The Depression and FDR - Your History Site American Journey/chap25.pdf · CHAPTER 25 The Depression and FDR 1929 1931 1933 1930 ... the section, re-create the ... The bubble of American

Depressionand FDR

1929ndash1941Why It Matters

The prosperous times of the 1920s had hidden problems These problems came out inthe open in 1929 when the nationrsquos economy crumbled The New Deal was President

Rooseveltrsquos way of dealing with the Depression

The Impact TodayThe New Deal actively involved the government in social and economic concerns and

created the Social Security system which still affects us all

The American Journey Video The chapter 25 video ldquoFear Itselfrdquoexamines the impact of FDR and his New Deal programs on the Great Depression

1929bull Stock market crashes

1932bull Unemployment

reaches 25 percent

1931bull Japan invades Manchuria

1933bull Hitler comes to power

in Germany

Hoover1929ndash1933

1934bull Indian

Reorganization Act Passed

CHAPTER 25 The Depression and FDR

1929 1931 1933

1930bull Droughts plague

Great Plains

1933bull Roosevelt proposes

New Deal

F Roosevelt1933ndash1945

40385292

1939bull Gone With the Wind

premieres

1935bull Italy invades

Ethiopia

1939bull Hitler invades

Poland WorldWar II begins

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 25mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

Work for the Unemployed Programs like the Works ProgressAdministration provided jobs during the Great Depression

1935 19391937

1936bull Spanish Civil War begins

bull German Jews lose right to vote

1935bull Social Security

Act Passed

Step 1 Fold a sheet of paper into thirds from topto bottom

Cause-Effect Study Foldable Make this foldableto help you organize what you learn about theGreat Depression and the New Deal

Reading and Writing As you read the chapteruse your foldable to record the causes and effectsof the Great Depression and the New Deal

Step 2 Open the paper and refold it into thirdsfrom side to side

Step 3 Unfold the paper and draw lines alongthe folds

Step 4 Label your table foldable as shown

This formsthree rows

Thisforms threecolumns

Fold itinto thirds

EVENT CAUSES EFFECTS

GreatDepression

NewDeal

1929Stock market crashes

1930sThe Great Depressionstrikes

1932Bonus Army marcheson Washington DC

Main IdeaThe Great Depression was a world-wide business and economic slumpthat lasted through the 1930s

Key Termsstock exchange on margin defaultrelief public works

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and explain how the GreatDepression affected each of thesegroups

Read to Learnbull what caused the stock market crashbull how the Great Depression plunged

many Americans into povertybull how Hoover reacted to the Great

Depression

Section ThemeEconomic Factors Many factors con-tributed to the economic crisis knownas the Great Depression

The GreatDepression

The bubble of American prosperity burst when the New York stock market collapsedin October 1929 Thousands of investors lost all their savings Wall Streetmdashthe nationrsquosfinancial centermdashwas in a state of shock Many Americans suddenly found themselvesout of work In 1932 the popular actor and humorist Will Rogers remarked ldquoWersquoll holdthe distinction of being the only nation in the history of the world that ever went to thepoorhouse in an automobilerdquo

The Stock MarketIn the booming economy of the 1920s confident business and government

leaders said the nation had entered a new era of prosperity for all The chairmanof General Motors advised people to invest money in the stock market everymonthmdashand many followed his advice ldquoGrocers motormen plumbers seam-stresses and waiters were in the marketrdquo reported writer Frederick LewisAllen The ldquomarket had become a national maniardquo

724 CHAPTER 25 The Depression and FDR

1928Herbert Hoover is elected president

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1928 1930 1932

Stock market crash headline

Effects of the Great Depression

industrial farmers home-workers owners

6394828

725CHAPTER 25 The Depression and FDR

Suddenly in October 1929 everythingchanged Almost overnight the value of stocksplunged Millionaires lost fortunes and thou-sands of less wealthy investors lost their sav-ings The United States was about to enter itsworst domestic crisis since the Civil War

The BoomA stock exchange is an organized system for

buying and selling shares or blocks of invest-ments in corporations In the late 1920s thevalue of stocks on the New York Stock Exchangeclimbed to dizzying heights reaching recordlevels in September 1929

Because many investors lacked the money to continue purchasing stock they bought onmargin This means they paid only a fraction ofthe stock price and borrowed the rest from theirbrokers Brokers in turn borrowed their moneyfrom banks As long as the value of stocks con-tinued to rise the buyer could sell later payback what had been borrowed and make aprofit If that value fell though investors andbrokers would not have enough cash to pay offthe loans

The CrashFearing that the boom market would end

some investors began selling their stocks in lateSeptember These sales made stock prices fallBrokers began to demand repayment of loansforcing investors who had bought on margin tosell their stock

Prices declined steadily until October 21 butmost financial experts thought the market wasexperiencing nothing more than a ldquoperiod ofreadjustmentrdquo Then for three straight daysstock prices plunged as investors sold millions ofshares each day Panicked traders sold almost 13million shares on October 24 a day that becameknown as ldquoBlack Thursdayrdquo

Following a few days of calm the decline andconfusion continued on Monday On TuesdayOctober 29 the crisis worsened By the end ofthe day more than 16 million shares hadchanged hands and stock prices had plum-meted Journalist Jonathan Norton Leonarddescribed the scene

ldquoThe selling pressure was coming fromeverywhere The wires to other cities werejammed with frantic orders to sell So were thecables radio and telephones to Europe and therest of the world Buyers were few sometimeswholly absentrdquo

The New York Stock Exchange closed for afew days to prevent more panic selling Shockspread across the country

Explaining What is buying stockldquoon marginrdquo

The Great DepressionDuring the next two years the United States

slid into a severe economic crisis called theGreat Depression The nationrsquos total economicoutput dropped 43 percent in three years from$104 billion in 1929 to $58 billion in 1932

Stock Prices 1920ndash1932

Source Standard amp Poorrsquos Security Price Index Record Prices based on combined average of 50 stocks

Stock prices rose dramatically in the mid-1920s causing a boom in the economy

Comparing During what years did thestock price average pass $200 per share

16979686

CHAPTER 25 The Depression and FDR726

While the stock market crash shook peoplersquosconfidence in the economy it did not cause theDepression Other factors working togethersent the economy into a long tailspin

An Unbalanced EconomyThe problems that led to the Great Depression

began to give out warning signals in the early1920s Farm income shrank throughout thedecade Industries also declined In the monthsbefore the stock market crash the automobileand construction industries suffered from lag-ging orders As a result employers cut wagesand laid off workers With their incomesslashed many Americans could no longer affordthe consumer goods that the nationrsquos industrieshad been churning out

Another factor that fueled the Depression wasthe growing gap in wealth between rich peopleand most Americans The prosperity of the1920s did not help all Americans equally In 1929less than 1 percent of the population ownednearly one-third of the countryrsquos wealth At thesame time about 75 percent of American fami-lies lived in poverty or on the very edge of it

Credit CrisisBorrowed money fueled much of the economy

in the 1920s Farmers bought land equipmentand supplies on credit Consumers used credit tobuy cars Investors borrowed to buy stocksMany small banks suffered when farmersdefaulted or failed to meet loan paymentsLarge banks which had bought stocks as aninvestment suffered huge losses in the stock

market crash These losses forced thousands ofbanks across the nation to close between 1930and 1933 millions of depositors lost their money

International DepressionWeaknesses in the American economy also

sapped the strength of foreign economies Euro-pean countries needed to borrow money fromAmerican banks and to sell goods to Americanconsumers in order to repay their World War Idebts to the United States During the late 1920sbank funds for loans dried up Internationaltrade slowed down because without Americanloans other nations had less money to spend

Joblessness and PovertyAs the Depression tightened its grip on the

United States millions lost their jobs In 1932 25percent of American workers were out of workThe unemployment rate remained near 20 per-cent throughout the decade Industrial cities werehardest hit Workers who managed to keep theirjobs worked only part-time or for reduced wages

The newly unemployed felt devastated NewYorker Sidney Lens who lost his job wroteabout developing

ldquoa feeling of worthlessnessmdashand loneliness I began to think of myself as a freak and misfitrdquo

Long lines of hungry people snaked throughthe streets of the nationrsquos cities They waited forhours to receive a slice of bread a cup of coffeeor a bowl of soup from soup kitchens run bylocal governments or charities

Forced to pay off debts for stocks that weresuddenly worthless Walter Thornton shownhere in October 1929 advertises his car forsale What was ldquoBlack Thursdayrdquo

History

17564886

Unemployed people tried to earn a few centsby shining shoes or selling apples on street cor-ners Those who had lost their homes built shel-ters out of old boxes and other debrissometimes grouped together in pitiful ldquoshanty-townsrdquo Some referred bitterly to the shanty-towns as Hoovervilles because of PresidentHooverrsquos failure to act Across the countryAmericans wondered why the president didnothing to end the suffering (See page 974 of the

Primary Sources Library for one account of life during the Depression)

Describing What percentage ofAmerican workers were out of work in 1932

Hoover and the CrisisPresident Hoover thought the economic cri-

sis was only temporary and that prosperity wasldquojust around the cornerrdquo He also believed thatthe ldquodepression cannot be cured by legislativeaction or executive pronouncementrdquo Instead

Hoover called on business leaders not to cutwages or production of goods and on charitiesto do their best for the needy Voluntary actionby private citizens and local governmentsHoover said would pull the nation throughtough times

Charities churches and volunteers workedheroically to provide reliefmdashaid for the needy So did state and local governments Some citieswithheld part of city workersrsquo wagesmdashalreadyreducedmdashto fund soup kitchens But the numberwho needed help was simply overwhelming

Government ActionEventually Hoover recognized that the federal

government had to take steps to combat theDepression In 1931 he authorized additional fed-eral spending on public worksmdashprojects such ashighways parks and librariesmdashto create newjobs State and local governments ran out ofmoney however and the combined spending byall three levels of government declined

CHAPTER 25 The Depression and FDR 727

Brother Can You Spare a Dime

ldquoBrother Can You Spare a Dimerdquo was a popular songin the 1930s during the Great Depression In those daysprices were so low that if you were lucky enough tohave a dime you could actually buy something with it

The Great Depression saw ldquoHoovervillesrdquosuch as this one in New York City andunemployed workers standing on streetcorners pleading for jobs

Listed here are Depression-eraprices for selected foods Read thelist to see how far that ldquodimerdquo fromyour ldquobrotherrdquo would go

Prices During 1932ndash1934Sirloin steak (per pound)

Chicken (per pound)

Bread (20-ounce loaf)

Potatoes (per pound)

Bananas (per pound)

Milk (per quart)

Cheese (per pound)

Tomatoes (16-ounce can)

Oranges (per dozen)

Cornflakes (8 ounces)

1046973

Checking for Understanding

1 Key Terms Write a conversationbetween two friends at the time ofthe Great Depression Include theseterms in your writing stockexchange on margin defaultrelief public works

2 Reviewing Facts What did theBonus Army want Where did it setup camp

Reviewing Themes

3 Economic Factors How did buyingstocks on margin contribute to thestock market crash

Critical Thinking

4 Drawing Conclusions Do you think President Hoover followed theproper course in his handling of theGreat Depression

5 Determining Cause and Effect Re-create the diagram below and iden-tify four major factors that led to theGreat Depression

Analyzing Visuals

6 Graph Skills Study the graph on page725 When did the average price ofstocks reach its peak During whatyears did the average drop below $100per share

Hoover tried a different measure in January1932 when he asked Congress to create theReconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)The RFC lent money to businesses It also pro-vided funds for state and local programs pro-viding relief However the RFCrsquos directors werereluctant to make risky loans and much of itsbudget remained unspent

The Bonus ArmyThe march on Washington by the Bonus

Army turned many Americans who werealready blaming Hoover for the Depressionfirmly against the president Congress had

agreed to give each veteran of World War I a$1000 bonus in 1945 Jobless veterans wantedthe bonuses right away In the summer of 1932they formed the Bonus Army and marched toWashington DC to demand their money Atits peak the Bonus Army included about 20000veterans Congress and the president turned theveterans down Most of the veterans left butabout 2000 joined by their families vowed toremain until the bonuses were paid When thepolice tried to disband the veteransrsquo camp con-flict broke out and two people were killed

Hoover responded by calling in the army Withtanks machine guns and cavalry troops led byArmy chief of staff General Douglas MacArthurand his aide Dwight D Eisenhower entered theprotestersrsquo camp Veterans and their families fledin terror as the troops burned their camp

Hoover announced that ldquoa challenge to theauthority of the United States government hasbeen metrdquo Many Americans were horrified thatthe government had attacked its own citizensparticularly war veterans Hoover seemed colddistant and out of touch with ordinary peopleMany people thought the time had come for achange in government

Explaining What did the Recon-struction Finance Corporation provide

Great Depression

Bonus Army set up its camp near the Capitol

Economics Using the food priceson page 727 make a grocery list ofwhat you could buy on a budget of$300 a week Make another list of which of the same items youcould buy today if you only had$300 a week

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

124444855

1934Securities and ExchangeCommission is created

Main IdeaPresident Franklin Roosevelt promisedto take action to get America out ofthe Great Depression

Key TermsHundred Days New Deal workrelief subsidy

Reading StrategyClassifying Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and identify each of the listeditems

Read to Learnbull how Roosevelt tried to restore the

confidence of the American peoplebull what programs were created in

FDRrsquos first 100 days

Section ThemeGovernment and Democracy NewDeal legislation affected banking thestock market industry agricultureand welfare

Rooseveltrsquos New Deal

What is it

The New DealTVACCCFDIC

1933Programs during the HundredDays improve the economy

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1932 1933 1934

Roosevelt inauguralbutton 1933

Washington DC was dark and dreary on March 4 1933 President Franklin DRoosevelt stood bareheaded in the chilly wind tightly gripping the sides of the readingstand in front of him His face was stern as he began his Inaugural Address ldquoThisnation asks for action and action nowrdquo he cried

As Roosevelt spoke his voice had an electric effect on the masses of people beforehim The crowd shouted back its approval To millions of despairing Americans Rooseveltrsquos voice was the symbol of hope It seemed that the gloom was starting to lift

Franklin D RooseveltWith the nationrsquos economy crumbling the Democrats believed they had a

good chance of winning the presidency Meeting in Chicago in June 1932 theDemocrats chose Governor Franklin D Roosevelt of New York as their can-didate Rooseveltmdashor FDR as he was calledmdashseemed to bring a freshapproach to politics

1932Franklin Roosevelt iselected president

7481477

When Roosevelt learned that he had beennominated he flew to Chicago to deliver thefirst acceptance speech ever made at a conven-tion He told the Democratsmdashand the nationmdashldquoIpledge you I pledge myself to a new deal forthe American peoplerdquo

As the Republicans and Democrats held theirconventions in 1932 the Depression grew worseThe Republicans met in Chicago and nominatedPresident Hoover for reelection With the coun-tryrsquos economy in trouble Hooverrsquos chances forwinning reelection looked poor

Early Years of PromiseFranklin D Roosevelt a distant cousin of for-

mer president Theodore Roosevelt came from awealthy family Ambitious and charming FDRdecided on a career in politics In 1905 he mar-ried Theodore Rooseveltrsquos niece Eleanor Roose-velt and she became a tireless partner in hispublic life

FDRrsquos political career began with his electionto the New York state senate in 1910 In 1913 hebecame assistant secretary of the navy and in1920 the Democrats chose him as their candidate

for vice president The Democrats lost the elec-tion to Warren G Harding but Franklin Roose-veltrsquos political future seemed bright

Then in 1921 polio struck Roosevelt paralyz-ing both his legs Yet FDRrsquos will remained strongldquoOnce I spent two years lying in bed trying tomove my big toerdquo he said later ldquoAfter that any-thing else seems easyrdquo

Return to PoliticsAfter a few years FDR decided to return to

politics He never publicly mentioned his para-lyzed legs and he asked journalists not to photo-graph his leg braces or wheelchair Electedgovernor of New York in 1928 and reelected in1930 Roosevelt earned a national reputation as areformer He drew on the advice of a group ofprogressive lawyers economists and socialworkersmdashknown as the Brain Trustmdashto developrelief programs for the state When he decided torun for president he counted on the Brain Trustto help him guide the nation to recovery

President Roosevelt explained his policies directly to the people in his ldquofireside chatsrdquo over the radio What effect didRooseveltrsquos radio talks have on the American people

History

Franklin Roosevelt who was paralyzed bypolio as a young man is shown with Ruth Biethe daughter of the caretaker at FDRrsquos estate

12820628

During the 1932 campaign Roosevelt declaredthat ldquothe country needs and demands boldpersistent experimentationrdquo He also spoke oftrying to help ldquothe forgotten man at the bottom ofthe economic pyramidrdquo

Identifying Who were the Republi-can and Democratic candidates for president in 1932

FDR Takes ChargeThe American people were charmed by Roose-

veltrsquos confidence and his promise of action OnNovember 8 they went to the polls and electedRoosevelt in a landslide He captured all but sixstates and received 472 of the 531 electoral votesDemocrats won important victories in Congressalso People clearly wanted a change

In the months before Roosevelt took officethe economy worsened Protests in some citieserupted into violence Meanwhile the bankingsystem was collapsing As more people rushed

to withdraw their deposits more and morebanks went out of business People becamedesperately afraid

At his inauguration on March 4 1933 Roose-velt told the nation that ldquothe only thing we haveto fear is fear itselfmdashnameless unreasoningunjustified terrorrdquo He reassured people andpointed out that the ldquogreatest primary task is toput people to workrdquo He also promised immedi-ate action on the banking crisis

Restoring Confidence in BanksTwo days after the inauguration Roosevelt

ordered all banks closed for four days He alsocalled Congress to a special session at which hepresented the administrationrsquos plan for handlingthe banking problem About seven hours laterCongress had passed and Roosevelt had signedthe Emergency Banking Relief Act The act pro-posed a wide range of presidential powers overbanking and set up a system by which bankswould open again or be reorganized By mid-March half of the nationrsquos banks had reopened

Flood victims stand in line waiting for food and clothing They are a sharpcontrast to the happy family on the billboard

12225068

At the end of his first week in office FDR assuredAmericans in a radio broadcast ldquothat it is safer tokeep your money in a reopened bank than underthe mattressrdquo The next day deposits far exceededwithdrawals The banking crisis had ended

The presidentrsquos radio talk was the first ofmany He called these informal talks firesidechats because he sat next to a fireplace in theWhite House as he spoke These fireside chatshelped FDR gain the publicrsquos confidence

The Hundred DaysAfter solving the banking crisis President

Roosevelt quickly tackled other areas of nationalconcern He sent Congress a stack of proposals

The New Deal

Civilian Conservation Corps CCC 1933 Provided jobs for young men to plant trees and build bridges

Tennessee Valley Authority TVA 1933 Built dams to provide cheap electric power to seven Southernstates set up schools and health centers

Federal Emergency Relief FERA 1933 Gave relief to unemployed and needyAdministration

Agricultural Adjustment AAA 1933 Paid farmers not to grow certain cropsAdministration

National Recovery Administration NRA 1933 Helped set standards for production prices and wages

Public Works Administration PWA 1933 Built ports schools and aircraft carriers

Federal Deposit Insurance FDIC 1933 Insured savings accounts in banks approved by theCorporation government

First New Deal Program

Second New Deal Program

Initials Begun Purpose

Rural Electrification Administration REA 1935 Loaned money to extend electricity to rural areas

Works Progress Administration WPA 1935 Employed men and women to build hospitals schools parksand airports employed artists writers and musicians

Social Security Act SSA 1935 Set up a system of pensions for the elderlyunemployed and people with disabilities

Farm Security Administration FSA 1937 Lent money to sharecroppers set upcamps for migrant workers

Fair Labor Standards Act FLSA 1938 Established minimum wages andmaximum hours for all businessesengaged in interstate commerce

Under the Roosevelt New Deal during the 1930s the federal governmentassumed responsibility for the welfare of many citizens

Analyzing Information Why did setting up the FDIC help all Americans

for new programs to deal with the nationrsquos eco-nomic problems In all Roosevelt sent 15 pro-posals to Congress and Congress approvedevery one of them

Lasting about three months the special ses-sion of Congress that Roosevelt called to launchhis programs came to be called the HundredDays It was an amazingly productive timeOptimism swept through the capital JournalistThomas Stokes recalled ldquoThe gloom the tense-ness the fear of the closing months of theHoover administration had vanishedrdquo

Identifying What law set up a planto reorganize the nationrsquos banks

7627756

The New Deal Takes ShapeThe new laws that Congress passed during

the Hundred Daysmdashand in the months andyears that followedmdashcame to be called the NewDeal New Deal laws and regulations affectedbanking the stock market industry agriculturepublic works relief for the poor and conserva-tion of resources These laws changed the face ofAmerica dramatically

Frances Perkins Rooseveltrsquos secretary oflabor later recalled those early exciting days ofthe New Deal

ldquoIn March 1933 the New Deal was not aplan It was a happy phrase [FDR] hadcoined during the campaign It made peoplefeel better and in that terrible period of depres-sion they needed to feel betterrdquo

EconomicsJobs and Relief

Roosevelt gave high priority to creating jobsHe planned to help the unemployed with workrelief programs giving needy people govern-ment jobs During his first month in office FDRasked Congress to create the Civilian Conserva-tion Corps (CCC) Over the next 10 years theCCC employed about 3 million young men towork on projects that benefited the publicplanting trees to reforest areas building leveesfor flood control and improving national parks

Roosevelt made aid to the poor and sufferinganother priority FDR established the FederalEmergency Relief Administration (FERA) togive money to the states for use in helping peo-ple in need Roosevelt appointed Harry Hop-kins a New York social worker to lead theFERA Hopkins became one of FDRrsquos closestadvisers and got involved in several other NewDeal programs

Roosevelt did not forget agriculture On May12 Congress passed the Agricultural Adjust-ment Act (AAA) The act had two goals toraise farm prices quickly and to control pro-duction so that farm prices would stay up overthe long term

In the AAArsquos first year though the supply offood outstripped demand The AAA could raiseprices only by paying farmers to destroy cropsmilk and livestock To many it seemed shockingto throw food away when millions of peoplewent hungry The New Dealers claimed theaction was necessary to bring prices up

To control production and farm prices theAAA paid farmers to leave some of their landuncultivated If market prices of key farm prod-ucts such as wheat and cotton fell below a cer-tain level the AAA would pay farmerssubsidiesmdashgrants of moneymdashto make up thedifference In the first three years of the NewDeal farmersrsquo incomes rose by about 50 percentThe Supreme Court ruled that the AAA wasunconstitutional in United States v Butler (1936)for invading the reserved powers of the states

Rebuilding a RegionOne of the boldest programs launched during

the Hundred Days was the Tennessee ValleyAuthority (TVA) The TVA aimed to control flood-ing promote conservation and development andbring electricity to rural areas along the TennesseeRiver By building new dams and improving oth-ers the TVA ended the regionrsquos disastrous floodsAnd with hydroelectric powergenerating affordable electricitythousands of farms and homes insome Southern states were wiredfor electricity for the first time

Some critics charged thatfunds for the TVA should be usedto support programs nation-wide Power companiesalso attacked the programas unfair and communis-tic When the spring rainscame in 1937 however thesystem workedmdashthe damsprevented the TennesseeRiver from flooding Inthe end most observersagreed that the TVAwas an example ofsuccessful social andeconomic planning

Driller Fort LoudonDamTennessee

2233531

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write sentences about

the New Deal use these vocabularyterms Hundred Days work reliefsubsidy

2 Reviewing Facts For what regiondid the Tennessee Valley Authorityprovide electricity

Reviewing Themes3 Government and Democracy

Describe the actions that Roosevelttook to restore confidence in banksand in the stock exchange

Critical Thinking4 Comparing Compare Hooverrsquos and

Rooseveltrsquos programs to combat theDepression

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and list threeNew Deal programs that Rooseveltestablished to create jobs or aid society as a whole

Analyzing Visuals6 Chart Skills Examine the table on

Which programs were setup primarily to help farmers andrural areas What was the purpose of the TVA

Helping Business and LaborOn the last day of the Hundred Days Congress

passed the National Industrial Recovery Act(NIRA) which Roosevelt called ldquothe most impor-tant and far-reaching legislationrdquo ever passed inthe United States The NIRA aimed to boost theeconomy by helping business regulate itself

The NIRA crea ted the National RecoveryAdministration (NRA)which encouraged busi-nesses to set a minimumwage and abolish childlabor In addition theNRA tried to set upcodes governing pricingand other practices forevery industry HughJohnson a former generalnamed to head the NRA launched a campaignto promote the agency Before long the agencyrsquosblue eagle symbol and sloganmdashldquoWe Do OurPartrdquomdashappeared everywhere

Another program that the NIRA launched wasthe Public Works Administration (PWA) Its goalwas to stimulate the economy through the build-ing of huge public works projects that neededlarge numbers of workers The agency employedpeople to work on the construction of roads ship-yards hospitals city halls and schools Many

PWA projectsmdashsuch as New York Cityrsquos LincolnTunnel and Kentuckyrsquos Fort Knoxmdashstill stand ThePWA spent its funds slowly though and did nothave much immediate impact on unemployment

To avoid future banking crises Rooseveltcalled for reform of the nationrsquos financial systemCongress established the Federal Deposit Insur-ance Corporation (FDIC) to insure bank depositsThe government guaranteed that money placedin a bank insured by the FDIC would not be lostif the bank failed

Congress also passed a law regulating the saleof stocks and bonds and created the Securitiesand Exchange Commission (SEC) This 1934law gave the SEC the power to punish dishoneststockbrokers and speculators

Assessing the Early New DealThe New Deal did not cure the nationrsquos ills

The Depression dragged on bringing continuedhardship Farmers continued to lose their landUnemployment remained at high levels Manypeople still struggled to survive and to makeends meet

Yet the darkest days had passed The panic of1932 and 1933 had receded and the flurry ofactivity from the nationrsquos capital had restoredsome measure of confidence

Describing What were the goals of the Agricultural Adjustment Act

Government Create a table thatlists the positive and negativeaspects of the New Deal farm program Summarize in a briefparagraph what conclusions youcan draw from your table

New Deal programs

The Blue Eagle symbol of the NRA

16201161

1932Hattie Caraway is electedfirst woman senator

1934Indian Reorganization Act is passed

Main IdeaThe Depression was a difficult timefor Americans because many facedunemployment and the loss of landand other property

Key TermsDust Bowl migrant worker

Reading StrategyClassifying Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and describe how differentgroups of people coped with difficulttimes

Read to Learnbull how the Depression affected

minority groupsbull what radical political movements

gained influence

Section ThemeEconomic Factors The Depressionmade life difficult for all Americansand many migrated to other regionshoping for a better life

Life During the Depression

ldquoThey hung around street corners and in groups They felt despised they wereashamed of themselves They cringed they comforted one another They avoidedhomerdquo With these words a social worker described unemployed Pennsylvania coalminers Their pain was echoed across America by countless men women and childrenwhose hopes were being crushed by the Depression

Hard Times in AmericaNot every worker lost a job during the Depression Not every family needed

aid Most Americans however had to make do with less less income less foodand less security

Some families survived the Depression by pulling together Parents and chil-dren shared homes with grandparents or other relatives to save moneyAlthough the birthrate had decreased school enrollment actually increasedbecause fewer young people could find work they remained in school

1939Gone With the Windfilm is released

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

Hispanic Great Plains AfricanAmericans farmers Americans

672919

African AmericanCharles Drew was bornand raised in the segre-gated city of WashingtonDC and refused to letracial prejudice stop himHis early interests werein education particularlyin medicine but he wasalso an outstanding ath-lete He starred at DunbarHigh School in footballbaseball basketball andtrack and field

He graduated fromAmherst College in Mass-achusetts and earned his medical degree atCanadarsquos McGill Univer-sity In the 1930s Drewconducted pioneeringresearch on blood plasmaand he created the modelfor blood and plasma stor-age that is used by theRed Cross today Whenthe United States enteredWorld War II Drew was

in charge of the militaryrsquosblood plasma program

Drewrsquos researchchanged transfusionmethods so that storedplasma could be given to soldiers wounded onthe battlefieldmdasha med-ical advance that savedmany lives Drew laterresigned to protest themilitaryrsquos decision tomaintain racially segre-gated blood banks

The strain shattered other families howeverNearly two million menmdashand a much smallernumber of womenmdashabandoned their homesThey took to the road drifting to warm placessuch as Florida and California

Women Go to WorkMany people thought that women should

not hold jobs as long as men were unemployedDespite such prejudices desperation drove alarge number of women into the workforceMany families survived on a womanrsquosincomemdasheven though American womenearned less than men

Women also worked harder at home to makeends meet Instead of buying clothes or gro-ceries they sewed their own clothing bakedtheir own bread and canned their own vegeta-bles Some women started home businessessuch as laundries or boardinghouses

The New Deal era opened doors for womenin public life President Roosevelt appointed thefirst woman ever to serve in the cabinet FrancesPerkins He also named more than 100 otherwomen to federal posts OnemdashEllen Sullivan

Woodwardmdashstarted a program to give jobs towomen In 1932 Hattie Caraway of Arkansasbecame the first woman to be elected to theUnited States Senate

The best-known woman in American publiclife was Eleanor Roosevelt who often acted asher husbandrsquos ldquoeyes and earsrdquo She made manyfact-finding trips for the president because poliohad limited his mobility Mrs Roosevelt cam-paigned vigorously for women and minoritiesand other humanitarian concerns She wrote adaily newspaper column and used her bound-less energy to meet people all over the country

Identifying Who was the firstwoman to serve in a presidentrsquos cabinet How many otherwomen were appointed to federal posts at this time

The Dust BowlTo make matters worse the southern Great

Plains suffered an environmental disaster dur-ing the 1930s Hardest hit were western Kansasand Oklahoma northern Texas and eastern Col-orado and New Mexicomdashthe region dubbed theDust Bowl

121362564

GeographyWhat Caused the Dust Bowl

Using new technology such as tractorsand disc plows farmers had cleared mil-lions of acres of sod for wheat farming Theydid not realize that the roots of the grass hadheld the soil in place When a severedrought struck in 1931 crops died and thesoil dried out Strong prairie winds simplyblew the soil away

Each storm stripped away more soil Onestorm in 1934 carried about 300 million tons ofsoil depositing some of it on ships 300 milesout in the Atlantic Ocean The droughtmdashandthe stormsmdashcontinued for years

People called the storms ldquoblack bliz-zardsrdquo A Texas boy wrote

ldquoThese storms were like rolling black smokeWe had to keep the lights on all day We wentto school with headlights on and with dustmasks onrdquo

Thousands of Dust Bowl farmers went bank-rupt and had to give up their farms About400000 farmers migrated to California andbecame migrant workers moving from place toplace to harvest fruits and vegetables So manycame from Oklahoma that people called themldquoOkiesrdquo One observer described their arrival

ldquoThey came in decrepit [broken-down]square-shouldered [cars] that looked likerelics of some antique culture piled highwith mattresses and cooking utensils and chil-dren with suitcases jugs and sacks strapped tothe running boardsrdquo

Explaining Where did many families move to escape the Dust Bowl

The Plight of MinoritiesThe Depression fell especially hard on the

minority groups who were already on the lowerrungs of the American economic ladder Thesegroups included African Americans NativeAmericans and Hispanic Americans

African AmericansIn the South more than half of the African

American population had no jobs African Amer-icans who lived and worked in Southern citiesfound their jobs taken by white people who hadlost theirs The collapse of farm prices crushedAfrican American farmers

Seeking more opportunity about 400000African American men women and childrenmigrated to Northern cities during the decade ofthe 1930s These migrants did not fare much bet-ter there however The jobless rate for AfricanAmericans remained high

African Americans did make some politicalgains during the Depression President Roose-velt appointed a number of African Americansto federal posts He had a group of advisersknown as the Black Cabinet that includedRobert Weaver a college professor and RalphBunche who worked for the State DepartmentMary McLeod Bethune who establishedBethune-Cookman College in Florida alsoserved as an adviser

African Americans continued to fight againstprejudice In 1939 opera singer Marian Ander-son was denied permission to sing in Constitu-tion Hall because she was black Mrs Roosevelthelped arrange for Anderson to give a historicconcert at the Lincoln Memorial

Dorothea Lange photographed a homeless Oklahomafamily during Dust Bowl days

18285936

Native AmericansThe 1930s did bring some benefits to Native

Americans The new head of the Bureau ofIndian Affairs John Collier introduced a set ofreforms known as the Indian New Deal

Collier halted the sale of reservation land gotjobs for 77000 Native Americans in the CivilianConservation Corps and obtained Public WorksAdministration funds to build new reservationschools Most important he pushed Congress topass the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934This law restored traditional tribal governmentand provided money for land purchases toenlarge some reservations

Hispanic AmericansAt the beginning of the 1930s about two

million people of Hispanic descent lived in theUnited States mostly in California and theSouthwest Many had emigrated from MexicoThey worked as farmers migrant workers andlaborers As the Great Depression deepenedresentment against Mexican Americans grewMany lost their jobs Politicians and laborunions demanded that Mexican Americans beforced to leave the United States

The government encouraged Mexican immi-grants to return to Mexico Authorities gavethem one-way train tickets to Mexico or simplyrounded them up and shipped them southacross the border More than 500000 MexicanAmericans left the United States during the earlyyears of the Depression often involuntarily

Explaining What was the purposeof the Indian Reorganization Act

Radical Political MovementsHard times helped radical political groups

gain ground in the United States during the1930s Radical groups advocate extreme andimmediate change Socialists and Communistsviewed the Depression not as a temporary eco-nomic problem but as the death of a failed sys-tem They proposed sweeping changes

Communism attracted workers minority-rights activists and intellectuals with promisesto end economic and racial injustice Althoughboth socialism and communism had significantinfluence neither became a major political forcein the United States

Thrills and ChillsYoung people flocked to the movies to see cartoons and monsters

EscapeRadio programs comics like LittleOrphan Annie (right) and new novelty games provided an escape from the harsh reality of the Great Depression

Teen Entertainment

For a teenager in the 1930s a dime wouldbuy a round trip fare on a streetcar

or two apples from a corner vendor or a malt at thedrugstore fountain or an afternoon at the movies

13301286

Another political development that caughtthe attention of many Americans was the rise offascists in Germany and Italy Fascism is a polit-ical philosophy that holds the individual sec-ond to the nation and advocates government bydictatorship In 1936 the Spanish Civil Warbegan Germany and Italy supported fascistswho were trying to take over the Spanish gov-ernment Although the United States remainedneutral more than 3000 Americans went toSpain to fight the fascists

Explaining What is fascism

Entertainment and the ArtsThe Depression produced two separate

trends in entertainment and the arts One wasescapismmdashlight or romantic entertainment thathelped people forget about their problems Theother was social criticismmdashportraits of the injus-tice and suffering of Depression America

Radio became enormously popular during the1930s Daytime dramas sponsored by laundrydetergents earned the nickname ldquosoap operasrdquoAdventure programs such as Dick Tracy The LoneRanger and Superman had millions of listeners asdid variety shows featuring comedians GeorgeBurns Gracie Allen and Jack Benny

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Define Dust Bowl and

migrant worker2 Reviewing Facts Describe three of

the benefits that Native Americansreceived from the Indian New Dealincluding the Indian ReorganizationAct

Reviewing Themes3 Economic Factors Why did many

African Americans migrate from theSouth to the North during the 1930s

Critical Thinking4 Determining Cause and Effect Why

did radical political movements gainpopularity during the 1930s

5 Classifying Information Re-createthe diagram below and list theaccomplishments of three individualsdiscussed in Section 3

Analyzing Visuals6 Picturing History Look at the pho-

tograph by Dorothea Lange on page737 Write a paragraph in which you describe why the family is leaving its home and where they are going

Descriptive Writing Think of amodern story idea that would beconsidered social criticism Usingthe outline of the story write ashort scene in which the characterspoint out a flaw in their society

Individual Accomplishments

At the MoviesEvery week about 85 million people went to

movie theaters usually to escape their cares andworries Some movies did explore serious topicsFor example The Grapes of Wrath (1940) was ascreen version of John Steinbeckrsquos powerfulnovel about farm families fleeing the Dust BowlThe 1939 film of Margaret Mitchellrsquos novel GoneWith the Wind set in the Civil War era also por-trayed people coping with hard times

Images of the TimesMany writers and painters portrayed the

grim realities of Depression life RichardWrightrsquos novel Native Son told the story of anAfrican American man growing up in ChicagoWriter James Agee and photographer WalkerEvans depicted poor Southern farm families inLet Us Now Praise Famous Men

Photographer Margaret Bourke-White alsorecorded the plight of American farmers andDorothea Lange took gripping photographs of migrant workers Painters such as GrantWood and Thomas Hart Benton showed ordi-nary people confronting the hardships ofDepression life

Analyzing Would you considerGone With the Wind social criticism or escapism Explain

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N O R T H D A K O T A

S O U T H D A K O T A

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

ampGEOGRAPHY HISTORY

This desperate mother soldthe tires from her car tobuy food for her children

1930 1935 1940

Annual Rainfall Dodge City Kansas

Average yearly rainfall 215

Population change 1930ndash1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

Percent change by state

After years of drought many families abandoned their farms and headed west

1 Which states suffered the most severe damage

2 What states grew by more than 20 percent inpopulation during 1930s Why do you thinkthese states experienced the greatest growth

DUST BOWLDURING THE 1930s dust storms ravaged the GreatPlains This area was labeled the ldquoDust Bowlrdquo Duststorms dubbed ldquodustersrdquo or ldquoblack blizzardsrdquo sweptacross the region darkening the sky and buryingfences fields and even houses and barns

LIVING ON THE PLAINS

Settlers had flocked to the plains and plowed up thegrasses to plant wheat and other crops Repeated deepplowing destroyed the protective root layer of the toughgrasses and sod that held moisture and anchored the soil

DARK CLOUDS

In the early 1930s a severe drought struck the regionand the wind began to blow the fine-grained soil awayThe drought lasted for years and caused many duststorms Sometimes the storms lasted for weeks Highwinds blew topsoil all the way to the Atlantic OceanDesperate farmers watched their crops shrivel and blow away

HEADING WEST

Many families lost their jobs and their farms Theyfinally crammed their belongings into their old jalopiesand headed west During the 1930s half a millionmigrants traveled west searching for jobs The migrantsmany of them living out of their cars would travel fromfarm to farm hoping to find work picking fruit vegeta-bles or cotton

RELIEF

New Deal programs finally brought relief to victims of the Dust Bowl In addition to helping migrants thefederal government taught farmers in the Dust Bowl new conservation measures to preserve their land Rains

eventually fell but true prosperity did not returnto America until factories geared up productionfor World War II

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

These Dust Bowl refugeeswere stranded on the high-way when their truck brokedown in New Mexico

Dust storm in Hugoton Kansas

L E A R N I N G f r o m G E O G R A P H Y

11368296

Main IdeaAs the Great Depression continuedand the administration became thetarget of increasing criticism Rooseveltlaunched the Second New Deal

Key Termspension Second New Deal SocialSecurity Act unemployment insur-ance

Reading StrategyClassifying Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and describe the aims of theprograms and laws listed

Read to Learnbull why people criticized Roosevelt and

the New Dealbull how the Second New Deal created

new economic and social roles forgovernment

Section ThemeGovernment and DemocracyRoosevelt continued to launch newprograms to improve the economy

Effects of theNew Deal

Program AimsWorks ProgressAdministration

Social Security Act

Fair Labor Standards Act

1935FDR launches theSecond New Deal

1936FDR wins reelection

1937Sit-down strike occursin Flint Michigan

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

Support for Franklin D Rooseveltrsquos efforts to end the Great Depression was far fromunanimous Many wealthy and conservative people attacked the presidentrsquos ldquoradicalrdquopolicies A political cartoon of the 1930s showed a boy writing the word ROOSEVELT onthe sidewalk in front of his rich familyrsquos house His sister calls out ldquoMother Wilfredwrote a bad wordrdquo

New Deal OpponentsIn the early days of his presidency FDR counted on big business to support

his efforts to revive the economy The National Recovery Administration forexample invited participation from the business community In general how-ever the business world opposed the New Deal

Business leaders accused Roosevelt of spending too much government moneyand of trying to destroy free enterprise In 1934 some of these conservative crit-ics formed the Liberty League to ldquodefend and uphold the Constitutionrdquo TheLeague wanted government to let business alone and play a less active role in

749715

the economy Although the Liberty League didnot win widespread support its existence con-vinced FDR that big business was against him

Demanding More ReformAt the same time Roosevelt drew fire from

liberal critics They wanted a more active gov-ernment Three men gained wide popularitywith schemes to help the average American

One of Rooseveltrsquos critics was Father CharlesCoughlin a Detroit priest who reached millionsof listeners through his weekly radio programCoughlin once a Roosevelt supporter attackedFDR for not dealing firmly enough with big busi-ness calling him ldquoFranklin Double-CrossingRooseveltrdquo Coughlin used his radio show toattack bankers Jews Communists and laborunions as well as the New Deal In time Cough-lin lost support because of his extreme views

Francis Townsend a California doctor roseto fame with his plan for a monthly pension orpayment for older people Older workers whoquit their jobs making them available toyounger people would receive a pensionTownsendrsquos plan received little support fromCongress It did however force many Ameri-cans to think about the plight of the elderly poorand the needs of retired people

Of greatest concern to Roosevelt howeverwas Senator Huey Long of Louisiana When hewas governor of Louisiana Long had won widesupport with public works projects and attackson big businesses

In 1932 Long supported FDR but within ayear the two men had split One of Longrsquos majorcomplaints against the president was that hehad not taken steps to redistribute wealth in theUnited States By 1934 Long had developed hisown plan for doing so His ldquoShare Our WealthPlanrdquo called for taxing the rich heavily thenusing that money to give every American ahome and $2500 a year As his appeal spreadLong became a threat to Roosevelt Polls indi-cated that in 1936 he might receive as many asfour million votes on a third-party ticket But in1935 he was assassinated

Describing What group wasTownsendrsquos pension plan designed to help

Economics

The Second New DealBy the mid-1930s the economy had improved

slightly but the Depression was far from overFDR took bolder steps

FDRrsquos critics Huey Long (left)and Father Coughlin (right)

14962836

To bring in more government funds Roose-velt pushed Congress to pass the Revenue Actof 1935 The act raised taxes on wealthy peopleand corporations Critics accused him of ldquosoak-ing the richrdquo to pay for his programs but manyAmericans cheered

In 1935 President Roosevelt launched a newset of programs and reforms often called theSecond New Deal The laws passed at this timechanged American life even more than the Hun-dred Days had done

Creating JobsMillions of peoplemdash20 percent of the work-

forcemdashwere still unemployed in 1935 In AprilCongress created the Works Progress Adminis-tration (WPA) to give people jobs and help thecountry Led by Harry Hopkins the WPA keptabout two million people employed between1935 and 1941 WPA workers built or repairedabout 800 airports 125000 public buildings75000 bridges and 650000 miles of roads

The WPA also found work for unemployedwriters artists and musicians WPA paintersdecorated the new public buildings withmurals Writers and photographers documentedlife throughout America The writers producedLife in America 150 volumes that recorded folk-tales and songs African American narrativesand Native American traditions

Help for Those in NeedBefore the Second New

Deal America was theonly advanced industrialnation without a nationalgovernment program tohelp the needy In August1935 Congress passed theSocial Security Act

The Social Security Act created a tax onworkers and employers That money providedmonthly pensions for retired people Anothertax on employers alone funded unemploy-ment insurance payments to people who losttheir jobs In addition Social Security helpedpeople with disabilities the elderly poor andchildren of parents who could not support them

With the Social Security Act the federal gov-ernment took responsibility for the welfare ofall citizens It launched the American welfaresystem

Explaining How did the govern-ment raise money for Social Security

The Labor MovementLabor unions grew stronger as workers battled

the Depression In 1937 workers at the GeneralMotors plant in Flint Michigan used a new

techniquemdashthe sit-down strikeStrikers continuously occupiedthe plant and refused to workuntil management agreed tonegotiate with them about theirdemands For 44 days families

HISTORY

Student Web ActivityVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 25mdashStudent Web Activitiesfor an activity about livingduring the Great Depres-sion

The glass sign was hand-painted by amember of the United Mine WorkersUnion How did workers benefit fromthe New Deal

History

1604441

and friends of the Flint strikersbrought them food Finally thestrikers won the right to organizetheir union

The most influential labor leaderduring the 1930s was John LLewis head of the United MineWorkers To increase laborrsquospower Lewis strived to uniteworkers in every industry in a single unionMost unions in the American Federation ofLabor (AFL) represented only skilled workersLewis called for industrial unions to includeunskilled workersmdashthe largest group in thelabor force

In 1935 Lewis formed a new union called theCongress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)which helped create industrial unions By 1938the CIO had four million members includinglarge numbers of women and African Americans

Unions found support in the New Deal The1935 National Labor Relations Actmdashalso calledthe Wagner Act after its sponsor Senator RobertWagner of New Yorkmdashguaranteed workers theright to form unions to bargain collectively withemployers The act also created the NationalLabor Relations Board to enforce its provisionsIn 1938 Congress passed the Fair Labor Stan-dards Act (FLSA) which banned child labor andset a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour TheFLSA and the Wagner Act form the basis ofAmerican labor rights today

Comparing How did the CIO differfrom the AFL

The Supreme CourtThose who opposed the New Deal challenged

many of its laws in the courts claiming that theywere unconstitutional Several important casesreached the Supreme Court

In May 1935 the Supreme Court ruled that theNational Industrial Recovery Act was unconsti-tutional In the opinion of the Court Congresshad exceeded its lawful power to regulate inter-state commerce In January 1936 the SupremeCourt struck down the Agricultural AdjustmentAct Cases were also pending against the WagnerAct the Social Security Act and the TennesseeValley Authority It seemed as though theSupreme Court might destroy the New Deal

A Second TermThe presidential campaign of 1936 was based

on a single issue Did the American people sup-port FDR and the New Deal

To run against Roosevelt the Republicansnominated Alfred M Landon governor ofKansas Landon attracted dissatisfied Demo-crats as well as Republicans FDR campaigned

Packing the Court This cartoon uses farmimages to suggest New Deal programs Theeagle was a familiar symbol of the NationalRecovery Administration The plant suggests theAgricultural Adjustment Act and the water bar-rel suggests the Tennessee Valley AuthorityWhat group does the donkey symbolize

Analyzing Political Cartoons

15370386

the Second New Deal use thesevocabulary terms pension SocialSecurity Act unemployment insurance

2 Reviewing Facts Summarize theeconomic plan of Huey Long

Reviewing Themes3 Government and Democracy What

was the aim of Social Security andexactly whom did it help

Critical Thinking4 Making Generalizations Why did

many business leaders opposeRooseveltrsquos New Deal

5 Determining Cause and Effect Whydid Roosevelt propose to change thenumber of justices on the SupremeCourt Re-create the diagram belowand list one cause and two effects ofFDRrsquos proposal

Analyzing Visuals6 Political Cartoons Review the car-

toon ldquoPacking the Courtrdquo on page745 Does the cartoon show supportfor or opposition to the plan Howcan you tell

as the champion of the average American Hedenounced big business and the rich who ldquoareunanimous in their hate for memdashand I wel-come their hatredrdquo

On Election Day FDR received 61 percent of the popular vote the biggest landslide in anAmerican presidential election to that timeRooseveltrsquos support came from progressives andliberals the poor and unemployed urban work-ers and African Americans These groupswould form the core of the Democratic Party fordecades to come

Rooseveltrsquos ldquoCourt-Packingrdquo PlanSoon after his reelection FDR took action to

prevent the Supreme Court from undoing theNew Deal He asked Congress to increase thenumber of justices on the Court from 9 to 15saying that the 9 justices were overworked andneeded additional help FDR would appoint the6 new justicesmdashselecting of course justices whowould uphold the New Deal

The proposal aroused bitter opposition Crit-ics accused the president of trying to ldquopackrdquo theCourt and ruin the system of checks and bal-ances set up in the Constitution The issue diedwhen the Court ruled in favor of the Wagner Actand the Social Security Act The New Deal wasno longer in serious danger from the Court The

unpopularity of the court-packing plan how-ever cost Roosevelt a great deal of support andtriggered a split in the Democratic Party

The Roosevelt RecessionBy the summer of 1937 the national income

had nearly returned to its 1929 level Believingthat the Depression was finally over Roosevelttried to reduce the governmentrsquos debt by cuttingspending on relief and job programs

The economy faltered immediately Farmprices dropped Four million people lost theirjobs Times nearly as hard as 1932ndash1933returned The new economic downturn knownto some as the Roosevelt Recession lasted into1938 Roosevelt helped to reverse it with a floodof government spending on public works

The End of the New DealThe court-packing fight and the Roosevelt

Recession cost FDR support in Congress Theeconomy had not fully recovered in spite of thewide-ranging New Deal programs As the 1930sdrew to a close however world events causedAmericans to turn their attention from domesticto foreign affairs Dangerous forces were on therise in Asia and Europe

Explaining Why was Rooseveltrsquosplan to change the Supreme Court criticized

Government Research the effectof the New Deal in your commu-nity Find out if the federal govern-ment in the 1930s supported anylocal projects in conservation construction or the arts

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

CHAPTER XX Chapter Title

Analyzing News MediaWhy Learn This Skill

Every citizen needs to be aware of current issuesand events to make good decisions when exercisingcitizenship rights

Learning the SkillTo get an accurate profile of current events you

must learn to think critically about the news Thesteps below will help you think critically

bull First think about the source of the news storyReports that reveal sources are more reliablethan those that do not If you know the sourcesyou can evaluate them Can all facts be verified

bull Many news stories also interpret events Suchanalyses may reflect a reporterrsquos biases Look forbiases as you read or listen to news stories

bull Ask yourself whether the news is even-handedand thorough Is it reported on the scene or secondhand Does it represent both sides of anissue The more sources cited for a fact themore reliable it usually is

Practicing the SkillOn this page is an excerpt from the New YorkTimes newspaper of February 6 1937 Read theexcerpt then answer the following questions

1 What point is the article trying to make

2 Is the article reporting something on the sceneor secondhand

3 Does the article reflect bias or strong opinionabout the news item

4 Is only one side of the issue presented Explain

Applying the SkillAnalyzing News Media Think of an issue inyour community on which public opinion isdivided Read newspaper features and editorialsabout the issue and listen to television reports Canyou identify biases Which reports more fairly rep-resent the issue and the solutions Which reportsare the most reliable

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder InteractiveWorkbook CD-ROM Level 1 providesinstruction and practice in key social stud-ies skills

Social StudiesSocial Studies

AIM TO PACK COURT DECLARES HOOVER

President Rooseveltrsquos message to Con-gress asking for authority to appoint newFederal judges whenever existing ones wereover 70 years old was characterized lastnight by Herbert Hoover his predecessor inthe White House as a proposal for ldquopack-ingrdquo the Supreme Court to get through NewDeal measures

ldquoThe Supreme Court has proved many ofthe New Deal proposals as unconstitutionalInstead of the ample alternatives of theConstitution by which these proposalscould be submitted to the people throughconstitutional amendment it is now pro-posed to make changes by lsquopackingrsquo theSupreme Court It has the implication ofsubordination of the court to the personalpower of the Executiverdquo

9644304

The Depression and FDR

Causesbull Income gap between rich and

poor grows

bull High tariffs and war debts

bull Overuse of credit to make purchases

bull Industry and agriculture supply exceeds demand

bull Sales lag

bull International market falters

bull Stock market crash financialpanic

Reviewing Key TermsOn a sheet of paper use at least six of the following terms to write a paragraph on the Great Depression or the New Deal1 default relief public works Hundred Days New Deal

Dust Bowl migrant worker pension Social SecurityAct subsidy unemployment insurance

Reviewing Key Facts2 What did the Bonus Army want the government to do3 What was the New Deal4 How did the CCC benefit the unemployed as well as

the nation5 In what region was the Dust Bowl centered6 Summarize the advances made by African Americans

and women during the Great Depression7 What was the purpose of the Social Security Act8 Describe two laws passed during the Second New

Deal that helped workers and unions

Critical Thinking9 Economic Factors How did the trend of buying

on credit in the 1920s affect banks during the Depression

10 Determining Cause and Effect How did new technol-ogy help cause the Dust Bowl disaster

11 Reviewing Themes Government and DemocracyRe-create the diagram below and list two ways thefederal government changed during Rooseveltrsquosadministration

Practicing Skills12 Analyzing News Media Find two articles one in a

current newspaper and the other in a newsmagazineon a topic involving the economy Compare the arti-cles Did either of the articles show any biases Listany unsupported claims

Changing role of government

Effectsbull Millions lose jobs poverty is

widespread

bull Businesses and banks close

bull Depression spreads to othercountries

bull Roosevelt wins presidency

bull New Deal legislation enacted

bull Despite periods of economic upturn the Depression remains

The Great Depression

Citizenship Cooperative Activity17 Research Work with members of your group to prepare

a photo essay to document the hardships of the Depres-sion Photocopy some of the photos and display them inan interesting way on a sheet of cardboard Write cap-tions for each photo provide photo credits and write atitle for your essay Then with the rest of the class createa walk-through gallery to display all the photo essays

Alternative Assessment18 Portfolio Writing Activity Both Eleanor and Franklin

Roosevelt received many letters from the public duringthe Depression asking for jobs money food and cloth-ing Write a letter from either of the Roosevelts respond-ing to a plea for help Explain in your letter what you canor cannot do for this person Use what you have learnedabout the Rooseveltsrsquo personalities to make your lettersrealistic

Self-Check QuizVisit tajglencoecom and click on Chapter 25mdashSelf-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY

Directions Choose the bestanswer to the following question

All of the following programs were created byRoosevelt in the First New Deal EXCEPT the

A Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)B Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)C Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)D Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

Test-Taking TipBe careful when you see the word EXCEPT in a questionRead carefully all the answer choices and choose the onethat doesnrsquot fit with the question Many times there arespecific words in the question that tell you something

specific Here the question asks about the First New Deal not the Second New Deal

Standardized Test Practice

Geography and History ActivityStudy the map below and answer these questions

13 Place What physical feature made Tennessee particularlysuited for the Tennessee Valley Authority project

14 Region Which states were supplied with power from the TVA

15 Location On the map what dams are located along theTennessee River

Economic Activity16 Use the Internet and other resources to research the vari-

ous types of credit available to consumers today Assessthe advantages and disadvantages of each type of creditDo you think consumer credit today could contribute toan economic depression like that of the 1930s

100 kilometers0Lambert Equal-Area projection

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Norris Dam CherokeeDam

Douglas DamWatts BarDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

BowlingGreenCairo Paducah

Memphis

Corinth HuntsvilleChattanooga

The Tennessee ValleyAuthority

Area supplied withpower from the TVA

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

The American JourneymdashIllinois Edition

Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science

How Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the Standards

How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge of Social Science

The Illinois Constitution A Summary

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

How Do I Study History

The Structure of Illinois Government

Constitution Test Practice

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building Vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States Territorial Growth

North America Physical

North America Political

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography

How Do I Study Geography

How Do I Use Maps

How Does Geography Influence History

Geographic Dictionary

Be an Active Reader

Unit 1 Different Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1625

Chapter 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492

Section 1 Early Peoples

Section 2 Cities and Empires

Section 3 North American Peoples

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400ndash1625

Section 1 A Changing World

Section 2 Early Exploration

Section 3 Spain in America

Section 4 Exploring North America


Unit 2 Colonial Settlement 1587ndash1770

Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587ndash1770

Section 1 Early English Settlements

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies


Chapter 4 The Colonies Grow 1607ndash1770

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Section 2 Government Religion and Culture

Section 3 France and Britain Clash

Section 4 The French and Indian War


Unit 3 Creating a Nation 1763ndash1791

Chapter 5 Road to Independence 1763ndash1776

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

Section 3 A Call to Arms

Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence


Chapter 6 The American Revolution 1776ndash1783

Section 1 The Early Years

Section 2 The War Continues

Section 3 The War Moves West and South

Section 4 The War Is Won


Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union 1777ndash1790

Section 1 The Articles of Confederation

Section 2 Convention and Compromise

Section 3 A New Plan of Government


Civics in Action A Citizenship Handbook

Section 1 The Constitution

Section 2 The Federal Government

Section 3 Citizens Rights and Responsibilities

Handbook Assessment

The Constitution of the United States

Unit 4 The New Republic 1789ndash1825

Chapter 8 A New Nation 1789ndash1800

Section 1 The First President

Section 2 Early Challenges

Section 3 The First Political Parties


Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era 1800ndash1816

Section 1 The Republicans Take Power

Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3 A Time of Conflict

Section 4 The War of 1812


Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion 1790ndash1825

Section 1 Economic Growth

Section 2 Westward Bound

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism


Unit 5 The Growing Nation 1820ndash1860

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era 1824ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

Section 3 Jackson and the Bank


Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny 1818ndash1853

Section 1 The Oregon Country

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 War with Mexico

Section 4 New Settlers in California and Utah


Chapter 13 North and South 1820ndash1860

Section 1 The Norths Economy

Section 2 The Norths People

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

Section 4 The Souths People


Chapter 14 The Age of Reform 1820ndash1860

Section 1 Social Reform

Section 2 The Abolitionists

Section 3 The Womens Movement


Unit 6 Civil War and Reconstruction 1846ndash1896

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War 1820ndash1861

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Section 2 A Nation Dividing

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery

Section 4 Secession and War


Chapter 16 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Two Sides

Section 2 Early Years of the War

Section 3 A Call for Freedom

Section 4 Life During the Civil War

Section 5 The Way to Victory


Chapter 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Radicals in Control

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 4 Change in the South


Unit 7 Reshaping the Nation 1858ndash1914

Chapter 18 The Western Frontier 1858ndash1896

Section 1 The Mining Booms

Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers

Section 3 Native American Struggles

Section 4 Farmers in Protest


Chapter 19 The Growth of Industry 1865ndash1914

Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way

Section 2 Inventions

Section 3 An Age of Big Business

Section 4 Industrial Workers


Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865ndash1914

Section 1 The New Immigrants

Section 2 Moving to the City

Section 3 A Changing Culture


Unit 8 Reform Expansion and War 1865ndash1920

Chapter 21 Progressive Reforms 1877ndash1920

Section 1 The Progressive Movement

Section 2 Women and Progressives

Section 3 Progressive Presidents

Section 4 Excluded from Reform


Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion 1865ndash1917

Section 1 Expanding Horizons

Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific

Section 3 Spanish-American War

Section 4 Latin American Policies


Chapter 23 World War I 1914ndash1919

Section 1 War in Europe

Section 2 Americas Road to War

Section 3 Americans Join the Allies

Section 4 The War at Home

Section 5 Searching for Peace


Unit 9 Turbulent Decades 1919ndash1945

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age 1919ndash1929

Section 1 Time of Turmoil

Section 2 Desire for Normalcy

Section 3 A Booming Economy

Section 4 The Roaring Twenties


Chapter 25 The Depression and FDR 1929ndash1941

Section 1 The Great Depression

Section 2 Roosevelts New Deal

Section 3 Life During the Depression

Section 4 Effects of the New Deal


Chapter 26 World War II 1939ndash1945

Section 1 Road to War

Section 2 War Begins

Section 3 On the Home Front

Section 4 War in Europe and Africa

Section 5 War in the Pacific


Unit 10 Turning Points 1945ndash1975

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era 1945ndash1954

Section 1 Cold War Origins

Section 2 Postwar Politics

Section 3 The Korean War

Section 4 The Red Scare


Chapter 28 America in the 1950s 1953ndash1960

Section 1 Eisenhower in the White House

Section 2 1950s Prosperity

Section 3 Problems in a Time of Plenty


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Era 1954ndash1973

Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement

Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson

Section 3 The Struggle Continues

Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights


Chapter 30 The Vietnam Era 1960ndash1975

Section 1 Kennedys Foreign Policy

Section 2 War in Vietnam

Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home

Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam


Unit 11 Modern America 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 31 Search for Stability 1968ndash1981

Section 1 Nixons Foreign Policy

Section 2 Nixon and Watergate

Section 3 The Carter Presidency


Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981ndashPresent

Section 1 The Reagan Presidency

Section 2 The Bush Presidency

Section 3 A New Century

Section 4 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One

Primary Sources Library

Presidents of the United States

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgements and Photo Credits

Feature Contents


Documents of Americas Heritage

More Abouthellip

What Life Was Likehellip

National Geographic Geography amp History

Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints

Technology and History

Linking Past amp Present

What Ifhellip

Hands-On History Lab Activity

TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History

Fact Fiction Folklore

Primary Source Quotes

Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Activity Workbook - Student Edition

Local history activities

Activity 1 The First Americans

Activity 2 Exploring the Americas

Activity 3 Colonial America

Activity 4 The Colonies Grow

Activity 5 Road to Independence

Activity 6 The American Revolution

Activity 7 A More Perfect Union

Activity 8 A New Nation

Activity 9 The Jefferson Era

Activity 10 Growth and Expansion

Activity 11 The Jackson Era

Activity 12 Manifest Destiny

Activity 13 North and South

Activity 14 The Age of Reform

Activity 15 Road to Civil War

Activity 16 The Civil War

Activity 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

Activity 18 The Western Frontier

Activity 19 The Growth of Industry

Activity 20 Toward an Urban America

Activity 21 Progressive Reforms

Activity 22 Overseas Expansion

Activity 23 World War I

Activity 24 The Jazz Age

Activity 25 The Depression and FDR

Activity 26 World War II

Activity 27 The Cold War Era

Activity 28 America in the 1950s

Activity 29 The Civil Rights Era

Activity 30 The Vietnam Era

Activity 31 Search for Stability

Activity 32 New Challenges

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 Los primeros habitantes de las Ameacutericas Prehistoria a 1492

Guiacutea de estudio 1-1 Los primeros pueblos

Guiacutea de estudio 1-2 Ciudades e imperios

Guiacutea de estudio 1-3 Pueblos norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 2 La exploracioacuten de las Ameacutericas 1400ndash1625

Guiacutea de estudio 2-1 Un mundo cambiante

Guiacutea de estudio 2-2 Primeras exploraciones

Guiacutea de estudio 2-3 Espantildea en Ameacuterica

Guiacutea de estudio 2-4 Exploracioacuten de Norteameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 3 La Ameacuterica colonial 1587ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 3-1 Primeros asentamientos ingleses

Guiacutea de estudio 3-2 Colonias de Nueva Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 3-3 Colonias del Centro

Guiacutea de estudio 3-4 Colonias del Sur

Capiacutetulo 4 El desarollo de las colonias 1607ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 4-1 La vida en las colonias

Guiacutea de estudio 4-2 Gobierno religioacuten y cultura

Guiacutea de estudio 4-3 Choque entre Francia e Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 4-4 La guerra francesa e india

Capiacutetulo 5 El camino de la Independencia 1763ndash1776

Guiacutea de estudio 5-1 Impuestos sin representacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 5-2 Formacioacuten de la unidad colonial

Guiacutea de estudio 5-3 Un llamado a las armas

Guiacutea de estudio 5-4 Avanzar hacia la independencia

Capiacutetulo 6 La Guerra de Independencia 1776ndash1783

Guiacutea de estudio 6-1 Los primeros antildeos

Guiacutea de estudio 6-2 La guerra continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 6-3 La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el Sur

Guiacutea de estudio 6-4 La guerra se gana

Capiacutetulo 7 Una unioacuten maacutes perfecta 1777ndash1790

Guiacutea de estudio 7-1 Los artiacuteculos de la Confederacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 7-2 Convencioacuten y compromiso

Guiacutea de estudio 7-3 Un nuevo plan de gobierno

Capiacutetulo 8 Una nueva Nacioacuten 1879ndash1800

Guiacutea de estudio 8-1 El primer presidente

Guiacutea de estudio 8-2 Primeros retos

Guiacutea de estudio 8-3 Los primeros partidos poliacuteticos

Capiacutetulo 9 La era de Jefferson 1800ndash1816

Guiacutea de estudio 9-1 Los republicanos toman el poder

Guiacutea de estudio 9-2 La compra de Louisiana

Guiacutea de estudio 9-3 Una eacutepoca de conflicto

Guiacutea de estudio 9-4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 10 Crecimiento y expansioacuten 1790ndash1825

Guiacutea de estudio 10-1 Crecimiento econoacutemico

Guiacutea de estudio 10-2 Rumbo al Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 10-3 Unidad y seccionalismo

Capiacutetulo 11 La era Jackson 1824ndash1845

Guiacutea de estudio 11-1 Democracia jacksoniana

Guiacutea de estudio 11-2 Conflictos por la tierra

Guiacutea de estudio 11-3 Jackson y el banco

Capiacutetulo 12 Destino manifiesto 1818ndash1853

Guiacutea de estudio 12-1 El paiacutes de Oregoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 12-2 Independencia para Texas

Guiacutea de estudio 12-3 Guerra con Meacutexico

Guiacutea de estudio 12-4 Nuevos colonos en California y Utah

Capiacutetulo 13 El Norte y el Sur 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 13-1 La economiacutea del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-2 La gente del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-3 El reino surentildeo del algodoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 13-4 La gente del Sur

Capiacutetulo 14 La era de la reforma 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 14-1 Reforma social

Guiacutea de estudio 14-2 Los abolicionistas

Guiacutea de estudio 14-3 El movimiento femenino

Capiacutetulo 15 Caminono a la Guerra Civil 1820ndash1861

Guiacutea de estudio 15-1 La esclavitud y el Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 15-2 Una nacioacuten dividida

Guiacutea de estudio 15-3 Retos para la esclavitud

Guiacutea de estudio 15-4 Secesioacuten y guerra


Guiacutea de estudio 16-1 Los dos bandos

Guiacutea de estudio 16-2 Los primeros antildeos de la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 16-3 Un llamado a la libertad

Guiacutea de estudio 16-4 La vida durante la guerra civil

Guiacutea de estudio 16-5 El camino a la victoria

Capiacutetulo 17 La reconstruccioacuten y sus consecuencias 1865ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 17-1 Planes de reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-2 Los radicales toman el control

Guiacutea de estudio 17-3 El Sur durante la reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-4 Cambio en el Sur

Capiacutetulo 18 La frontera occidental 1858ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 18-1 El auge de la mineriacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 18-2 Rancheros y agricultores

Guiacutea de estudio 18-3 Luchas de los nativos americanos

Guiacutea de estudio 18-4 Protesta de los agricultores

Capiacutetulo 19 El crecimiento de la industria 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 19-1 Los ferrocarriles ensentildean el camino

Guiacutea de estudio 19-2 Inventos

Guiacutea de estudio 19-3 Una era de grandes negocios

Guiacutea de estudio 19-4 Trabajadores industriales

Capiacutetulo 20 Hacia una Ameacuterica urbana 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 20-1 Los nuevos inmigrantes

Guiacutea de estudio 20-2 Mudarse a la ciudad

Guiacutea de estudio 20-3 Una cultura cambiante

Capiacutetulo 21 Reformas progresistas 1877ndash1920

Guiacutea de estudio 21-1 El movimiento progresista

Guiacutea de estudio 21-2 Las mujeres y los progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-3 Los presidentes progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-4 Los excluidos de la reforma

Capiacutetulo 22 Expansioacuten extranjera 1865ndash1917

Guiacutea de estudio 22-1 Expansioacuten de horizontes

Guiacutea de estudio 22-2 Imperialismo en el Paciacutefico

Guiacutea de estudio 22-3 Guerra hispana-estadounidense

Guiacutea de estudio 22-4 Poliacuteticas latinoamericanas

Capiacutetulo 23 La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914ndash1919

Guiacutea de estudio 23-1 Guerra en Europa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-2 El camino de Estados Unidos hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 23-3 Los estadounidenses se unen a los aliados

Guiacutea de estudio 23-4 La guerra en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-5 En busca de la paz

Capiacutetulo 24 La eacutepoca del jazz 1919ndash1929

Guiacutea de estudio 24-1 Tiempo de caos

Guiacutea de estudio 24-2 Deseo de normalidad

Guiacutea de estudio 24-3 Un auge de la economiacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 24-4 Los clamorosos antildeos veinte

Capiacutetulo 25 La Depresioacuten y FDR 1929ndash1941

Guiacutea de estudio 25-1 La Gran Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-2 El Nuevo Trato de Roosevelt

Guiacutea de estudio 25-3 La vida durante la Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-4 Efectos del Nuevo Trato

Capiacutetulo 26 La Segunda Guerra Mundial 1939ndash1945

Guiacutea de estudio 26-1 El camino hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 26-2 La guerra empieza

Guiacutea de estudio 26-3 En el frente nacional

Guiacutea de estudio 26-4 Guerra en Europa y Aacutefrica

Guiacutea de estudio 26-5 Guerra en el Paciacutefico

Capiacutetulo 27 La Guerra Friacutea 1945ndash1954

Guiacutea de estudio 27-1 Oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-2 Poliacutetica de posguerra

Guiacutea de estudio 27-3 La Guerra de Corea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-4 La amenaza roja

Capiacutetulo 28 Estados Unidos en la deacutecada de 1950 1953ndash1960

Guiacutea de estudio 28-1 Eisenhower en la Casa Blanca

Guiacutea de estudio 28-2 Prosperidad en los antildeos cincuenta

Guiacutea de estudio 28-3 Problemas en tiempos de abundancia

Capiacutetulo 29 La era de los derechos civiles 1954ndash1973

Guiacutea de estudio 29-1 El movimiento de los derechos civiles

Guiacutea de estudio 29-2 Kennedy y Johnson

Guiacutea de estudio 29-3 La lucha continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 29-4 Otros grupos buscan derechos

Capiacutetulo 30 La era de Vietnam 1960ndash1975

Guiacutea de estudio 30-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Kennedy

Guiacutea de estudio 30-2 Guerra en Vietnam

Guiacutea de estudio 30-3 Los antildeos de Vietnam en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 30-4 Nixon y Vietnam

Capiacutetulo 31 En busca de estabilidad 1968ndash1981

UnGuiacutea de estudio 31-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Nixontitled

Guiacutea de estudio 31-2 Nixon y Watergate

Guiacutea de estudio 31-3 La presidencia de Carter

Capiacutetulo 32 Nuevos retos 1981ndashPresente

Guiacutea de estudio 32-1 La presidencia de Reagan

Guiacutea de estudio 32-2 La presidencia de Bush

Guiacutea de estudio 32-3 Un nuevo siglo

Guiacutea de estudio 32-4 La guerra contra el terrorismo

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 3 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 4 Using the Scale of Distance on a Map

Activity 5 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 6 Descriptive Writing About a Visual

Activity 7 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 8 Making Inferences

Activity 9 Drawing Conclusions

Activity 10 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 11 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 12 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 13 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 14 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 15 Detecting Bias

Activity 16 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 17 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 18 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 19 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 20 Analyzing Statistics

Activity 21 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 22 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 23 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 24 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 25 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence

Activity 26 Making Decisions

Activity 27 Writing a News Story

Activity 28 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 29 Making Generalizations

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem

Activity 32 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document

Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601

Page Navigator

Exit

a Please see the print version of this page to view missing text or images Permission for digital use was denied

1939bull Gone With the Wind

premieres

1935bull Italy invades

Ethiopia

1939bull Hitler invades

Poland WorldWar II begins

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 25mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

Work for the Unemployed Programs like the Works ProgressAdministration provided jobs during the Great Depression

1935 19391937

1936bull Spanish Civil War begins

bull German Jews lose right to vote

1935bull Social Security

Act Passed

Step 1 Fold a sheet of paper into thirds from topto bottom

Cause-Effect Study Foldable Make this foldableto help you organize what you learn about theGreat Depression and the New Deal

Reading and Writing As you read the chapteruse your foldable to record the causes and effectsof the Great Depression and the New Deal

Step 2 Open the paper and refold it into thirdsfrom side to side

Step 3 Unfold the paper and draw lines alongthe folds

Step 4 Label your table foldable as shown

This formsthree rows

Thisforms threecolumns

Fold itinto thirds

EVENT CAUSES EFFECTS

GreatDepression

NewDeal

Depression

The GreatDepression

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1928 1930 1932

6394828

16979686

History

17564886

Chicken (per pound)

Bananas (per pound)

Milk (per quart)

Cheese (per pound)

Oranges (per dozen)

1046973

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

124444855

What is it

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1932 1933 1934

7481477

History

12820628

12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


Depression

The GreatDepression

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1928 1930 1932

6394828

16979686

History

17564886

Chicken (per pound)

Bananas (per pound)

Milk (per quart)

Cheese (per pound)

Oranges (per dozen)

1046973

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

124444855

What is it

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1932 1933 1934

7481477

History

12820628

12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


16979686

History

17564886

Chicken (per pound)

Bananas (per pound)

Milk (per quart)

Cheese (per pound)

Oranges (per dozen)

1046973

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

124444855

What is it

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1932 1933 1934

7481477

History

12820628

12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


History

17564886

Chicken (per pound)

Bananas (per pound)

Milk (per quart)

Cheese (per pound)

Oranges (per dozen)

1046973

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

124444855

What is it

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1932 1933 1934

7481477

History

12820628

12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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Chicken (per pound)

Bananas (per pound)

Milk (per quart)

Cheese (per pound)

Oranges (per dozen)

1046973

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

124444855

What is it

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1932 1933 1934

7481477

History

12820628

12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

Reviewing Themes

Critical Thinking

Analyzing Visuals

Great Depression

124444855

What is it

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1932 1933 1934

7481477

History

12820628

12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


What is it

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1932 1933 1934

7481477

History

12820628

12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


History

12820628

12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


12225068

The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


The New Deal

7627756

2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


2233531

New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


New Deal programs

16201161

gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


gained influence

Soup kitchen

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1930 1935 1940

672919

121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

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Exit


121362564

18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


18285936

Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


Teen Entertainment

13301286

15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


15051662

Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


Dodge City

Los Angeles

Portland

SanFrancisco

W A S H I N G T O N

O R E G O N

K A N S A S

U T A H

I D A H O

N E B R A S K A

O K L A H O M A

M O N T A N A

W Y O M I N G

C O L O R A D O

N E W M E X I C O

A R I Z O N A

T E X A S

1930 1935 1940

501 or more

101ndash200

205ndash500

01ndash100

00ndash -72

DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


DARK CLOUDS

HEADING WEST

RELIEF

Dust Bowl

Damage

Severe damage

Migration route

Most severe damage

200 miles

200 kilometers

11368296

Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


Social Security Act

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1934 1935 1936 1937

Anti-New Dealbutton

749715

Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


Economics

14962836

HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


HISTORY

History

1604441

15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


15370386

FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


FDRrsquos proposal

14978511

9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


9644304

poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


poor grows

bull Sales lag

widespread

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

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What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

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Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

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HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant

HISTORY

100 miles0N

Cumberland R

ar C r

LittleTennessee R

Ohio R

WheelerDam

WilsonDam

KentuckyDam

Chickamauga Dam

GuntersvilleDam

Asheville

Bristol

Oak Ridge

Knoxville

Nashville

Memphis

Steam power plant





Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

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The Depression and FDR - Your History Site American Journey/chap25.pdf · CHAPTER 25 The Depression and FDR 1929 1931 1933 1930 ... the section, re-create the ... The bubble of American

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