the landowner A/4## per acre.

6f anaged properly the rainforest can provide theworld's need for these natural resources on a perpetualbasis.

rooting the use of these sustainable and renewablesources could stop the destruction of the rainforests.7y creating a new source of incoe harvesting theedicinal plants fruits nuts oil and other sustainable

resources the rainforests is be ore valuable alivethan cut and burned.

?ufficient deand of sustainable and ecologicallyharvested rainforest products is necessary forpreservation efforts to succeed. urchasingsustainable rainforest products can effect positivechange by creating a ar2et for these products whilesupporting the native people's econoy and providesthe econoic solution and alternative to cutting theforest just for the value of its tiber.

Deforestation and net forest area change


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+he rate of deforestation shows signs of decreasing C but is still alaringly high.

@eforestation C ainly the conversion of tropical forests to agricultural land C shows

signs of decreasing in several countries but continues at a high rate in others.

-round 1) illion hectares of forest were converted to other uses or lost through

natural causes each year in the last decade copared to 1! illion hectares per year in

the 188#s.

7oth 7rail and 6ndonesia which had the highest net loss of forest in the 188#s have

significantly reduced their rate of loss while in -ustralia severe drought and forest fires

have e"acerbated the loss of forest since /###.

argescale planting of trees is significantly reducing the net loss of forest area globally

-fforestation and natural e"pansion of forests in soe countries and regions have

reduced the net loss of forest area significantly at the global level.

+he net change in forest area in the period /###C/#1# is estiated at C,./ illion

hectares per year .) illion hectares

per year in the period 188#C/###.

Facts and figures

Do you know...

Which countries have the highest forest coverD

Which countries are the ajor consuers and producers of forest productsD

Bow any people depend on drugs derived fro forest plantsD

Bow uch deforestation contributes to global greenhouse gas eissionsD

Bow any countries have less than 1# percent forest coverD

+he annual deforestation rate in the worldD

Bow any people are eployed in the foral forestry sector worldwideD


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+he total nuber of ountain people worldwideD

What percentage does bioenergy account for energy consued worldwideD

Forest cover

orests cover )1% of total land area

+he world's total forest area is just over 4 billion hectares which corresponds to an

average of #.! ha per capita.

+he five ost forestrich countries


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?oe ),# illion people who live within or adjacent to dense forests depend on the

to a high degree for subsistence and incoe.

6n developing countries about 1./ billion people rely on agroforestry faring systes

that help to sustain agricultural productivity and generate incoe.

0angrove forests which cover about 1, illion hectares worldwide are essential to

the life cycles of the ajority of the world's coercial fish species.

Forests and the economy

3lobal eployent in the foral forestry sector 14 illion people billion


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As food supplements, forest foods provide certain proteins, fat, vitamins and

minerals that are not found in many staple crops, and may even stave off hunger and

famine when drought, floods or pests and diseases cause crops to fail.

Half a million pre-school children go blind every year because of vitamin A

deficiency. Vitamin A is abundant in many tree foods, such as mango.

Bushmeat or edible wild mammals, reptiles, birds and insects which live in forests

or trees can account for up to 85 percent of the protein intae of people living in ornear forests.

!ome 8" percent of the people living in developing countries depend on non-wood

forest products, such as fruits and herbs, for their primary health and nutritionalneeds. !ource

#atural products are the only source of medicine for $5 to %" percent of people

living in developing countries.

Source& 'A( )%%*

Forests and the environment
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orests ensure environental functions such as biodiversity water and soil

conservation water supply and cliate regulation.

0isanageent of woodlands in huid and subhuid tropical countries significantly

contributes to soil losses e&uivalent to a 1# percent loss of agricultural gross doestic

product


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&a'or consumers of forest products

Percentage of glo(al consumption )#$*$+

ndustrial roundwood!5?-

percent=; oland percent=; 6ndia


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Woodfuel!6ndia

percent=; Russian ederation 6ndia's forests contain />## illion etric tons of carbon in living forest bioass. 7iodiversity and rotected -reasaals and reptiles according to figures fro the World onservation 0onitoring entre. $f these 1>.4% are eare threatened. 6ndia is hoe to at least 1>!!4 species of vascular plants of which /!.>% are endeic. 4.8% of 6n


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#$** pdate

In May 2011, Sassan Saatchi of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Lab and colleagues published a paper in P!S "ithne"

Forest definition (canopy cover %) 10% tree cover 25% tree cover 30% tree cover

Forest Area (M ha) *+ + +*

Aboveground forest carbon (Mt C) ,+5* +,* +,)5)

e!o"ground forest carbon (Mt C) ),+8 %*8 8$+

#ota! forest carbon (Mt C) 5,5%+ ,+) ,"

Average Carbon $ensity (t Cha) 8% )" ))

M%$illion, t%$etric tons& all figures are $ean carbon stoc# alues

ndia! Forest /over, #$*$

#ota! &and Area (1000 s'uare i!oeters) %$+)%

#ota! Forest Area (1000 ha) *8+

*ercent Forest Cover +

*riary Forest Cover (1000 ha) )5$")

*riary Forest+ % tota! forest +

,ther "ooded !and (1000 ha) +*$

*ercent other "ooded !and )

ndia! "reakdown of forest types, #$*$

*riary forest (1000 ha - % of forest area) )5$") +

,ther natura!!y regenerated forest (1000 ha - % of forest area) 5 *

*!anted Forest (1000 ha - % of forest area) )")) )5

ndia! Trends in Total )0et+ Forest /over, *11$-#$*$

#,#A& F,./# C,/. (1000 ha)

10 2000 2005 2010

*+%+% *5+%" *$$"% *8+

A4A& CA6/ .A#/ (1000 ha)

Negative number represents deforestation

1072000 200072005 200572010

)5 * )5
http://news.mongabay.com/2011/0531-carbon_map.htmlhttp://news.mongabay.com/2011/0531-carbon_map.htmlhttp://news.mongabay.com/2011/0531-carbon_map.html


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A4A& CA6/ .A#/ (percent)


1072000 200072005 200572010

". ".$" ".)

ndia! Trends in 0atural Forest /over )Deforestation+, *11$-#$*$

F,./# C,/. (e8c!uding p!anted forests) (1000 ha)

10 2000 2005 2010

58+ 58+ 58+ 58+

A4A& CA6/ .A#/ (1000 ha)


1072000 200072005 200572010

" " "



1072000 200072005 200572010

"." " "

ndia! Trends in Primary or 2ld 3rowth Forest /over, *11$-#$*$

*.9MA.: F,./# C,/. (1000 ha)

10 2000 2005 2010

)5$") )5$") )5$") )5$")

A4A& CA6/ .A#/ (1000 ha)


1072000 200072005 200572010

" " "



1072000 200072005 200572010

" " "

ndia! Trends in Planted Forest /over, *11$-#$*$

*&A#/$ F,./# C,/. (1000 ha)


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10 2000 2005 2010

5$)* $)*$ %8* )"))

A4A& CA6/ .A#/ (1000 ha)


1072000 200072005 200572010

)5 * )5



1072000 200072005 200572010

.% 5.$$ ).8

@eforestation is a ain environental concern in the world. @eforestation includesthe cutting down burning and destructing of forests. (uerous researches suggeststhat deforestation ay be the first lin2 in a chain of environent degradation thatincludes erosion cliatic changes loss of biodiversity and genetic endowent airpollution decline in watershed functions and the apparent loss of hardwood fuelwood and aesthetic stoc2s.

opulation e"plosion is ajor basis for decline of the rain forests. +hese forests arebeing cut down at a petrifying rate to supply an with luber pasture land and farland. +he outcoe of such huan activities is deforestation; the world's ostvaluable environent is being ruined. lants and anials life is gradually diinishingas the natural habitats are bested. @eforestation occurs because people need landfor agricultural. arge copanies clear vast aounts of land often for cattle pastures

to fill the beef ar2et. +hey also use the land for large plantations and use pesticidesand irrigation systes that are very harful to the land. +he cheicals which areused to destroy pests also 2ill other anials and cause a lot of daage tosurrounding areas. +he rain washes the cheicals into the water syste 2illing thea&uatic life. +he use of and in such a way affects negatively the surrounding areas.6t also can ta2e centuries to regrow.

+here is solid cause of deforestation which is ainly related to a copetitive globaleconoy. 6t forces countries to utilie their only resource for funds. +his processta2es place at local and national level. ocally people use land for faring togenerate incoe because of poverty and population growth. (ationally governentssell logging concessions to cover debts and develop industries. eople are usingtheir rainforests only for a shortter solution and could not assess the long tereffects of their distractive activities. 6t is predicted that half the rain in tropicalcountries coes fro evaporation of oisture fro the covering of the trees. -s treesand plants are destroyed the oist awning of the tropical rain forest rapidly reduces.Evaporation and Evapotranspiration processes fro the trees and plants return large&uantities of water to the local atosphere prooting the foration of clouds andprecipitation. @ue to less evaporation ore of the ?un's energy is able to war thesurface and the air above which leads to increase in teperatures and the drying of


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land. +oday it is novel policies and progra of developent; rapid industrialiationurbaniation and growing consueris that have resulted in the large scaledestruction of the forests. @ue to the difficulty of deforestation a ajor environentalissue any clashes have arisen between environental activist groups and thoseconcerned in deforestation activities. +he solutions to crisis of deforestation lie in

dealing with the root cause. +o resolve the issue e"perts have to consider theeconoic probles that lie at the heart of the situation. 0any proposals have beenoffered such as sustainable wood sources. 6f deforestation continues at its currentrate then in just 1## years there will be no ore rainforests left at all and people willbe the ost sufferers.

3overnents and environentalists are facing ajor challenge what steps ust beta2en to stop deforestation so that current environental conditions would not getpoorer. ?carcity and over population are ain causes which alars to governents.olicies ust be ade to overcoe such probles so that we can save our forestand anials. Environentalists and forestry supporters have been telling people andgovernents to instantly act on the proble regarding continued deforestation

practices all around the world. @eforestation could be gradually stopped if peoplewould be ore environentally indful. +hat eans to speed up efforts in stoppingdeforestation. We ust start participating in recycling progras. 3overnents shouldalso ipleent legislations that would successfully prevent the deforestationprocess. 3overnent ust encourage reforestation which is the soughtafter healingprocess

Everyone ust understand that rainforest are splendid e"ceptional gift of nature onour valuable Earth. 6f preventive easures are not ta2en iediately to stop theeffects of deforestation huans will be under grip of severe crisis. +hey ay loseanials plants and there are great possibilities for dreaded diseases that are 2illing

off our own race. -ll people ust join their hands to wor2 out a plan that isappropriate for businesses governents and ost iportantly the environent.-nother iportant threat to huan is that deforestation leads not only to speciesannihilation but also to loss of the genetic diversity that could help certain speciesadjust to a changing world. eople are well failiar with the environental crisiswhich can happen due to deforestation. ?till they are destroying speedily.

+he effects of deforestation can be devastating. 6t can lose the land of its naturalaesthetic. 6n coing years dangerous conse&uences will be visible. @eforestationcan daage to the environent usually steing fro its ability to cause landerosion. When an area is cleared the soil under the surface is essentially stripped ofthe roots that provided it structural integrity and support. Without this support the

force of water gravity or both can cause the land to ove either as one piece orore coonly steadily and increentally. ?oil erosion due to deforestation is theain cause of osta Rica's environental calaity such as flooding desertificationand sedientation in rivers longter hydroelectric shortages loss of wildlifediversity and the obvious depletion of the wood resources. ?uch a severe cliatechange can be arrested through reducing tropical deforestation. @eforestation bansand oratoria can effectively wor2 if ipleented properly.


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@eforestation of is a severe environental destruction which can not be revived ifdaaged at current rate. eople cut down trees to eet out their own need withoutconsidering future outcoe. +hey do not recognie about the daage they are doing.+he deforestation affects the plant life. eople have general ipression that if treesare cuts down it will grow bac2 in a few years. lants will ultiately grow bac2 but

the forest will be changed into a secondary forest and ay never be the sae.

0ew Delhi!@eforestation in soe states has reained a serious concern according to

the the Environent 0inistry's 6ndia forest report. +he report says 6ndia's forest cover is

down by )!* s&uare 2iloetre as copared to the last survey in /##8.

+his cae despite the fact that 1, states have increased their forest cover in this period.

+he forest cover in 1/ states has decreased considerably.

+he a"iu loss of forest cover has happened in -ndhra radesh.+he report says 6ndia's forest cover is down by )!* s&uare 2iloetre as copared to the last survey

in /##8.

(agaland and 0anipur have also lost large tracts of forests.

Bowever the report is silent on how uch deforestation has occurred due to large

developent projects.


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outh ndia I osted on 0ay #8 /#1/ at 11F44a 6?+

Call to revamp farm sector+B6R59-(-(+B-5R-0F 6n a state where a large area is prone to soil erosion the

relevance ofsustained watershed anageent needs no elaboration.6n this

connection a statelevel wor2shop for sensitisation of coon guidelines for 6ntegrated

Watershed 0anageent rograe


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the committee *enie* permission to five organisations that ha* approache* it

-ith reuests to ae as man+ as 11,03 trees in an* aroun* the cit+.

The list inclu*es( 4uter &ing &oa* authorities 5for 11,000 trees, !outh Central

&ail-a+ 5127 trees, 8reater "+*era)a* Municipal Corporation 591 trees,:ational Aca*em+ of Agricultural &esearch Management 5;This

-a+ -e can ensure that people *o not take compensator+ plantation or the

committee lightl+. !o far, applicants ust signe* an un*ertaking stating that the+-ill take up plantation -ork once the proect is over an* most often forgot a)out

it later. That -ill not )e the case an+ longer.> Apart from issuing such a *irective,

mem)ers of the committee also plan to inspect the afforestation programmes

here on, )efore giving a go/ahea* to an+ felling activit+.

>%arlier this -eek some mem)ers visite* the :AA&M premises to ensure that the

aca*em+'s reuest -as ustifie* 5it -ants to construction a ne- campus an* it

ha* space to take up compensator+ plantation. :o-, -e -ill take a final

*ecision,> sai* $ :aga)hushanam, *istrict forest officer 5$=4/"+*era)a*. ut-hile the $=4, -ho claims that !C& too is in the process of planting 7,000 trees,

is confi*ent a)out the success of the ne- strateg+, several environmentalists in

the cit+ are not. The+ argue that the proposal is unsustaina)le consi*ering the

limite* po-ers that the tree protection committee has. Another concern, the+

point out, is the *isinterest among government )o*ies to acuire lan* for

afforestation.

>?hen an+ proect is planne*, there has to )e a certain amount of lan*

earmarke* for plantation purposes. @nless that is *one, trees that are felle*

cannot make -a+ for ne- ones,> sai* retire* forester !arvottam &ao a**ing,

>Also, it is onl+ a committee -ith no authorit+. @ntil it is given po-ers to take

*isciplinar+ action the )o*+ -ill continue to remain toothless.>

Another hin*rance, accor*ing to &ao, is the lack of eperts on the tree protection

committee panel. ointing out ho- the eight/mem)er panel largel+ comprise*


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people not familiar -ith the nuances of afforestation he sai*, >"o- can +ou even

epect it to save our environment. The mem)ers neither kno- ho- to gro- trees

an* nor are the+ a-are of -a+s to protect them.>

?hile =ari*a Tampal, state *irector of?orl* ?il*life =oun*ation5??=/"+*era)a* agrees -ith the claim, she sa+s it is the staff crunch -hich is more

-orrisome. >?e are ust a)out four/five people -ho are epecte* to *o all the

inspections at present. Consi*ering the large num)er of cases the committee

receives, that is a ver+ small num)er. f -e get a**itional manpo-er, the )o*+

can *efinitel+ -ork more effectivel+,> she sai*.

4ochi I osted on (ov )# /#11 at #>F,*a 6?+

n support of Junglisthan7-(3-$REF ?her Hhan and 7aloo eerged out of the baboo trees in ubbon ar2on +uesday uch to the shoc2 of the visitors. +hese popular fictional characters fro

Rudyard HiplingJs KGungle 7oo2J then proceeded to see2 the support of visitors to save

their natural habitat L forests L fro coal ining.

+o garner ore attention to deforestation a virtual country L Republic of Gunglisthan L

was launched by 3reenpeace 6ndia and the ascots handed out virtual citienships and

passports to people who pledged their support for the fast depleting forests and

diversity.

0ascots for the 3reenpeace capaign ?her Hhan and 7aloo along with the volunteersof 3reenpeace 6ndia e"plained to the people about the e"ploitation of forests in the

nae of e"traction of coal and as2ed for their support to save forests.

?tudents fro - @ 6anuel ?chool and Wisdo ublic ?chool actively participated

in the capaign by painting drawing and enacting s2its in support of save the forest

capaign.

Moal 6ndia iited already has /##### hectares of land of which ,,### hectares is

forest. Bence their contention that forest clearances are hapering power generation is

isleading. +he inistryJs insistence on ore land for ining is nothing short of land

grab which is also endangering our forests tigers elephants and bears biodiversityand the fabric of life of forest counities. We are inviting people to join Gunglistan as a

show of support to forestsN said ?hiva ?hara public engageent capaigner

3reenpeace 6ndia.

M+here are alternate sources of energy that are cleaner and sustainable than coal li2e

solar and wind energy. or instance we can save ore energy if we can switch over to
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s instead of energyguling light bulbs. $ur country will have to a2e that choice if

it wants a safe environentN said a student fro fro Wisdo ublic ?chool.+he

capaign will be on until @eceber 4 on ubbon ar2 preises.

n*ia goes to Copenhagen -ith hope/openhagen!oitting itself to reducing its eissions intensity li2e hina 6ndia

coes to openhagen as an international player that is ready to be :part of the solution:

to global waring. rie 0inister 0anohan ?ingh will attend the @eceber * to

@eceber 1> cliate suit with 5? resident 7arac2 $baa and over ># world

leaders with the li2elihood increasing of a consensus on a new global deal.

:We're going to openhagen in a positive frae of ind prepared to be fle"ible. We

want a coprehensive and e&uitable agreeent. We are realistic enough to 2now such

an agreeent ay not aterialise but we will wor2 with li2e inded countries with

hina and with others to ensure there is a coprehensive and e&uitable arrangeent:

said Environent 0inister Gaira Raesh.

6ndia ran2ed fourth in the list of the world's 1, top polluters has announced it will

reduce its eission intensity by /# per cent to /, per cent by /#/# fro the /##, level.

(ew @elhi had been under pressure fro the industrialised world to do soething about

its rising eissions especially due to oves on eissions by hina 7rail and

6ndonesia. hina in fact has announced a 4# per cent to 4, per cent eissions intensity

reduction.

:+he prie inister's instructions to e was 6ndia has not caused the proble of global

waring but try and a2e sure india is part of the solution; be constructive be

proactive: Raesh said.

:Baving global aspirations and assuing global responsibilities are two sides of the

sae coin: the inister held.

-nalysts fro the lanning oission who cae up with the /# per cent to /, per

cent eission intensity reduction told 6-(? it would basically re&uire ipleentation of

6ndia's solar energy plan a2ing vehicle eission caps andatory and giving

incentives to energyefficient buildings.

?o 6ndia is going to the 5( raewor2 onvention on liate hange


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who have got together to table an alternate draft that envisages industrialised

countries reducing their 3B3 eissions by at least 4# per cent by /#/#.

:6ndia will not accept a legally binding eission reduction cut and it will not accept a

pea2ing date on its eissions: Raesh said.

+he ain stic2ing points in the international negotiations reain according to diploatsfro developed and developing countries who have already arrived here. Will the

industrialised countries coit significant eissions cutsD Will they coit significant

funds to developing countries to deal with cliate changeD Will a way be found to

transfer green technologies cheaply to developing countriesD

+here is soe agreeent on associated points such as how to provide financial

incentives to arrest deforestation so that trees can continue to absorb carbon.

7ut no one is seriously e"pecting what the suit was originally andated to do

coe up with a list of eission reduction targets by industrialised countries after /#1/

and get fir coitents on the aount of oney these countries would pay to dealwith a proble alost totally of their creation diploats said.

0eanwhile cliate change continue to plague the world affecting far output a2ing

droughts floods and stors ore fre&uent and ore severe and raising the sea level.

6ndia is aong the countries worst affected while Raesh said it is the :ost

vulnerable:.

liate change is being caused by an increase in the concentration of 3B3s ainly

carbon dio"ide in the atosphere due to unchec2ed industrial activities and an ever

increasing population of vehicles.

outh ndia I osted on Gan 1/ /#1/ at 1/F)!a 6?+

4f !orro-s an* "opeH$B6F :+he sights and incidents which 6 had coe across ta2e e"pressions on y

canvas. 0y paintings gab about the sorrows and grievances of woen and children

difficulties of the downtrodden and other episodes that have touched y heart: says

0ona ? 0ohan.

ive students of R9 ollege of 0usic and -rts have displayed differed facets of life at

7indhi -rt 3allery. +itled 'Root' the e"po is an eye candy for the art lovers. +he talent ofthe five final year 7- students

-nagha - R -shil -nthony Ebby Eddasery Raesh and 0ona ? coes alive in the

wor2s.

+he collection centres around thoughtful and realistic ideas. 0ona's untitled acrylic

painting picturises a woan garbage pic2er throwing a baby wrapped in a cloth along

with its doll into the garbage. 0ona says :6t issad that babies tend to be a burden for
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couples who enter an early arriageand becoe parents. -s they get too little tie

to spend with each otherthe interference of a child irritates the at soe point. +he

painting conveys to the art lovers a situation where children are no longer wanted by

their parents the sae way as toys are no longer the preferences of children. +he

painting is priced at O)####.-nagha - R's oil painting of a pin2 flowery cactus plant has to do with thesooth and

pric2ly sides of life. ?he tries to portray the inner eaning of thorns and flowers. +horns

are the probles and sorrows of today and the flowers at the tip of the plant auger the

good things e"pected to happen toorrow.

?he says :$ne should not ta2e their probles with a heavy heart. 7eoptiistic and

live each day with the thought that there is a better toorrow.: 7oth 0ona's and

-nagha's paintings are priced at O)####.

-shil's painting which portray an inverted cylinder with a wooden piece across denotes

the threats being faced by our forest.:5prooting one plant would be soething sall but ore of it will result in a dangerous

situation. @eforestation for constructions will have a negative ipact on our

environent. ?o let us put an end to deforestation and go in for afforestation: says

-shil. Bis painting costs O1,###.

$ut of the two paintings on a i"ed ediu of charcoal and acrylic r Ebey Edassery's

painting of a 7odhi tree at first glance sees to be incoplete. +he lac2 of copletion

has its own reasons. Be says :+he painting shows the incoplete e"pansion of the tree

fro the top and fro the ground level. 6 copare this to the indefiniteness of huan

life. +he two diensional aspect of the tree's growth is copared to the outer and inner

growth of a huan life. an anyone predict the e"tent to which a person can growD:

Ebey's wor2has a price tag of O /####.+he e"hibition will be on till ?aturday.

"0 /hennaiI osted on 0ar #! /#1/ at #8F,/a 6?+

e rea*+ for searing heat -ave7-(3-$REF With the teperature shooting up in the city followed by ounting heat

wave conditions any hapless citiens have been coplaining of dehydration and

water borne diseases. +he city doctors are advising citiens to stay indoors especially

during pea2 hours and 2eep theselves well hydrated with ore fluids li2e fruit juices

tender coconut butteril2 and plenty of water.

7 uttanna @irector 0eteorological @epartent has warned of further rise in

teperatures during the ne"t onth and in fact as2ed the residents to ar theselves

with ubrellas and head scarves while travelling during the noon hours


23/44

) p=. +he @irector however has ruled out any incidents of sunstro2es but has alerted

the possibility of brea2 out of water borne diseases.

+he @irector shared weather statistics of previous years when the city teperatures

touched the scary proportions of teperatures as high as ), degrees or ore. M6n /##4

the teperature in the onth of 0arch was )!.4 degrees elsius in 7angalore city while3ulbarga recorded a high of )>.>.3ulbarga recorded 4!.1 in 0ay /#1#. and this tie

it is li2ely to shoot upN said 7 uttanna. +he people of (orth Harnata2a region are

accliatised to heat but any thing between )4 to ), degree elsius the people of

7angalore are unable to tolerate .

M6n these conditions the day will be as long as 1/.,4 hours thereby turning very hot

and huid. 6n 7angalore the teperature touched an all tie record of )*.) degrees in

188! and this was due to rapid deforestation in and around 7angalore and now again

the teperature ay touch scary heightsN he said.Be asserted that higher the

population densityhigher the teperature. 7angalore is a good e"aple wherecontinuous deforestation has resulted in ecological ibalance. Be said M7angalore and

0adi2eri will see fluctuation in teperatures due to the high altitude of these two

regions. -t the sae tie (orth Harnata2a will be e"periencing high teperatures as

witnessed every year.N Bowever he also claied MWhen the teperature is high during

the suers we can e"pect ore rainfall during the onsoons. Bence this is the right

tie for the 770 to ta2e up preonsoon wor2 to ensure that the low lying areas are

not flooded during heavy rains.N

onsultant physician with 9ictoria Bospital @r Raveendra H R saidF M6t is advisable to

wear loosefitting lightcolored clothing during this periods of intense heat.N Be also

aintained that it is always advisable to avoid eating out in restaurants or sall food

joints.

$igha !hankarpur $evelopment Authorit+

hol*s )oar* meeting to take *ecisions to

*evelop the coastal areas4BATA( The $igha !hankarpur $evelopment Authorit+5$!$A hel* a )oar*

meeting last -eek an* have taken several *ecisions to *evelop the coastal )elt.

Among the *ecisions that have )een taken, lan*scaping -ill )e *one in t-o others

places apart from the stretch along -ith the $igha gate. "otels -ill )e reueste*
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Digha-Shankarpur-Development-Authorityhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Digha-Shankarpur-Development-Authorityhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/coastal-belthttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Digha-Shankarpur-Development-Authorityhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/coastal-belt


24/44

to take up roa*si*e )eautification in the area. A plot near @*aipur )each a little

ffar from :e- $igha -ill )e set up for auction for a three/star hotel. The auction

-ill )e hel* soon. esi*es, a )u*get hotel -ill )e set up on a half/complete

structure in $igha -here the top floor -ill )e given to $!$A.

Among the other *ecisions taken, the authorities -ill appoint ':ulias' to ensure

the safet+ of the tourists in the sea as it has )een notice* )+ the authorities that

uite a fe- fatal inci*ents of *ro-ning has occurre* recentl+. Also, an electric

crematorium -ill )e set up on -a+ to the $igha mohana.

The authorities -ill soon float epression of interests to invite private pla+ers for

setting up a rope/-a+ in Amravati ark. The plan is to attract more tourists. The

authorities -ill also take up *rainage -orks in critical areas -here -ater logging

occurs an* the forest *epartment -ill also spee* up afforestation -ork in thearea.

&esi*ents a*opte* trees3aurav 7hatia+(( I-ug > /#1/ #1.//0 6?+

C"A:$8A&"( n a uniue in its -a+ a >Tree A*option $rive> -as starte* in

sector 17. !aura)h Joshi, Councilor of ?ar* :o. 2, has taken initiative to keep the

cit+ green -ith a completel+ innovativeTree a*option $rive. The Councillor

along -ith his team reueste* the resi*ents of !ector 17$ to a*opt a sapling

each an* nourish it as their o-n. =or this special *rive the "orticulture -ing of

Municipal Corporation of Chan*igarh provi*e* aroun* 170 saplings, an* out of

170 saplings 3< saplings -ere a*opte* )+ enthusiastic families. t -ere mostl+ the

age* -ho came for-ar* -ith great pleasure an* ple*ge* to care an* nourish the

sapling as their chil*ren. %ven the chil*ren an* +outh steppe* for-ar* to carr+

the responsi)ilit+ of a sapling each. n this *rive the A$C Mahavir aushik,

Mukesh Anan*, !% Municipal Corporation, Jang !her, !$%, 8urmukh !ingh,

!"4 an* other officials of Municipal Corporation -ere present.

!aura)h Joshi, Councillor plea*e* the families to care an* groom the saplings as

their o-n famil+ an* make this environmental *rive a success. "e eplaine* as to

-h+ this ne- thought -as reuire* )ecause onl+ planting a sapling -oul* never

ensure a tree in future. Just like chil*ren it nee*s complete an* proper care an*

protection. eing environment frien*l+ himself he )elieves in the phrase >&eap

?hat #ou !o->, -hich is nee* of the hour.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Gaurav-Bhatia.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Gaurav-Bhatia.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Tree-adoption-Drivehttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Tree-adoption-Drivehttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Gaurav-Bhatia.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Tree-adoption-Drive


25/44

!h Mahavir aushik, A$C greatl+ appreciate* this ne- concept as taking

complete care of the plante* sapling -oul* make sure a health+ plant in the

future -ith a cent percent a**ition to the afforestation campaign. "e hope* for

such an effort to )e carrie* ever+-here an* aroun* the cit+ -hich -oul* ensurethe cit+ green an* )eautiful in the future as -ell. Mukesh Anan*, !% "orticulture,

applau*e* this meaningful concept. "e assure* to carr+ this effort aroun* the

cit+ as it -oul* involve* the societ+ an* make them a-are ant responsi)le

to-ar*s their environment.

The Cure Is The DenseForestation

PT Bureau:

India is likely to launch a satellite, as informed by the Environment andForest Minister Jairam Ramesh, to inspect environmental conditions

!"# $reenhouse emissions, encroachments on forest tracts,recedin$ and meltin$ of $laciers etc% !"# till &'(&% )o*everthe satellite surveillance on environment, thou$h a hi$h+tech

dia$nosis, is not a cure% he real timely -uestion is for .sia and.frica to follo* Europe in $oin$ in for dense forestation

Except Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal and Bhutan perhaps no other Asian countryincluding China and India can claim to have even 33.33 per cent land, the minimumreuired as per !orest policy, under dense !orest cover. "he data o! A!rican !orest covertoo, almost resem#les that o! Asia. Both the continents, though highly #ehind in time,

$ould #e advantaged i! they learnt ho$ Europeans maintain their !orests.


26/44

Addressing apress con!erence on climate change on May %%, &'%' Indian Environment and (orestMinister Jairam )amesh declared that India $ould launch a satellite #y &'%&, !orsurveillance o! environmental conditions namely, greenhouse emissions, encroachmentson !orest tracts and receding and melting o! glaciers. *! course, satellite surveillance o!the environment might reveal some ne$ !acts in the context o! climate change,diagnose the environmental ailments more e!!iciently and analytically and suggest#etter control measures. But it is neither a cure !or environmental im#alance nor asu#stitute o! political $ill+po$er essential !or dense !orestation o! minimum 33.33 percent area o! country.

Japan is a country o! distinction in Asia. It had a population density eual to that o!India in the %-'s. But it adopted a minimum land+use policy, leading to construction o!vertically expanded dense housing colonies in such a manner that more that / percent o! its total area could #e made availa#le to dense !orests and pasturages. "he$hole o! Europe, though having much lesser population density than Japan, developedin a similar manner leaving around 0' per cent land under dense !orest cover. 1incemid &'thcentury, trained civil engineers and architects !rom Asian countries li2e Indiaand China have #een migrating to the countries $here they $ere really reuired. Ahoriontally expanded housing has #een the only li!estyle pattern !ollo$ed #y most

Asian countries. )ecently, the environment icon ).4. 5achauri has #lamed haphaardur#an expansion !or the environmental im#alance.

"he Asian and A!rican continents possess #elo$ %6 per cent the land under scattered!orest cover. "he !orest cover !igures o! countries li2e Bangladesh and 5a2istan are only

seven and t$o per cent respectively. India and China, the t$o populous and large Asiancountries, have !orest cover #elo$ %/ per cent. In these circumstances, a strong

political $ill+po$er to modi!y li!estyle pattern so as to maintain minimum 33.33 percent land under dense !orest cover is more urgently reuired !or Asian or A!rican

countries, rather than a high+tech environmental diagnostic aid li2e satellitesurveillance.
http://www.pravasitoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/image-123.jpg


27/44

/atellite surveillance of the environment mi$ht reveal ne* facts in the conte0tof climate chan$e, but it is neither a cure for environmental imbalance nor a

substitute of political *ill+po*er essential for dense forestation

Tren* reverse*, forest cover up in ihar0adhuri Huar +(( I-ug / /#1/ #4.//-0 6?+

According to India State of Forest Report, 2011, based on the analysis of satellite data prepared by

Forest Survey of India, Dehradun, the total forest cover in Bihar has increased fro !,"0#s$% in 200& to

!,"#'s$% in 2011(

AT:A( The alluring trees of gulmohar, amaltas, kachnar etc, -hich once *otte*

the state capital's lan*scape, -ere felle* for -i*ening of roa*s an* other

*evelopment proects. ?hile felling these trees, ple*ges -ere taken to plant more

trees, )ut precious little has )een *one so far. The situation is no *ifferent in the

rest of ihar an* the countr+.

n this )ack*rop of vanishing trees, there is some goo* ne-s in ihar. 4f late, the

forest cover in our state has increase* marginall+. An increase of 91skm of forest

cover )et-een 200 an* 2011 might )e terme* as >marginal> )ut its significance

lies in the fact that the countr+ lost ;63skm of forest cover in the same perio*.

Accor*ing to n*ia !tate of =orest &eport, 2011, )ase* on the anal+sis of satellite

*ata prepare* )+ =orest !urve+ of n*ia 5=!, $ehra*un, the total forest cover in

ihar has increase* from 6, of 0.;D in ihar's forest cover is the result of an increase

of ;2skm in mo*eratel+ *ense forests an* skm in open forests. :o change -as

o)serve* in the categor+ of ver+ *ense forests since 2003, -hich stoo* at

2;1skm. The state capital has 1;skm of mo*eratel+ *ense forests an* ;skm of

open forests. The present forest cover accounts for 3.23D of the total geographical

area of the state, as per =! report.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Madhuri-Kumar.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Madhuri-Kumar.cms


28/44

This turnaroun* in forest cover has )een )rought a)out thanks to the state

government's emphasis on afforestation. CM :itish umar is chanting the eco

mantra like sel*om )efore )+ an+ chief minister. >There is a competition among

J$ 5@ -orkers no- to plant more an* more trees, The *a+ is not far off -hen the

state capital -ill turn into a gar*en cit+,> sai* state J$ 5@ presi*ent Eashisth:ara+an !ingh. To make its '8reen ihar' mission a success, the state

government is also *istri)uting 20 lakh free saplings from August 1 to August .

>The increase in green cover in the state is *ue mainl+ to enhance* plantation

activities in an* outsi*e the forests. The state government is no- targeting to

increase the forest cover to 17D, un*er the recentl+/ launche* '"ari+ali' mission

)+ the environment an* forests *epartment in June 2012,> sai* principal chief

conservator of forests A han. f half of the saplings plante* *uring the entire

mission survive, ihar -ill have several lakhs of ne- trees, he a**e*.

4nl+ recentl+, *eput+ chief minister !ushil umar Mo*i ha* announce* that

school stu*ents an* poor families -oul* also )e involve* in the massive tree

plantation *rive un*er M:&%8A, an* the eisting Chhatra Eriksharopan #oana

-oul* )e given a ne- shape to make the afforestation plan a great success. This

+ear alone, the government is planning to plant 10 crore trees in *ifferent parts of

the state.

Mo*i ha* also state* that onl+ fruit/)earing an* -oo*/oriente* trees -oul* )eplante* on school campus, roa* or high-a+s si*e an* religious places. The

schools -hich ecelle* in this *rive -oul* )e re-ar*e* at state level. %ach

pancha+at -oul* )e *irecte* to plant at least 6,000 trees, a**e* Mo*i.

CBI probe sought in allotment of sea area for afforestation?aeed Hhan+(( I -ug 4 /#1/ #1./40 6?+

A"M%$AA$( $i* the state government allotte* sea portion to the forest *epartment in lieu of the lan* grante* for

in*ustrial *evelopment in the A*ani ort !pecial %conomic Fone 5A!%F in utchG

ABhas come to )e file* accusing the same an* *eman*ing a pro)e )+ the Central ureau of nvestigationfor the

allege* scan*al involving officials of the revenue an* forest *epartments. The high court on =ri*a+ grante* t-o -eeks'

time to the state government to eplain the issue an* kept further hearing on August 16.

The B file* )+ 8uarat ra*esh Congress Committee's office )earer A*am Chaki through a*vocate " !+e*

conten*e* that the state government -as reuire* to give compensator+ lan* of 73.37 hectare in utch to the forest

*epartment, since eual chunk of lan* -as given to theA*ani groupin Mun*ra )lock in southern utch for the
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Saeed-Khan.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Saeed-Khan.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/PILhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/PILhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/PILhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Central-Bureau-of-Investigationhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Central-Bureau-of-Investigationhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Adani-Grouphttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Saeed-Khan.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/PILhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Central-Bureau-of-Investigationhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Adani-Group


29/44

purpose of in*ustrial *evelopment. ut the lan* given to the forest *epartment for afforestation in the +ear 2000 in

Bakhpat )lock -as actuall+ a sea area, as it falls 700 metre north of Bakhpat.

The B further allege* that in 2003, the state government allotte* 2000 hectare lan* to the forest *epartment in

similar fashion. An* -hen an epert committee visite* the spot upon the "C or*ers for inspection, the government

officials frau*ulentl+ sho-e* them another chunk of lan*. The committee also *i* not make an+ remark a)out it,

though the location of the lan* an* measurement -ere at variance from the *ata sho-n on paper.

The petitioner allege* that the state government -as given :4C )+or*er !ecurit+ =orcefor plantation of

mangroves, )ut the state government misun*erstoo* the :4C an* veste* the plots in the name of the forest

*epartment as if the lan* -as transferre* )+ the securit+ force to the government.

t -as conten*e* )+ a*vocate !+e* that the government officials collu*e* -ith the compan+ to pass off -rong piece of

lan* as the one allotte* to the forest *epartment for the greening the area. "e *eman*e* a pro)e )+ the central

agenc+ claiming that since the state government is allege*l+ involve* in the *ealH local police coul* not *o ustice to

the issue.

$evelopment fun*s for green cover loss elu*e eonhar *istricts

(aresh handra attanaya2+(( I Gul /! /#1/ 1/.410 6?+

eonhar( $espite collecting more than &s 1,;00 crore from various mines an* in*ustries of eonhar *istrict, the

Compensator+ Afforestation =un* Management an* lanning Authorit+ 5CAMA has *one little for the *evelopment

of the people an* environment of the mineral/rich eonhar *istrict.

CAMA -as constitute* )+ the @nion ministr+ of environment an* forests for collecting mone+ from mining

companies accor*ing to the loss of environment an* forest cover cause* *ue to mining an* in*ustrial activities. The

collecte* fun* is suppose* to )e investe* in the *evelopment of the affecte* areas.

The amount of the compensation is to )e *eci*e* accor*ing to the net premium value 5:E of forest *amage, cost of

compensator+ afforestaion, cost of maintenance of safet+ Iones an* cost of regional -il* life management plan. There

are a)out 110 mines in the *istrict. Till *ate, the companies have *eposite* a total of &s 1,;22 crore to the CAMA

fun* through the forest *epartment.

>The fun* -as collecte* from *ifferent companies against the loss of green cover cause* )+ them. "ence the@nion

governmentshoul* spen* most part of the amount for the *evelopment of the *istrict an* for compensating the

*amage cause* )+ in*ustries. n stea* of that, the government is *iverting the fun*s to other *istricts. eonhar

suffers from intense air an* -ater pollution an* health haIar*s o-ing to the presence of so man+ mines an*

in*ustries here. ro)lems like *amage* roa*s, rise in acci*ents, *ecline in -ater ta)le, rise in infant mortalit+ rate are

also cause* )+ these in*ustries. Tri)al/*ominate* Jo*a, Champua, Jhumpura, anspal an* "ata*ihi )locks are the

-orst affecte* areas. The government shoul* take steps to *ivert more mone+ from the CAMA fun* to the *istrict's

*evelopment,> sai* Amara)ara hatua, an e/Fila arisha* mem)er.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Border-Security-Forcehttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Border-Security-Forcehttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Naresh-Chandra-Pattanayak.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Naresh-Chandra-Pattanayak.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Union-governmenthttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Union-governmenthttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Union-governmenthttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Border-Security-Forcehttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toireporter/author-Naresh-Chandra-Pattanayak.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Union-governmenthttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Union-government


30/44

>This fun* can )e utiliIe* in plantations *rives, roa* construction, protection of forests an* -il* animals, irrigation or

renovation of -ater )o*ies, upgra*e of *rinking -ater facilities in the affecte* areas,> he a**e*.

eonhar $=4Aa+ umarJena sai*, >&ecentl+, -e receive* &s 10 lakh from the CAMA fun* for upgra*ing

electricit+ infrastructure in the forests so that elephants *on't get electrocute* from coming in contact -ith lo-/

hanging -ires. More mone+ shoul* )e spent from the over 1;00 crore fun* for the overall *evelopment of the *istrict

an* the poor people living here.>

@n*er CAMA, the rate of compensation for forest loss is calculate* accor*ing to the *ensit+ of forest. The compan+

has to *eposit a)out &s 3 lakh per hectare forest loss. esi*es, the amount collecte* for regional -il* life management

is &s 20,000 per hectare, an* the cost of maintenance of safet+ Iones is &s ;;,000 per hectare. This apart, the cost of

compensator+ afforestion is &s ;6,000 per hectare an* the cost of afforestation is a)out 1.7 time of the cost of

maintenance of safet+ Iones.

Bocals sai* even people's representatives are not taking up the issue. The+ also sai* in*ustrial )o*ies -ere not

fulfilling their corporate social responsi)ilities.

!u)arna :aik, MBA eonhar !a*ar, sai*, >The central government shoul* *ivert more mone+ from CAMA fun* for

the *evelopment of the *istrict. This *istrict is suffering from huge *amage to environment o-ing to mining activities.

The companies are also not performing peripher+ *evelopment activities as per the rule.>

eonhar collectorraakishore :a+ak sai*, >The government shoul* *ivert fun*s collecte* from this area for the

*evelopment of this *istrict. This *istrict is suffering a lot *ue to mining activities. Tri)als an* the poor are suffering

most. The companies also shoul* take up C!& activities properl+.>

3lo(al deforestation slowed over lastdecade! 0Roe 0ar /,


31/44

- report by the 5.(. ood and -griculture $rganisation

.) illion a year in

the 188#s than2s largely to abitious tree planting prograes in -sia.

Efforts by ajor offenders such as 6ndonesia and 7rail to reduce deforestation also helped

reverse the trend.

:or the first tie we are able to show that the rate of deforestation has decreased globally

as a result of concerted efforts ta2en both at local and international level: said Eduardo

Rojas assistant director of -$'s orestry @epartent.

+he -$ said tougher legislation had helped curb destruction of woodland. ?eventysi"

countries have issued or updated forest policies since /### any of the allocatingwoodland to local counities for sustainable developent.

+he proportion of forests contained in national par2s and other legallyprotected areas has

clibed to 1) percent having risen by 84 illion hectares since 188#.

orests cover just over 4 billion hectares or )1 percent of the world's total land area. +hey

store soe />8 gigatonnes of carbon ore than all the carbon in the atosphere but

this decreased by #., gigatonnes a year during /###/#1#.

:- lower deforestation rate and the establishent of new forests have helped bring down

the high level of carbon eissions fro forests caused by deforestation: said 0ette oyche

Wil2ie coordinator of -$'s 3lobal orest Resources -ssessent /#1#.

7EP$(@ /#/#D

Bowever Wil2ie warned tree planting prograes in hina 6ndia and 9ietna accounting

for ost of the recent gains in forest area would end by /#/#. ?he urged governents to

&uic2ly put in place easures to slow deforestation.

:Without such interventions we ris2 a sudden return to high rates of net forest loss and of

carbon eissions fro forests which we had in the 188#s: Wil2ie said.


32/44

6ndonesia sharply reduced the speed of its deforestation to #., illion hectares a year

between /### and /#1# versus 1.8 illion a year during the previous decade. 7rail

lowered its own figure to /.! illion fro /.8 illion hectares.

?outh -erica nonetheless had the highest regional level of net deforestation at 4 illion

hectares a year followed by -frica with ).4 illion hectares.

-sia by contrast e"panded its forest area by a total of close to /./ illion hectares a year

than2s to the reforestation in hina 6ndia and 9ietna which added 4 illion hectares a

year of fresh woodland.

6n (orth and entral -erica the forest area reained fairly stable while in Europe it

continued to e"pand although at a slower rate than previously.

3overnment (lames 0a6als fordeforestation(ew @elhi eb * /#1/ @B(?F

n the last two years, half of ndia7s forest loss was caused (y 0a6als in the

4hammam district of Andhra Pradesh. 4hammam is one of the hot(eds of 8eft wing

e6tremism.

Even though 6ndiaJs forest cover was reduced by )!* s& 2 between /##8 and /#11 the

ost significant loss of 1>/ s& 2 happened in Hhaa which the officials attributed to

(a"al activities.

M+he loss happened due to rising eft wing e"treis in si" to eight onths between /##>

and /##8. Either they cut ostly tea2 by theselves or as2 villagers to do it in patchesN

5nion Environent ?ecretary + hatterjee said releasing the ?tate of orest Report /#11

here. ?iilar trend was also observed in Warangal district.

Hhaa shares its border with hhattishgarh and $disha. 6t acts as a buffer one for the

eft wing e"treists who fre&uently ove bac2 and forth in these three states depending on

pressure fro security agencies.

+he otive for villagers according to hatterjee is to see2 district adinistrationJs attention

so that they can provide aids for developent.

+he officials however s2irted &uestions on how tiber fro 1>/ s& 2 of forests can

vanish in thin air without any records. +hey also did not answer &uestions on if any probe is

being carried out to find out what happened to the valuable forest resource.

0a"iu forest and tree cover loss was reported fro -ndhra radesh where alost 88 s&


33/44

2 of eucalyptus plantation was cut and sent to paper ills. +wo decades ago the state

received perission for growing eucalyptus which has now been cut and auctioned off for

the industry.

orest and tree cover in unjab grew by 1## s& 2 as the state planted eucalyptus and

poplar under various agroforestry schees. orest cover in Harnata2a reains ore or

less static with an overall increase of ere 4 s& 2 of forest area. orest rich (orth

Eastern states li2e 0anipur (agaland 0iora and -runachal radesh too lost soe of

their forest covers due to the reduced cycle of traditional shifting cultivation practice said -

H Wahal @irector3eneral of orest ?urvey of 6ndia which brought out the biennial report.

$verall 6ndiaJs forest and tree cover stand at /).>1 per cent of the country's geographical

area that includes /.*! per cent tree cover. +here is an increase of ,,# s& 2 of dense

forests where endangered species lived hatterjee said. +he reduction in forest and tree

cover did not have any ipact on flora and fauna.

$ A/, "), ".)8A0 1!2, A3A4#A #A14,2##

Free saplings for government departments in0agpur(-35RF 6t is the state governent's drea project to plant a 1## crore trees in the state.

3iving an ipetus to this drea the forest departent has decided to provide free

saplingsto governent departents.

- governent resolutionhas said that saplings fro the forest departent nurseries rununder the 0ahata 3andhi (ational Rural Eployent 3uarantee ?chee will be given

to governent departentswithout any charges for planting under the 1## crore tree

plantation project.

(agpurforest departent has 4# la2h saplings in its ), nurseries which will be available to

various governent offices free of charge. +he governent offices can contact the range

forest officer


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A multi-disciplinary e6pert committee that pro(ed into the reasons for the landslide

in 4arwar which claimed *1 lives during the 2cto(er floods has found that

deforestation and large scale e6cavation of soil from the hilllock lead to the tragedy.

+he coittee lead by @r + 9 Raachandra fro the entre for Ecological ?ciences

6ndian 6nstitute of ?cience along with officials fro the forest and ines departents found

that a total of /1 landslides had occurred in Harwar including the 2iller landslide at Hadvad

village due to antecedent rainfall. +he landslide had resulted due to reoval of deeprooted

vegetation besides lateral pressure due to swelling of oversaturated clay rich soil horion.

+he report was subitted to hief 0inister 7 ? Peddyurappa at a function organised by the

@epartent of orest and Environent and Western 3hats +as2 orce.

+he coittee has recoended planting of native vegetation on hilltops and slopes

restoration of natural drainage networ2 banning of illegal soil ining. +he coittee hasalso suggested that authorities concerned reodel the protection wall around the (aval

7ase in Harwar to pave way for natural drainage of rain water.

0o to large scale pro'ects

+he coittee has recoended that no large scale developent projects be ta2en up in

5ttara Hannada district that are li2ely to har the ecology and biodiversity of the Western

3hats. Monsidering the ipleentation of large nuber of ega projects in Harwar it

appears that the region has e"ceeded the carrying capacity and further ipleentation of

any ega project would prove detriental to the local populationN the coittee reportsubitted to the 0 said.

7esides the coittee has pointed out the Hon2an Railway trac2 connecting Harwar town

with 3oa and other places passes through the Qariwada paleoriver valley and also crosses

the lineaents. +he vibrations generated by oveent of trains has developed crac2s on

hill tops and also resulted in the loosening of the soil the report said

Peddyurappa also approved the launch of a scientific study project on Mintegrated carrying

capacity study and sustainable developent strategies in 5ttara Hannada districtN.

+he entre for Ecological ?ciences 66?c will be conducting the study which will serve as aguide for policy a2ers to choose appropriate developent projects which are in tune with

the ecology of the district.


35/44

Deforestation with missionary 5eal?rinivas ?irnoor2ar 3ulbarga 0ay 1) @B(?F

The 0ational Forest Policy may have an am(itious plan of having at least 99.99 per

cent of the total geographical area under forest, (ut 3ul(arga district appears to have

(een e6cluded forever from the policy.@espite the forest departent being e"clusively eant for increasing the forest cover

having an elephantine establishent ever since the foration of the ?tate the forest cover

in the district continues to reain a ridiculous three per cent.

WhatJs ore the forest cover has been on the decline slowly but steadily. (evertheless the

3ulbarga ircle and the 3ulbarga @ivision of the departent continue to have a huge

establishent of forest babus including three 6? officers a conservator of forests and two

deputy conservators of forest for territorial forestry and social forestry.

+he departent has been relentlessly cutting trees both in rural and urban areas withoutfollowing any of the statutory guidelines and nors. +he +ree reservation -ct has been

totally neglected resulting in alaring deforestation in the district which once upon a tie

was part of a thic2 forest area.

+o a Right +o 6nforation -ct &uery by @eccan Berald the departent refused to divulge

the details of the nuber of trees a"ed in the district in the last five years. 6t has refused to

provide the copies of the procedure followed in each case of tree cut.

+he @eputy onservator of orests 4/ and where

teperature can cross 4! degree elsius in 0ay.

+he aladinistration in the forest departent is evident fro the constant decline in forest

cover. -ccording to the @$ 3ulbarga district has a forest area of )/8*4 hectares which

accounts for only three per cent of the total geographical area of 1#841.!! s& 2.

5ndisputedly there has been a steady decline in the forest cover.

6n 18!4!, the forest cover was )>,,) hectares which declined to )48>! hectares in

188)84. 6t further reduced to )/>*4 hectares in /#1#11. +hat eans in the last 4, years


36/44

the forest cover of the district has reduced by !#*8 hectares. +he @ adits that there

has been no increase in forest area. +he revenue fro nontiber forest produce


37/44

until the copletion of the (aa etro analyse its ipact and only then coe to a

decision on the roadwidening project.

+he residents are collectively concerned over the ajor deforestation that will ta2e place

once the road widening gets going. 6ncidentally the residents around ?tella 0aris ?chool

have been wa2ing up to find ageold trees around their place surreptitiously chopped down

in the night.

@r. 0eena2shi 7harath eber of the 0?6 says M@estroying the integral 7angalore is not

the solution. - survey was done in 0arch and the pea2 traffic density was found to be below

the a"ial for a road of that width.N

ampige road widening issues

(ot far away fro the ?an2ey road is the ?apige road. Widening of this road has becoeeven ore contentious with the 770Js recent deolition of the 0antri 0all rap and the

copound of the residential 0antri 3reens property.

Echoing the 0antri @evelopers view of KvestedJ interests being the reason behind the

KunjustifiedJ deolition the spo2esperson for the 0antri 3reen residential apartent

ownerJs association saysF M- lot of hue and cry over the widening of the ?apige Road

appears to have started after the 770 elections.N

rabha2ar Rao the president of the RW- feels the ali2e oissioner ay have been

KforcedJ to give the order. +he four etre land ac&uisition by 770 will also bring abouthuge changes which ay include the deolition of the ?ri haundeshwari +eple

located within the preises and reduction in the par2ing space of school buses ferrying

children. +he 0antri residents clai this also poses potential danger since the children will

have to use the widened ?apige road to board or alight fro the bus.

M$ur suggestion as per the views of architects we have consulted is that a dedicated auto

lane on the left side of the treeswith the trees acting as a edian will help reduce the traffic

congestion on the roadN says 0eena2shi 7harat.

Ashwath 0arayana, &8A, &alleswaram

:+he situation will turn gri in the coing few years with a lot of highrises coing up in

0alleswara. Widening ?an2ey Road is the only possible solution to ease the congestion

of traffic oving fro Peshwanthpur towards the ity.:


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A P irur, President, &alleswaram wa(himana nitiative

:Restricting the traffic and prooting use of public vehicles is the proper solution. 6n the long

run there will be no space for people to live if you 2eep widening the road.:

=eena Raman, Resident, ankey Road

:Road widening is really unnecessary. +he trees have been there for years this shouldnJt

be the price we have to pay for developent. 6t is only going to aggravate the current

probles.N

Paying farmers to save the Ama5on forestsElisabeth Rosenthal

The new argument is that cash payments are the only way to end destruction of

tropical forests

Gose 0arcolini a farer has a perit fro the 7railian

governent to rae 1/,## acres of rain forest this year to

create highly profitable new soy fields. 7ut he says he is

struggling with his conscience. - 7railian environental

group is offering hi a yearly cash payent to leave his forest

standing to help cobat cliate change.

0arcolini says he cares about the environent. 7ut he also has a faily to feed and he isdubious that the groupJs initial offer in the negotiation L A1/ per acre per year L is enough

for hi to accept.

Mor e to resist the pressure surrounded by soybeans 6Jll have to be paid L a lotN said

0arcolini ,) noting that cleared farland in the state of 0ato 3rosso sells for up to A1)##

an acre.

0ato 3rosso eans thic2 forests and the nae was once apt. 7ut today this 7railian

state is a global centre of deforestation. @riven by profits derived fro fertile soil the

regionJs dense forests have been aggressively cleared over the past decade and 0ato3rasso is now 7railJs leading producer of soy corn and cattle e"ported across the globe

by ultinational copanies.

@eforestation a critical contributor to cliate change effectively accounts for /# per cent of

the worldJs carbon dio"ide eissions and *# per cent of the eissions in 7rail. Balting new

deforestation e"perts say is as powerful a way to cobat waring as closing the worldJs


39/44

coal plants.

7ut until now there has been no financial reward for 2eeping forest standing. - growing

nuber of scientists politicians and environentalists argue that cash payents are the

only way to end tropical forest destruction and provide a gaechanging strategy in efforts

to liit global waring.

imple solution

5nli2e hightech solutions li2e capturing and se&uestering carbon dio"ide or a2ing KgreenJ

fuel fro algae preserving a forest yields a stri2ingly siple environental paybac2F a

landowner reduces his propertyJs eissions to ero.

Pvo de 7oer e"ecutive secretary 5( raewor2 on liate hange said that

deforestation KabsolutelyJ needed to be addressed by a new international cliate agreeent

being negotiated this year. M7ut people cut down trees because there is an econoicrationale for doing it and you need to provide the with a financial alternativeN he said.

+he payent strategies ay include direct payents to landowners to 2eep forests

standing as well as indirect subsidies li2e higher prices for beef and soy that are produced

without resorting to clearcutting. @eforestation creates carbon eissions through fires and

achinery that are used to fell trees and it also destroys the plant life that helps absorb

carbon dio"ide eissions fro cars and factories around the globe.

7ut getting the cash incentives right is a cople" and uncharted business. 6n uch of the

developing world deforestation has been tied to econoic progress.

edro -lves 3uiaraes *) a weathered an sitting at the edge of the regionJs River of the

@ead cae to 0ato 3rosso in 18!4 in search of free land pushing into the jungle until he

found a site and built a hut as a base for raising cattle. While he regrets the loss of the

forest he has welcoed aenities li2e the school built a few years ago that his

grandchildren attend or the electricity put in last year that allowed hi to buy his first

freeer.

-lso environental groups caution that designed poorly prograes to pay for forest

preservation could erely serve as a cash cow for the very people who are destroyingthe. or e"aple one proposed version of the new 5( plan would allow plantations of

trees li2e pals grown for pal oil to count as forest even though tree plantations do not

have nearly the carbon absorption potential of genuine forest and are far less diverse in

plant and anial life.

3lobal as well as local econoic forces are driving deforestation L 7rail and 6ndonesia


40/44

lead the world in the e"tent of their rain forests lost each year. +he forests are felled to help

feed the worldJs growing population and eet its growing appetite for eat. 0uch of 7railJs

soy is bought by -ericanbased copanies li2e argill or -rcher @aniels 0idland and

used to feed cows as far away as Europe and hina. 6n 6ndonesia rain forests are felled to

plant pals for the pal oil which is a coponent of biofuels.

7rail has tried to balance developent and conservation.

8aws fail

ast year with a grant fro (orway that could bring the country A1 billion it created an

-aon und to help counities aintain their forest. (ational laws stipulate that >#

percent of every tract in the upper -aon ust reain forested but it is a vast territory

with little law enforceent. ?oy e"porters officially have a oratoriu on using product fro

newly deforested land.

6n 0ato 3rasso *## s&uare iles of rain forest was stripped in the last five onths of /##*

alone according to 7railJs (ational 6nstitute for ?pace Research which trac2s vanishing

forests.

MWith so uch oney to be ade there are no laws that will 2eep forest standingN said

Gohn arter a rancher who settled here 1, years ago as he flew his essna over the

denuded land one day earlier this suer.

5ntil very recently developing the -aon was the priority and soe settlers feel betrayed

by the new stiga surrounding deforestation. 0uch as in the 18thcentury -erican Westthe 7railian governent encouraged settleent through hoesteadersJ benefits li2e cheap

land and housing subsidies any of which still e"ist today.

learing away the trees is often the best way to declare and ensure ownership. and that

arter has intentionally left forested for its environental benefit has been interittently

overta2en by s&uatters. 6n parts of ?outheast -sia early e"perients in paying landowners

for preserving forest have been hapered because it is often unclear who owns or

controls property.

+here are various ideas about how to rein in deforestation.

+he 5( prograe called Reducing Eissions fro @eforestation and orest @egradation

or RE@@ will reward countries that preserve forests with carbon credits that can be sold

and turned into cash for forest owners through the global carbon ar2et.

@aniel (epstad a scientist at the Woods Bole 6nstitute has recently apped out large


41/44

areas of the -aon Kpi"el by pi"elJ to deterine the land value if it was converted to raise

cattle or grow soy to help deterine how uch landowners should be paid to conserve

forest. 0ost e"perts feel that landowners will accept lower prices as they realise the benefits

of saving forest li2e conserving water and burnishing their iage with buyers.

(he e" )or# (i$es

Forests now in the fight against climatechange7y 0arianne de (aareth

Deforestation is the second largest cause of glo(al greenhouse gas emissions.

0ost tropical forests are found in developing nations who have few developent optionsother than converting their trees into coodities to achieve poverty reduction and e2e out

a living. +he international deand for products li2e beef coffee soy paloil and tiber

drives deforestation worldwide.

7ut scientists have clearly stated that we cannot avoid dangerous global waring without

action on deforestation which causes around /# per cent of all carbon eissions L ore

than the entire global transport sector put together. @espite this evidence 1) illion

hectares of tropical forests continue to be destroyed each year. ro that figure ,., illion

hectares are rain forests which is an area twice the sie of 7elgiu.

+ropical rainforests cover 18 illion 2 of the planet and store a &uarter of the carbon on

land. +ropical old forests store 1/#4## tonnes of carbon per hectare. ?o protecting old

forests reduces $/ eissions cost effectively and &uic2ly. Bistorically developing

countries cannot be held accountable for causing cliate change. 7ut the forests in the

countries offer one of the cheapest ost efficient and iediate solutions to the worldJs

rapidly rising carbon eissions which can be seen in the ?tern 0cHinsey and the

6nternational anel on liate hange


42/44

process and the ris2 to the world is building up into a cliate crisis. @eforestation is the

second largest cause of global greenhouse gas eissions. -round 1> per cent of global

greenhouse gas eissions /#1/ are e"pected to e&ual 4# billion tonnes of $/

which could raise atospheric levels of $/ by / parts per illion


43/44

(ative forests in 6ndia are disappearing at a rate of up to /.* percent per

year. +he figures published in an analysis of the countryJs forest cover

stand in star2 contrast to those of a /##8 survey by an 6ndian

governental organisation which said that forests have e"panded by

five percent over the past decade.

6ndia is aong the ost densely forested countries in the world and in /##> the

governent announced goals to increase forest cover by nearly 1# percent by /#1/. +he

6ndia ?tate of orest Report /##8 by the orest ?urvey of 6ndia


44/44

total forest cover as easured by reotesensing iagery and found that coverage of

native 6ndian forests actually declined by 1., /.* percent between 188, and /##, an

MalaringN average of /.4 percent a year and a loss of ore than 1/4### s&uare 2iloetres

over the decade.

+he researchers chec2ed these figures against changes in forest biovolue

Documents

The Disappearing Rainforests