The Development of the Canadian federation (1867-

1929)

Territorial Expansion

The government hoped to extend the railway network to the West. The government fought against and displaced Aboriginal peoples, like the Métis, to reserves in order to build the Trans Canada Railway.

5 new provinces join the federation between 1870-1905 (Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, Alberta, Saskatchewan)

Canada 1867

Canada 1870

Canada 1873

Canada 1905

National Policy

In 1879, the Federal government adopted the National Policy. It was a 3 point plan to help grow the country

1) raise custom tariffs – to help protect Canadian businesses from American competition

2) encourage immigration – to bring settlers from Great Britain and Northern Europe to settle in Western Canada

3) Build Trans-Canada Railway – to help connect industries and people across the country. Also a national symbol for unifying all the provinces.

Canadian Railroad Trilogy – Gordon Lightfoot

The Second Phase of Industrialization

Between 1880-1929, the country experienced major economic growth because of:

An influx of immigrants who settled mostly in the West

The development of new industrial sectors that opened up new areas of Quebec

Labourer’s living and working conditions were poor. They joined forces to protect their interests: this was called unionization.

The First World War

Canada’s involvement in the war provided an economic stimulus (boost) and gave the country greater autonomy on the international stage. This was Canada’s first time fighting a war as its own independent country.

Women were given the right to vote in federal elections in 1917

In 1917-1918, conscription provoked a crisis in Quebec

The era of prosperity ended with the 1929 stock market crash.

Test

304 -02 – your test is on Friday May 4304 – 04 – your test is Monday May 7Instructions for the test in your next class