TheDeclara*onofIndependence

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

•  Analyzethefollowingquote.•  Then,answertheques*onsonyourhandout,anddiscusswithyourpartner.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

“Gentlemanmaycry,Peace,peace-butthereisnopeace.Thewarisactuallybegun.Thenextgalethatsweepsfromthenorthwillbringtoourearstheclashofresoundingarm!...Whatisitthatgentlemenwish?...Islifesodear,orpeacesosweat,astobepurchasedatthepriceofchaingsandslavery?Forbidit,AlmightyGod!Iknownotwhtcourseothersmaytake;butasforme,givemelibertyorgivemedeath!”

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

•  Noonewasmoreoutspokeninhissupportfor

independencethatPatrickHenryofVirginia.•  A8erthepassageoftheIntolerableActs,inMay1775,Henrygaveoneofthemost

memorablespeechesinAmericanhistorythat

helpedpushthecoloniesclosertodeclaringIndependence.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

•  Analyzetheimageonthefollowingslide.•  Then,answertheques*onsanddiscusswithyourpartneryourunderstandingoftheDeclara*onofIndependence:

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

•  FiJy-sixdelegatestotheSecondCon*nentalCongress(mostlywell-

educatedwhitemen)signedtheDeclara*onofIndependence.

•  InthecenteristhecommiGee—includingJohnAdams,ThomasJefferson,andBenjaminFranklinpresenIngtheirfinaldra8tothepresidentoftheConInentalCongress,JohnHancock.

•  AmongthegroupsnotrepresentedintheCongresswereAfrican

Americans,women,workingclasses,Loyalists,andAmericanIndians.

VoIngrightsattheImeweregenerallyextendedonlytowhitemale

propertyowners,whomadeuponeofeveryfourcolonists.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

PART1:1.  Inpartners,review6.2TheColonistsOrganize

anArmyinHistoryAlive!2.  FillinthechartandanswerthequesIonson

yourhandout.

6.2THECOLONISTSORGANIZEANARMY

1.   WhodidJohnAdamsproposeshouldbecommander-in-chiefoftheCon*nentalarmy?Whatwasthemainreasonhesuggestedthisperson?

•  JohnAdamsproposedGeorgeWashingtonbecommander-in-

chief.HebelievedthatWashington,withhistalentand

character,wouldunitethecoloniesbeGerthananyoneelse.

6.2THECOLONISTSORGANIZEANARMY

2.   Intheflowchart,recordfourimportantdetailsabouttheBa\leofBunkerHill(Breed’sHill).

MiliIamenbuiltafortonBreed'sHillallthroughthenightofJune16.

WhenBriIshgeneralHowesawtheAmericanfort,heorderedan

aGack.

TheAmericanswaitedunIltheBriIshwereascloseaspossiblebefore

theyfiredonthem.

IttooktheBriIshthreetriestotakethehill.

6.2THECOLONISTSORGANIZEANARMY

3.   Sketchtheimportanteventthattookplaceineachloca*on.Writeacap*onforeachsketchthatexplainstheimportanceoftheevent.

–  Ticonderoga(Winter1775-1776):SketchcouldshowAmericansloading

upsuppliesofcannonsandammuniIon.

–  Cap*on:TheCon2nentalarmywasabletoincreasetheirsuppliesenoughtoa;ackBoston.

–  Boston(March4,1776):SketchcouldshowBriIshtroopsandLoyalistsleavingBostononships.

–  Cap*on:TheCon2nentalarmywasabletoregainBostonwithveryli;lebloodshed,andtheBri2shfledtoCanada.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

1.  Readaloud:6.3OntheEveofIndependenceinHistoryAlive!

2.  BeginCommonSensetranslaIonacIvity

3.  ReviewCommonSensetranslaIonacIvity

4.  FillintheVenndiagramonyourhandout

6.3ONTHEEVEOFINDEPENDENCE

2.   IntheVenndiagram,recordatleastonesimilarityandatleastthreedifferencesbetweentheOliveBranchPe**onandCommonSense.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

1.  Inpartners,review6.4ThomasJeffersonDraJsaDeclara*oninHistoryAlive!

2.  AnswerthequesIonsonyourhandout.

6.4THOMASJEFFERSONDRAFTSADECLARATION

1.   WhodraJedtheDeclara*onofIndependence?Whatwashismainjobinwri*ngthisdocument?

–  ThomasJeffersondra8edtheDeclaraIonofIndependencetoofficiallystatethat

thecolonieswereseparaIngfromGreatBritainandbecomingindependent.

2.   ChoosethreeimportantideasintheDeclara*onofIndependence.Writetheminthechartbelow.Thenexplainwhyyouthinkeachideaisimportant.

1.  Allpeoplearebornequal.Ifeveryoneistreatedthesame,theworldwillbea

morejustplace.

2.  Agovernment’spowertorulecomesfromthepeople.Peopledon’thavetofeel

powerless.Thegovernmentdoesnothavepoweroverthem.

3.  Thepeoplecancreateanewgovernmenttoprotecttheirsafetyandhappiness.

Peopledon’thavetowaitaroundforsomeonetomaketheirgovernmentbeGer.

Theycancreateanewgovernmentthatwillkeepthemsafeandhappy.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

1.  Turntopage592inHistoryAlive!

2.  ThefirstparagraphoftheDeclaraIonofIndependenceiscalledthePreamble.

A.   QuicklyskimthroughthePreamble.

WhatdoesthePreambleexplain?

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCEUsethistohelpyouunderstandingthemeaningofwordsfoundintheDeclara*on:•  Naturalrights—rightsyouarebornwith•  Independence—freeofrulebyanothercountry•  Self-evident—clearandobvious•  Dissolve—tobringtoanend•  Endowed—toestablish,toprovide•  Unalienable—unabletobetakenaway•  Consent—permissionforsomethingtohappen,agreement•  Abolish—toputanendto•  Liberty—freedom,freewill,independence,self-rule•  Separa*on—breakup•  Pe**oned—aformalwri\enrequest,anappeal•  Despo*sm—rulebyadictator•  Tyrant—acruelandoppressiveruler•  Candid—honest,open

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

ThePreambleexplainsthattheDeclara*onofIndependencewilltelltheworldwhythecoloniesbelievetheyshouldbeindependent.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

B.   QuicklyskimthroughthesecondparagraphoftheDeclara*onofIndependence.

Whataresomekeyideasexpressedinthisparagraph?

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

Somekeyideasinthesecondparagrapharethatallmen(people)arecreatedequalandthattheyhavebasicrightssuchaslife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

C.   Thereisalonglistofthatbeginswiththewords,"HehasrefusedhisAssent..."Quicklyskimthislist.

Whatisthisalistofandwhydoyouthinkitwasincluded?

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

Thisisalistofchargesthatexplainhowthekinghasviolatedthecolonists’rights.

•  Canyouconnectanyofthechargesabovetoeventswehavelearnedaboutbefore?quarteringchargeandimposingtaxes.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

D.   QuicklyskimthelastparagraphoftheDeclara*onofIndependence,thatstarts“Wetherefore,theRepresenta*vesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica...”

WhatdotheRepresenta*vessolemnlydeclareinthispartofthedocument?

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

TheRepresenta*vesdeclare,“ThattheseUnitedColoniesare...FreeandIndependentStates.”

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

ThefollowingfourprinciplesofgovernmentareusedintheDeclara*onofIndependencetomaketheargumentforindependence.Fillinthemissingwords.

•  Principle1All______________arecreatedequal.

•  Principle2Allpeoplehavebasic______________thatcannotbetakenaway.

•  Principle3Thegovernmentgetsitspowertomakedecisionsandprotectrightsfromthe________________.

•  Principle4Whenthegovernmentdoesnotprotectthe________________ofthepeople,the__________________havetherightto__________________or__________________thegovernment.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

•  Principle1Allpeoplearecreatedequal.•  Principle2Allpeoplehavebasicrightsthatcannotbetaken

away.

•  Principle3Thegovernmentgetsitspowertomakedecisionsandprotectrightsfromthepeople.

•  Principle4Whenthegovernmentdoesnotprotecttherightsofthepeople,thepeoplehavetherighttochangeorremovethegovernment.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

Inpartners:usingyourAnalyzingExcerptsfromtheDeclara*on

ofIndependencehandout,matchoneormoreoftheprinciples

ofgovernmentexpressedintheDeclara*onofIndependence

tothesevenexcerptsfromtheDeclara*onofIndependence.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

Excerpt1:Principle4

Excerpt2:Principle1,2

Excerpt3:Principle3

Excerpt4:Principle4,2

Excerpt5:Principle1,3

Excerpt6:Principle3,4

Excerpt7:Principle4

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

Direc*ons:locatethemodernlanguageor18thcentury

equivalentoftheDeclara*onofIndependenceexcerpt

yourgrouphasbeengiven.

THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCE

Excerpt1:PrincipleG

Excerpt2:PrincipleC

Excerpt3:PrincipleE

Excerpt4:PrincipleB

Excerpt5:PrincipleD

Excerpt6:PrincipleF

Excerpt7:PrincipleA

DEBATETEAMCAROUSEL

IstheUnitedStatesupholdingtheprinciplesofgovernmentexpressedintheDeclaraKonofIndependence?

•  Reviewthecheatsheetwithyourpartner•  Formgroupsof4tobeginthecarousel

•  Spend3-minuteswriInginthe1stbox,then,whentheImeris

up,passyourpaperclockwise

DEBATETEAMCAROUSEL

IstheUnitedStatesupholdingtheprinciplesofgovernmentexpressedintheDeclaraKonofIndependence?

•  Peoplewhosaid“yes”sitononesideoftheclass

•  Peoplewhosaid“no”sitonadifferentsideoftheclass

DEBATETEAMCAROUSEL

IstheUnitedStatesupholdingtheprinciplesofgovernmentexpressedintheDeclaraKonofIndependence?

•  PracIceacIvelistening:youmustrepeat(paraphrase)what

youropponentsaidtostateyourownview

•  CitetheprinciplesofgovernmentexpressedintheDOI

•  Backyourviewswithevidence•  Alwaysberespecful