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Problem Statement
• Changes to the BCBC & VBBL has many Local
Governments rethinking their green Building Policies
• Bill 20 The Building Act has changed local governments
ability to incentivise green buildings
• A clear priority from both industry and the Province for
consistency
• A need to better align green building policy with local
government targets
• Mutual desire to look at new ways of approaching energy
efficient design.
Opportunity
• Develop a simpler program that focuses on Energy and
Climate Policy
• Align Utility, Local Government, and Provincial government
plans
• Design a program that aligns with Local Government
resources and risk tolerance
• Provide industry a pathway to net zero buildings
• Opportunity to create training programs and direct resources
more effectively
Participating Partners • BC Hydro
• Ministry of Housing, Building Safety Standards Branch
• Ministry of Energy
• City of Vancouver
• City of Burnaby
• City of Richmond
• City of North Vancouver
• City of Surrey
• The Pembina Institute
• The Urban Development Institute
• FortisBC
Draft Objectives • Leads to consistent and substantial and real world energy and
GHG reductions (scalable for different times and jurisdictions)
• Prioritizes passive design and building envelope design over
equipment design (minimize loads 1st, maximize efficient
equipment 2nd)
• A framework that works for the next 10 years (maybe a different
target for a different LG?)
• Ability to consistently deal with existing and future low carbon
energy systems
• Improvements in process development that meets the needs and
abilities of Local Governments
• The ability to capture and track data on program performance
• Alignment of key stakeholders
Best Practice Comparison
STANDARD COMMERCIAL MULTI-FAMILY ASHRAE 90.1 % Energy Cost Reduction % Energy Cost Reduction
ASHRAE 189 Approx. 34% reduction over ASHRAE 90.1 Approx. 34% reduction over ASHRAE 90.1
BR10, Denmark 71.3 + (1650 kWh/yr/m2)
Offices, Schools, Institutions, Other
52.5 + (1650 kWh/yr/m2)
Residential, Student Accomm, Hotels
EnEV2009, Germany Meet or exceed reference building kWh/m2/yr with pre-defined
standards
Meet or exceed reference building kWh/m2/yr with pre-defined
standards
IECC % Energy Cost Reduction % Energy Cost Reduction
NECB, Canada Meet or exceed reference building kWh/m2/yr with pre-defined
standards (performance path approach)
Meet or exceed reference building kWh/m2/yr with pre-defined
standards (performance path approach)
Part L, UK (England + Wales) Meet or exceed reference building kgCO2/m2/yr with pre-defined
standards.
Meet or exceed reference building kgCO2/m2/yr with pre-defined
systems standards. (39 kWh/m2/yr - MFH 2016)
Target Performance Path, Seattle 40 kBTU/sf/yr (approx. 125 kWh/m2/yr) 40 kBTU/sf/yr (approx. 125 kWh/m2/yr)
TEK10, Norway 150 kWh/m2/yr
Office Building
115 kWh/m2/yr
Apartment Buildings
Title 24, California 97.7 kWh/m2/yr
Example office building
88.2 kWh/m2/yr
Example residential building
RT2012, France 40-65 kWh/m2/yr (50 kWh/m2/yr baseline with climate zone and
altitude coefficients)
40-65 kWh/m2/yr (50 kWh/m2/yr baseline with climate zone and
altitude coefficients)
Architecture 2030 394.7 kWh/m2/yr Site Energy Use
Ontario average value
188 kWh/m2/yr Site Energy Use
Ontario average value
Minergie, Switzerland 40 kWh/m2/yr
Public/Office Buildings
60 kWh/m2/yr
Multi-Family Housing
LEED V4 2-5% reduction in energy use compared to and ASHRAE 90.1- 2010
baseline
5% reduction in energy use compared to and ASHRAE 90.1- 2010
baseline
Living Building Challenge 105% of project’s energy needs must be supplied by on-site renewable
energy.
105% of project’s energy needs must be supplied by on-site renewable
energy.
Passivhaus 120 kWh/m²/yr Max. total primary energy demand
Max. heating / cooling demand (each) 15 kWh/m²/yr
120 kWh/m²/yr Max. total primary energy demand
Max. heating / cooling demand (each) 15 kWh/m²/yr
Global Leaders
STANDARD COMMERCIAL MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL
Denmark Building Regulation 10 (BR10)
Non-Residential, Offices, School, Institutions, other
71.3 kWh/yr/m2
Residential, Student Accommodation, Hotels
52.5 kWh/yr/m²
Norway Tek10
Office building 150 kWh/yr/m² heated floor area Blocks of Flats
115 kWh/yr/m²
France Regulation Thermique RT2012
40-65 kWh/m²/yr (as per climate zone/altitude) 57.5 kWh/yr/m²
England/Wales The Building Regulations 2010
Conservation of fuel and power
Meet or exceed reference building kgCO2/m2/yr with pre-
defined envelope and building systems standards.
Meet or exceed reference building kgCO2/m2/yr with pre-
defined envelope and building systems standards.
Multi Family Housing 39 kWh/m2/yr (2016)
Germany Energy Savings Ordinance (EnEV)
Meet or exceed reference building kWh/m2/yr with
pre-defined standards.
Meet or exceed reference building kWh/m2/yr with
pre-defined standards.
California
Title 24, Part 6 97.7 kWh/m2/yrExample office building 88.2 kWh/m2/yrExample Residential Building
Seattle SEC2012 Target Performance Path
40 kBTU/sf/yr (aprox: 125 kWh/yr/m²)
40 kBTU/sf/yr (aprox: 125 kWh/yr/m²)
Passivhaus
Maximum cooling demand 15 kWh/m²/yr
Maximum space heating demand 15 kWh/m²/yr
Maximum total primary energy demand 120 kWh/m²/yr
Minergie Public/Office Buildings 40 kWh/m²/yr Multi Family Housing 60 kWh/m²/yr
Range of Performance
165 kWh/yr/m2
Norway
France
115 125
Seattle Denmark
105
UK/Wales
80
Minergie
60
MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL
Regulated Loads (Estimated)
Vancouver 2014
Range of Performance
165 kWh/yr/m2
Norway
France
115 125
Seattle Denmark
105
UK/Wales
80
Minergie
60
MULTI-UNIT RESIDENTIAL
Regulated Loads (Estimated)
Vancouver 2014
Key Findings for Discussion
• Typically most high performance standards do not cover “unregulated loads”
• Typically European Codes have an EUI (both normalized and hard cap)
• Use a standard modelling tool
• Target of approximately 100 kWh/yr/m2
• Process requirements such as Airtightness Testing can drive performance
• Most have some prescriptive requirements: heating, cooling, ventilation,
airtightness, thermal bridging, thermal envelope requirements, hot water, lighting,
heat recovery,
1. Framework should be EUI Based
• Use a Thermal Demand calculation to derive EUI
• Maximize passive design
• Set a consistent benchmark
2. Carbon Intensity
UK Building Regulations
10 • Status: Mandatory
• Date of Enforcement: Jan 1st, 2013
• Metrics: kWh/m2/yr & kgCO2/m2/yr
BUILDING TYPE TARGET
Commercial
Meet or exceed reference building kgCO2/m2/yr
with pre-defined envelope and building systems
standards.
Residential
Meet or exceed reference building kgCO2/m2/yr
with pre-defined envelope and building systems
standards.
Single Family Housing 46 kWh/m2/yr (2016)
Multi Family Housing 39 kWh/m2/yr (2016)
ZERO ENERGY TARGETS Residential NZE by 2016
Key Points • Standardized software tool is
applied
• Only regulation to regulate
based on GHG production
• Applied only to regulated loads
3. Single Platform
• A single energy modeling platform for compliance
• Selection will have to be aligned with utility programs
• Find the appropriate tool for most buildings
4. Energy model
• Requirement for Energy models in all cases
• May need different tools triggered by building size
5. Energy Reporting
• Most European standards have a harmonized building
energy reporting & disclosure with building code
• Having a harmonized policy that addresses new
construction and continues into the operations of the
building is of value
• Using a simplified approach such as portfolio manager could
be of value for smaller buildings
6. Prescriptive Requirements
A limited set of prescriptive requirements:
• Lighting Power Density
• Sub-Metering (panel segregation)
• Minimum Ventilation Requirements
7. Administrative Requirements
• Air Tightness testing
• 3rd Party Review of Energy Models
• Commissioning Requirements
• Energy Modelling Process Requirements
• Component Modelling for Envelopes
• Schedule “S” for energy model
• Professional sealing of energy models
Range of Targets
The average MURB has a
thermal demand of: 110
Kwh/m2/Yr. (includes: all
passive gains, Heating,
Cooling, Ventilation and Hot
Water.)
• ASHRAE 90.1 Compliant
Envelope,
• High efficiency Boiler,
• Fan-coil units and
• No Heat Recovery.
Enactment Enforcement Options
• A Provincially endorsed process that could be integrated
into Local Government incentive programs (eg:
density/height)
• Potential to be adopted as the code for a given jurisdiction
over time
• Potential harmonization with City of Vancouver
• Potential harmonization with utility incentive programs
Next Steps
• Provincial Working Group on Energy Efficiency meeting now
through 2016 to review recommendations
• More in depth analysis of options in different climate zones