The Design of Car Parking Spaces Presentation 5 ...zavtraffic.com.au/documents/Presentation 5 Mechanical Parking.pdf · The Design of Car Parking Spaces Presentation 5: Mechanical

The Design of Car Parking SpacesPresentation 5: Mechanical Parking

Prepared July 2012

DRAFT ONLY FOR REVIEW

Note: This presentation is just a basic overview and does not include all information relevant to off-street vehicle facilities. Advice should always be sought from a qualified consultant. All figures/tables sourced from Standards Australia, Victoria’s Planning Scheme and other sources are for pictorial purposes only. It is expected that the user will have access to a legitimate version of each guideline. This presentation should be read in conjunction with the above mentioned guidelines or any other relevant specification. This is not a guideline.

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Conventional Spaces• Must meet the dimensional requirements of Table

2 to Clause 52.06

• Must meet the clearance requirements of Diagram 1 to Clause 52.06

• Typically this would be a 2.6m wide, by 4.9m long, 6.4m accessway with 300mm clearance to fixed objects within the door opening region (note: entry splays to columns are 250mm x 100mm minimum)

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Conventional Spaces• Note that Australian Standard AS/NZS 2890.1:2004

(AS) does have different spaces sizes and clearances; however, Clause 52.06 sizes should be used in preference

• Notwithstanding the above, AS sizes can reduce to 2.4m wide, 5.4m long and 5.8m aisle with 300mm clearance to fixed objects in door opening regions for resident and employee use only (note: minimum entry splays to columns are 750mm x 300mm)


Design Vehicle

• B85 vehicle: 4.91m long x 1.87m wide (AS) for access to car bays

• B99 vehicle: 5.2m long x 1.94m wide (AS) for access to roadways, accessways etc.

• Height clearance of 2.1 metres (Clause 52.06) excluding disabled


Top 10 Sales Sept 2011Make Sales Sept 2011 Width (mm) Length (mm) Height (mm)

Toyota Corolla (Accent)

3766 1760 4245 1515

Holden Commodore (Omega)

3712 1899 4903 1471

Toyota Hilux (SR) 3191 1760 5135 1735

Holden Cruze (CD) 3117 1797 4615 1477

Mazda3 (Neo) 2703 1755 4460 1470

Hyundai i30 (SX) 2493 1775 4475 1520

Toyota Camry (Altise)

2049 1820 4815 1480

Nissan Navara (ST-X)

1885 1848 5296 1795

Ford Falcon (XT) 1708 1868 4955 1453

VW Golf (TSi) 1664 1785 4199 1479

Top 10 results sourced from news.drive.com.au/drive/motor-news/toyota-corolla-takes-top-spot-20111006-1laph.html Vehicle dimensions sourced from carsales.com.au


Typical City/UrbanToyotas

Images sourced from toyota.com.au


Vehicle Accessories

• Bull/nudge bars

• Tow bars

• Roof rails/racks

• Aerials radio/sat nav


Boot Access• Access to rear boots on hatch back style

vehicles requires additional headroom

• The Honda Civic and Subaru Outback shown measured 1.93m and 2.0m with boot lid raised


Driver/Passenger• The height and width of a driver/passenger can vary

substantially

• The average height of a male in Australia according to ABS is 176cm; however, note that there are taller people as this is just the average, not the 85th percentile

• The average waist size of a male in Australia according to ABS is 96cm; however, note that there are people with wider waists

• There is also people with walking difficulties ABS data sourced from www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/4841.0Chapter22011


Type 1 - Dependant• Require entry level vehicles to exit before upper/lower level

vehicles can enter/exit (i.e. tandem)

• Only a consideration for the same residence if more than one space is required or the same office tendency

• Usually available in single and double platforms

Images sourced from multiparking.com.au


Type 2 - Independent• All spaces accessible independent of each other

• Move up and down only

• Usually available in single and double width platforms



Type 3 - Independent• All spaces accessible independent of each other

• Move up/down and left/right (usually at-least 1 blank space for operation)

• Longer unit due to left/right action

• Requires stacker doors (this is additional to stacker unit length)

• Columns must be external of pit due to left/right action

• Usually only single width platforms



Stacker Considerations• Side rails between stacker platforms that may prevent vehicle

overhang as well as restrict driver/passenger walking space

• Structural intrusions that may not meet door clearance or entry splay requirements

• Are usually available in models smaller than permitted for conventional car spaces

• They must be able to store the entire length of a vehicle with clearance as they go up/down and in some case left/right (note: conventional Clause 52.06 car space lengths require the B85/B99 vehicle to overhang)


Stacker Versatility• Is there opportunity to swap spaces with other tenants/owners?

(note: if there is a mix of taller and shorter units, there maybe opportunity to swap units in an informal manner between tenants to cater for differing vehicle sizes/shapes and person heights)

• Where is the use located? (note: just because they live/work near inner CBD suburbs does not mean the user won't own a Porsche Cayenne 4WD; however, options such as bull bars, tow bars, roof racks may not be expected)

• Is the end user likely to be an owner or a tenant (note: apartment/office developments are often renters/employees, and users are likely to change regularly, so catering for differing vehicle sizes may be an important consideration)


Statutory Requirements Clause 52.06

• At least 25 percent to be 1.8 metres height

• Not for visitors (unless valet parking)

• To be designed to the satisfaction of the responsible authority

AS Requirements • To be designed in accordance with this standard (note: space

dimensions should not be less than Clause 52.06)

• Ensure queues do not extend beyond the property boundary


Stacker Layout• Mechanical Parking is mentioned within the Victorian

Planning Scheme and Australian Standards

• Therefore the responsible authority cannot reasonably refuse them and should accept at least 25 percent of stacker units with a height of 1.8m

• However, the design and layout has to be to the satisfaction of the relevant authority, so this is where it is important to get the design correct early on in the process as this could dramatically alter the design of the development


Stacker HeightWhat is a reasonable height?

• All at 2.1 metres would be ideal as this would provide the same height clearance as conventional bays

• However, since Clause 52.06 does mention 25 percent at 1.8 metres, then this is an indication that a departure from conventional 2.1 metre heights could be a consideration


Stacker HeightSince 25 percent can be at 1.8 metres does that mean the rest need to be 2.1 metres? • Some responsible authorities may interpret it that way,

but then some consultants may interpret it as the rest can be lower than 1.8 metres

• The rest at below 1.8 metres is probably unreasonable. The rest at 2.1 metres lines it up with conventional bays; however, may not always be possible or necessary.


Stacker HeightWhat is acceptable to the Responsible Authority? • It would be reasonable to assume the Responsible Authority

would accept 25 percent at 1.8 metres and the rest at 2.1 metres height

• Any departure from the above, would require sufficient justification of the proposed layout in an effort to convince the Responsible Authority

• Therefore, always seek to provide the maximum height possible; however, exceptions may be possible


Stacker HeightWhat can be used to justify a lower height? • Certain three car high Type 3 (puzzle type) stacker models have an entry level where all

vehicles/drivers access, which can be at 2.1 metres for access to hatch/wagon boots and taller drivers; however, when then car is shifted up/down the height is reduced. Assuming the upper and lower levels are 1.8 metres, it may be possible to argue that only 1/3 should be at 2.1 metres and 2/3 at 1.8 metres if the same stacker is used throughout.

• There are efficiencies with building a consistent floor height and using the same model stacker unit. Therefore, when using a two-level high pit stacker unit, an entry level at 2.1 metres and an upper level at 1.8 metres when raised is often possible. In this situation, entry level provides clearances as per a conventional space and the upper level height is only reduced to 1.8 metres when raised. Therefore driver height and hatch/wagon boot access is not compromised. Accordingly, it may be possible to argue 50 percent for both 1.8 metre and 2.1 metre height clearances.

• For both of the above examples, arguing lower heights may be possible (particularly non-entry levels). A height below 1.6 metres (i.e. 1.5 metre stacker) should be avoided, as arguments against are high due to increased heights associated with small/compact vehicles. Use of stackers below 1.8 metres, but taller than 1.6 metres will require strong justification and would be better suited to situations where the shorter units only make up a small percentage of the total number of spaces.


Stacker HeightCouncil approved 1.5 metre tall stackers next door, surely they will have to approve my proposal if I do do the same? • Not necessarily, If council have made a mistake with an

approval in the past, does not mean that's they need to continue to make them. Also, note that many have been approved at VCAT, and the case presented at VCAT is based on who presented the best evidence on the day. Only as of June 2012 has mechanical parking been included in Clause 52.06. Also, understanding of their installation and operation has grown as more developments seek their inclusion.


Stacker HeightBased on previous discussion, the following may be reasonably argued depending on the stacker model type: • Upper/lower levels up to 50% = 1.8 metres (seek to accommodate hatch/

station wagon style vehicles as some units only permit sedans)

• Entry level = 2.1 metres (accommodates most SUV/4WD style vehicles, opening of hatch/station wagons, headroom of persons taller than 1.8 metres)

NOTE: DO NOT USE 1.5 METRE VEHICLE HEIGHT STACKER UNITS DUE TO INCREASED HEIGHT REQUIREMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH COMMON COMPACT/SMALL VEHICLES


Platform Length • It should be highlighted that a B85 and B99 vehicle

are 4.91 metres and 5.2 metres long respectively

• Also the above vehicles will overhang a conventional 4.9 metre bay of Clause 52.06 plus clearance will be required to the front vehicle (also to the rear in the case of a stacker bay)

• Length is also restricted to available stacker lengths


Platform Length• A distinction should be drawn between the length of

the stacker unit and the length of the stacker platform

• Platform length is the region the vehicle will be located

• The stacker unit length is the entire length, and the vehicle may not be located in this region(s) due to up/down (or left/right) operation; however, this usually does not include stacker doors (where required)


Platform LengthWhat platform length is required? • Usually dependant on the available stacker models

• Type 2 stacker unit platforms are usually available in 5.3/5.4 metre lengths (plus stacker doors if required)

• Type 3 (puzzle type) stacker platforms are typically 5.0/5.2 metre lengths; however, the unit length would usually be 5.5/5.7 metres plus stacker doors


Platform Length • In the case of Type 2 stackers, it would be best

to use a 5.4m long unit, as this would usually allow a 5.2m B99 vehicle with 100mm clearance to the front and rear

• In the case of the Type 3 stackers, it would be best to use the 5.2m platform or 5.7m unit plus doors (if a longer model is not available); however, note that B99 vehicles may not have any clearance


Platform LengthBased on previous discussion, the following might be reasonably argued depending on the stacker model type: • Minimum platform length = 5.2 metres (only for Type 3 models

and would usually be a 5.7 metre unit length plus stacker doors)

• General platform length = 5.4 metres (Type 1 and 2 models)

NOTE: AVOID 5.0 METRE VEHICLE LENGTH STACKER UNITS (UNLESS IT’S ONLY A SMALL PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PARKING) WHERE POSSIBLE AS THIS DOES NOT PERMIT ACCESS FOR B99 VEHICLES


Platform Width• A distinction should be drawn between the width of

the stacker unit and the width of the stacker platform

• Platform width is the region the vehicle will be located and is trafficable by the vehicle

• The stacker unit width is the entire width, and the vehicle may not be located in this region(s) due to up/down (or left/right) operation, and is usually restricted by platform side rails


Platform Width • Conventional car parking spaces must meet the

minimum dimensional requirements of Table 2 and Diagram 1 to Clause 52.06

• Accordingly, the minimum space width should be 2.6 metre (assuming a 6.4 metre wide aisle is available) plus 300 clearance on any side in the region identified in Diagram 1

• Note that many stacker units do not provide Diagram 1 clearance requirements.


Platform Width What if the clearance requirement cannot be met? • If the clearance only impacts the rear doors, then access will need

to be to front doors only

• If clearance impacts the drivers door, then the widest model may be used with justification (note: the widest model is usually 2.7 metres)

• Notwithstanding the above, a vehicle turning simulation assessment should be performed using the correct design vehicle


Platform WidthWhat sort of justification can be used?

• The Australian Standards permit 2.4 metre wide spaces for resident/employes parking, with 300mm clearance to fixed objects (note: Clause 52.06 space sizes should be used in preference; however, this is often not possible due to maximum available stacker platform widths being limited to 2.7 metres)

• Assuming that access is only expected from the drivers side, then it may be possible to argue that 2.7 metres is sufficient (i.e. 2.4 metre space plus 300 mm clearance on one side)


Platform WidthBased on previous discussion, the following might be reasonably argued depending on the stacker model type:

• Minimum platform width = 2.6 metres (for majority of stacker units)

• Preferred platform width = 2.7 metres (where driver doors access is compromised by the lift structure or by handrails and note this would often result in a stacker unit width of 3.0m for single width units enclosed by walls)

• Always apply an extra 300mm clearance to any walls enclosing the stacker units

NOTE: DO NOT USE 2.3 METRE PLATFORM WIDTH STACKER UNITS


Accessway Width• The accessway width is the area required for vehicles to

manoeuvre to/from spaces and must meet minimum requirements of Table 2 to Clause 52.06 (i.e. a 6.4 metre aisle width is required for a 2.6m wide bay)

• The accessway width must exclude column entry splay setbacks (minimum 250mm x 100mm as per Diagram 1 of Clause 52.06)

• Structural columns associated Type 3 stacker units are usually located external of the pit; therefore, the minimum accessway width would usually be the width of the accessway (i.e. 6.4 metres for a 2.6 metre bay) plus the column setback (i.e. 250mm, for a total combined width of 6.65 metres)


Accessway WidthWhat can I do if my site is narrow? • Specific Type 1/2 models may be available as an extra wide platform

width (i.e. 3.5 metres for those marketed for use by persons for disabilities), and can sometimes be cutdown/modified to the required width (i.e. 3.2 metres if only a 4.8 metre aisle is available)

• Columns can also be located at the edge of the accessway if 100mm offset is provided from the bay width; however, this is may not be possible with Type 3 stackers, due to structural column width requirements and minimum spacing required between platforms

• Notwithstanding the above, a turning simulation assessment should be performed to confirm access to/from all stacker platforms


Accessway WidthBased on previous discussion, the following might be reasonably argued if the stacker model type is limited to 2.6/2.7 metres wide platforms: Note: the Below refers to the actual accessway width if 2.6/2.7 metres wide platforms available; however, does not include doors on stacker units (apply an additional length as required) and assumes that no columns compromise the width of the stacker unit. Apply a minimum 1.0 metre blind aisle as required. Always compare with specifications. • Minimum accessway width columns in pit = 6400mm (ensure columns are

setback 250mm or located 100mm clear of the platform on both sides)

• Minimum accessway width columns external of unit = 6650mm (measured from the columns)

NOTE: DO NOT USE A REDUCED AISLE WIDTH FOR ACCESS TO STACKER UNITS UNLESS A SUITABLE TURNING SIMULATION IS DEMONSTRATED


Questions?

If you have questions, please feel free to contact Andrew Zivanovic from Zav Traffic by telephone on 03 9853 6624 or by email on [email protected]


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The Design of Car Parking Spaces Presentation 5 ...zavtraffic.com.au/documents/Presentation 5 Mechanical Parking.pdf · The Design of Car Parking Spaces Presentation 5: Mechanical