The Debate Clash!

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Basics of Debateby Charles U. Pesodas

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What is a (good) debate?ΦA debate is an organized clash of good ideas.

ΦEach side employs worthwhile evidence to promote their viewpoint and to rebut the "flawed" evidence advanced by the other side.

ΦDebating is a formal intellectual contest and there are endless ways it can be played. However, a good debate is like a tennis match where each side, following the rules set down, bats ideas back and forth to defeat the other team.

ΦAs in any other subjective sport, debaters have to persuade the judges that they have won. Yet, debating can be an exciting even dangerous activity because emotions often run high.



It was in 5th Century B.C. in Syracuse a city from Ancient Greece has gone through war and revolution. People struggled for peace and order. A particular concern for them was land ownership for lands were claimed through memory.

Debate during the Olden Days



“It is better to debate a question without settling it than to settle a question without debating it.”

-Joseph Joubert


http://thinkexist.com/quotation/it_is_better_to_debate_a_question_without/209782.html




What makes a good debater?

Debaters challenge ideas, they do not attack each other. Like other sports, fair play is critical.

Regular debaters will be transferred to play on the other side later in their careers, so it does not pay to be too emotionally tied.

A debater is a spokesperson for the moment for or against a motion and is not a fanatic for a cause.



How can I prepare for a debate?

Research

Setting up arguments

Preparing a Speech



Two (2) commonly used types of debate:

1. Oxford Oregon Debate

2. Asian Parliamentary Debate



OXFORD OREGON DEBATE



Objectives of Debate

• Main Objective * To resolve the issue intelligently at the end of the debate

• Specific Objectives * To have a comprehensive grasp of issues * To be able to prepare a case which tackles the P, N

and B.



The Resolution

• Stated as: Let it be resolved that (LIBRT):______________.

Ex. Let it be resolved that prostitution be legalized.

• Characteristics: * Usually about a policy. * Stated in a way that alters the status quo. * Positively-stated.



Research

Research first before case-building The team should research before building their

case if the issue is new and is still developing.

Case-building before research The team should build their case first before

undergoing research when the issue has already been widely discussed and debated.



Case-building

BURDEN OF EACH TEAMAffirmative – Burden of Proof

•Must establish a prima facie case•Must prove all aspects of their case to win•Can not win based on the inability of the negative to prove its case. Negative – Burden of Rebuttal

•Must destroy either the P, N, or b of the affirmative’s case•Can not discuss anything that the affirmative did not bring up



ASPECTS OF THE CASE Practicability – feasibility of a proposition, includes

matter of: *law *clamor *finance Necessity – need for the proposition, discusses the

presence or absence of an inherent flaw in the status quo. Beneficiality – advantages or disadvantages of adopting or rejecting the resolution, includes; * specific beneficiaries *specific benefits



Parts of the Debate• Constructive Speech The presentation of each team member’s arguments and evidence for each aspect of the case – 5 minutes each

•Interpellation The opportunity for each debater to ask and answer questions regarding their speeches - 3 minutes

•Rebuttal The summary and defense of each team’s arguments and evidence, to be delivered by either the scribe or the team captain – 6 minutes



Speakers and Their Roles

3 Speakers Necessity Speaker Beneficiality Practicability speaker

•1 Scribe



1st Speaker (Affirmative Side)

I. Introduction II. State the proposition III. Define the terms IV. Give the status quo 1. What is the status quo? V. State your stand

VI. Team Split VII. Caseline

A. State all your arguments first B. Go back, then strengthen each one C. Always give transition. You could repeat the

argument after your explanation.

VIII. Conclusion



1st Speaker (Negative Side)

I. Introduction II. State the proposition of the affirmative A. Negate/show the clash with the

given proposition III. Rebut the 1st speaker of the affirm.’s arguments IV. Caseline (same as the 1st spkr-aff) V. Conclusion (same as the 1st spkr-aff)



Rebuttal Speaker (Affirmative and Negative)

I. Introduction II. State the proposition A. What has happened in this debate? B. Where was the clash?

I.Rebuttal of the Opposing team A. What have they said? B. Why is it wrong? C. Fallacies committed



Summary

A. Restate all the arguments of each speaker 1. What have they said? 2. Why is it right?

A.Strengthen arguments by giving more examples or elaboration.

B.Conclusion



Asian Parliamentary Debate



Teams:

There two opposing teams in an Asians format of debate:

1. Government side- proposes and defends the motion;2. Opposition side- refute and negates the motion.

Each side is composed of three members.



The Members of the government side are the following:

1. Prime minister (PM)- opens the debate, defines the motion and advances arguments;

2. Deputy prime Minister(DPM)- refute at first instance the case of the opposition, re-establish the government's claim, and advances arguments;

3. Government whip(GW)- makes an issue-based rebuttal of the opposition's case and summarizes the case of the government.



The Members of the Opposition side are the following:

1. Leader of the Opposition(LO)- responds directly to the case of the government by giving a direct clash, and advances arguments. May challenge the motion if the definition is challengeable;

2. Deputy Leader of the Opposition(DPL)- refutes the case of the DPM, reestablishes the case of the opposition, and advances an argument;

3. Opposition Whip (OW)- makes an issues-based rebuttal of the government's and summarizes the case of the opposition.



Time of Speeches:Each speaker is allocated seven minutes to deliver their constructive speeches. One speaker from each side (For the Government:PM/DPM, for Opposition:LO/DLO) is given four minutes to deliver a reply speech. The speakers will be speaking in the following order:

1. Prime Minister2. Leader of the opposition3. Deputy Prime Minister4. Deputy Leader of the Opposition5. Government Whip6. Opposition whip7. Opposition Reply8. Government Reply



During the constructive speeches, Point of Information (POI) may be raised by the opposing side after the first minute up to the sixth minute. POI may be refused or accepted by the speaker. During reply speeches, no POI may be raised.



Reply Speech:

Reply speech is a comparative analysis of the strength and weaknesses of the case of both sides. The aim of the speech is to give a bias judgment as to why should the people support the team's claim. The speech is first delivered by the opposition side and followed by the government side who will close the debate.



Matter, Manner, Method:Asian Parliamentary Debate is assessed by an

Adjudicator Panel composed of an odd number according to the following criteria:

1. Matter (40)- substance of the debate, the arguments and evidence presented, and the logical reasoning and presentation of said arguments.

2. Manner (40)- the style of delivery, the persuasion skills, and the conduct of the debaters.

3. Method (20)- the response to the dynamics of the debate, and the observance of the rules of debate.



“Debate is masculine, conversation is feminine.”

-Amos Bronson Alcott


http://thinkexist.com/quotation/debate_is_masculine-conversation_is_feminine/258428.html

http://thinkexist.com/quotation/debate_is_masculine-conversation_is_feminine/258428.html

http://thinkexist.com/quotes/amos_bronson_alcott/

http://thinkexist.com/quotes/amos_bronson_alcott/


Thank You!


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The Debate Clash!