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THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
OF THE PUBLIC SECTOR:
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Edwin LAUHead of DivisionReform of the Public sectorPublic Governance and Territorial DevelopmentOECD
Digital Government ConferenceBeirut, 4 May 2017
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IS MUCH MORE THAN DIGITISATION !
Digitisation is changing
citizens’ expectations
Source: World Bank (2015) World Development Indicators
The rise of digital natives:Citizens are more connected and informed
117123
103
126 125116 118
8880
8592 93
77 75
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
DEU EUU FRA GBR JPN OECD USA
Mobile subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet subscriptions (per 100 people)
3
Social media:reshaping social
interactions
Highly convenient digital services
But going digital doesn’t necessarily
mean more engagement
…but less than 10%to discuss political or
civic issues
92% of young
Norwegians use social media, 4
Social media use by young people: know your audience!
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Social media use SM use to discuss civic issues
Source: Eurostat, Digital economy and society indicators, 2015
Values must be embedded into the use of technology
Open Data is today a very trendy issue
5
“The use by the governments of information and communication
technologies (ICTs), and particularly the Internet, as
a tool to achieve better government.”
“The use of digital technologies, as an integrated part of
governments’ modernisation strategies, to create public value. It relies on a digital government
ecosystem comprised of government actors, non-
governmental organisations, businesses, citizens’ associations and individuals which supports the production of and access to
data, services and content through interactions with the
government.
Digital Government
E-Government
Digital Transformation of Governments
Government as a platform: openness &
digitisation enable new actors, tools, partnerships
6
Total size of the public cloud computing market (USD Billions)
Note: Worldwide; 2008 to 2020* = ForecastSource: Forrester Researcher, Forbes, Statista.
5.82 8.6815.08
25.5
40.96
58.61
78.42
96.98
113.94
128.88
141.43151.71
159.28
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020*
Ma
rke
t in
bill
ion
U.S
. d
olla
rs
New Actorscontributingto buildingvalue forcitizens andbusinesses
New tools:
Broadband Cloud computing Big data analytics Machine learning & AI
Public value
National govern-ments
Other public sector
AcademiaCivil
Society
Business sector
Policy advisory skills
Traditional cost benefit
analysis
Open policy making
Citizen engagement
skills
Formal consultation
Co-design and delivery
Commissioning skills
Procurement and
contracting
Strategic commissioning
Leadership & Network
management skills
Command and control
Collaboration and adaptive management
7
Changing ways of working imply new skills
From To
8
GETTING IT RIGHT: YOU NEED A STRATEGY!OECD Recommendation on Digital Government Strategies
Governance and Coordination
Capacities to Support Implementation
5) Leadership and political commitment
6) Coherent use of digital technology across policy areas
7) Effective organizational and governance frameworks to coordinate
8) Strengthen international cooperation with other governments
9) Development of clear business cases
10) Reinforced institutional capacities
11) Procurement of digital technologies
12) Legal and regulatory framework
Creating Value Through the Use of ICT
1) Openness, transparency and inclusiveness
2) Engagement and participation in a multi-actor context in policy making and service delivery
3) Creation of a data-driven culture
4) Protecting privacy and ensuring security
Openness and Engagement
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
FOR LEBANON AND MENA
COUNTRIES
Benchmarking Digital Government Strategies in MENA Countries
OECD Recommendation as reference
Knowledge-sharing to support digitalisation efforts in MENA countries
Participating countries: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia and the UAE
Methodology: survey + in-person interviews with bodies responsible for digital government
Awareness and the development of
capabilities are still issues
Source: MENA-OECD Questionnaire on Digital Government, 2015
Main challenges for digital government implementationNumber of countries
Capitalising on opportunities calls for the realisation of thestrategic relevance of digital technologies
Delivering on expectations entails investment in capabilities
= Lebanon
4
6
3 3
4
1
2
1
4
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
La
ck o
f a
wa
ren
ess
in t
he
pu
bli
c se
cto
r
La
ck o
f a
wa
ren
ess
in t
he
soci
ety
at
larg
e
La
ck o
f p
oli
tica
l su
pp
ort
Fin
an
cia
l/b
ud
get
ary
issu
es
La
ck o
f te
chn
ica
l sk
ills
in
the
pu
bli
c se
cto
r
Lo
w l
eve
ls o
fin
tern
et/m
ob
ile
pen
etra
tio
n
Lo
w l
eve
ls o
f d
igit
al
lite
racy
Lo
w l
eve
ls o
f li
tera
cy
La
ck o
f IC
Tin
fra
stru
ctu
re
La
ck o
f IC
T p
roje
ctco
ord
ina
tio
n
Openness and engagementUntapped opportunities for value co-creation remain
Lebanon
Egypt
JordanMorocco
Tunisia
UAE
Yes:33.33%
No: 66.67%
Strategies to promote the re-use of open government data
Source: MENA-OECD Questionnaire on Digital Government, 2015
Government as a platform allows for new state-society relations that foster value creation
More participatory approaches allow governments to leverage external talent and resources
The rise of data as a strategic asset
Yes: 18.18%
No: 81.82%
The digital revolution brought us an unprecedented wealth of data
Big data, machine learning and AI can support foresight, service delivery and public performance
OECD countries have started to set up Chief Data Officers to make the most out of their data assets
MENA countries have not yet started to explore these opportunities
OECD Countries with a Chief Data Officer
1. The survey was completed by 31 OECD countries + Colombia and Latvia.Source: OECD Survey on Open Government Data, 2014.
What governance for the digital transformation?
Source: OECD Survey on Digital Government Performance, 2014
Countries with a single unit or function co-ordinating ICT decisions for the central government
Need for clear roles and responsibilities
Not mainly about institutional design, but about governance function
What do we want to achieve?
Enable collaboration: new ways of working!
ChileNew Zealand
No: 3.7%
Yes: 96.3%
Lebanon = several functions responsible for digital government
New tools demand new strategic
approaches
Egypt
Jordan
LebanonMorocco
Tunisia
UAE
Yes: 16.67%
No: 83.33%
Countries with a strategy covering new technologies specifically
Source: MENA-OECD Questionnaire on Digital Government, 2015
Total size of the public cloud computing market (USD Billions)
Note: Worldwide; 2008 to 2020* = ForecastSource: Forrester Researcher, Forbes, Statista.
5.82 8.6815.08
25.5
40.96
58.61
78.42
96.98
113.94
128.88141.43
151.71159.28
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015* 2016* 2017* 2018* 2019* 2020*
Ma
rke
t in
bill
ion
U.S
. d
olla
rs
• Embed values of openness into technology deployment
• Government as a platform: unleash the power of users and networks
• Recognise data as a strategic asset
• In face of new opportunities, develop strategic approaches to ICT procurement (i.e. cloud, new forms of shared services, agile tendering)
Key messages
