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7th Grade Civics End of Course Exam
Study Guide
1
The date of my Civics End of Course
will be: ______________
2
Table of Contents
Origins and Purposes of Law and Government 5SS.7.C.1.1 - Recognize how Enlightenment ideas including Montesquieu’s view of separation of power and John Locke’s theories related to natural law and how Locke’s social contract influenced the Founding Fathers. 5SS.7.C.1.2 - Trace the impact that the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact, and Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" had on colonists' views of government. 7SS.7.C.1.3 - Describe how English policies and responses to colonial concerns led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence. 9SS.7.C.1.4 - Analyze the ideas (natural rights, role of the government) and complaints set forth in the Declaration of Independence. 10SS.7.C.1.5 - Identify how the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the writing of the Constitution. 12SS.7.C.1.6 - Interpret the intentions of the Preamble of the Constitution. 14SS.7.C.1.7 - Describe how the Constitution limits the powers of government through separation of powers and checks and balances. 16SS.7.C.1.8 - Explain the viewpoints of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists regarding the ratification of the Constitution and inclusion of a bill of rights. 17SS.7.C.1.9 - Define the rule of law and recognize its influence on the development of the American legal, political, and governmental systems. 19SS.7.C.3.10 - Identify sources and types (civil, criminal, constitutional, military) of law. 20
Roles, Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens 22SS.7.C.2.1 - Define the term "citizen," and identify legal means of becoming a United States citizen.
22SS.7.C.2.2 - Evaluate the obligations citizens have to obey laws, pay taxes, defend the nation, and serve on juries. 24SS.7.C.2.4 - Evaluate rights contained in the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the Constitution. 26SS.7.C.2.5 - Distinguish how the Constitution safeguards and limits individual rights. 29SS.7.C.3.6 - Evaluate constitutional rights and their impact on individuals and society. 31SS.7.C.3.7 - Analyze the impact of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments on participation of minority groups in the American political process. 33SS.7.C.3.12 - Analyze the significance and outcomes of landmark Supreme Court cases including, but not limited to, Marbury v. Madison, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, in re Gault, Tinker v. Des Moines, Hazelwood v. Kuhlmier, United States v. Nixon, and Bush v. Gore. 35
Government Policies and Political Processes 39SS.7.C.2.8 - Identify America's current political parties, and illustrate their ideas about government.
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SS.7.C.2.9 - Evaluate candidates for political office by analyzing their qualifications, experience, issue-based platforms, debates, and political ads. 40SS.7.C.2.10 - Examine the impact of media, individuals, and interest groups on monitoring and influencing government. 42SS.7.C.2.11 - Analyze media and political communications (bias, symbolism, propaganda). 43SS.7.C.2.13 - Examine multiple perspectives on public and current issues. 46SS.7.C.4.1 - Differentiate concepts related to United States domestic and foreign policy. 47SS.7.C.4.2 - Recognize government and citizen participation in international organizations. 49SS.7.C.4.3 - Describe examples of how the United States has dealt with international conflicts. 51
Organization and Function of Government 53SS.7.C.3.1 - Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism, communism, monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy). 53SS.7.C.3.2 - Compare parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government. 55SS.7.C.3.3 - Illustrate the structure and function (three branches of government established in Articles I, II, and III with corresponding powers) of government in the United States as established in the Constitution. 57SS.7.C.3.4 - Identify the relationship and division of powers between the federal government and state governments. 59SS.7.C.3.5 - Explain the Constitutional amendment process. 61SS.7.C.3.8 - Analyze the structure, functions, and processes of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. 63SS.7.C.3.11 - Diagram the levels, functions, and powers of courts at the state and federal levels. 67SS.7.C.3.13 - Compare the constitutions of the United States and Florida. 69SS.7.C.3.14 - Differentiate between local, state, and federal governments' obligations and services.
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Origins and Purposes of Law and Government
SS.7.C.1.1 - Recognize how Enlightenment ideas including Montesquieu’s view of separation of power and John Locke’s
theories related to natural law and how Locke’s social contract influenced the Founding Fathers.
Vocabulary
John Locke Natural Law, Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, Property), Social Contract – government and people form a contract
Limited Government
The principle that a ruler or a government is not all-powerful
Montesquieu Separation of Powers (legislative, executive, judicial)
Natural Right A freedom people possess relating to life, liberty, and property
Separation of Powers
The split of authority among legislative, executive, and judicial branches
The image below concerns government.
1. Which Enlightenment idea is represented by the image?A. Separation of powersB. Checks and balancesC. Social contractD. Natural law
The statements below are from the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights
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2. Which statement reflects the Enlightenment ideas of government as expressed by Montesquieu?
A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4
3. How are the Enlightenment ideas that influenced the Founding Fathers reflected in modern institutions?
A. Colonies have been re-established to preserve popular sovereignty.B. Oligarchies have increased to safeguard natural rights.C. The United Nations promotes universal human rights.D. The European Union encourages economic stability.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.1.2 - Trace the impact that the Magna Carta, English Bill of Rights, Mayflower Compact, and Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"
had on colonists' views of government.
Vocabulary
Magna Carta The first document to limit the power of the King of England; limited the government; signed in 1215
Mayflower Compact
First form of self-government outside of the King of England; created in 1620
English Bill of Rights
A list of rights for the people of England; limited the government’s power; passed in 1689
Common Sense
Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine arguing for the American Colonies to break away from English rule
Self-Government
Rule by people (popular sovereignty)
Limited Monarchy
A government where the king’s power is limited
4. Which documents influenced the colonists' views of government?A. Common Sense, Articles of Confederation, Declaration of the Rights
of ManB. Virginia Declaration of Rights, Common Sense, Bill of RightsC. Magna Carta, Mayflower Compact, Common SenseD. Magna Carta, Iroquois Constitution, Common Sense
The diagram below shows that the colonists formed some of their political views from some historical documents.
5. Which phrase completes the diagram?A. Separation of powers
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B. Economic freedomC. Self-governmentD. Individual rights
The passage below was written by Thomas Paine in his 1771 pamphlet, Common Sense.
6. Based on this passage, how is the author's view reflected in the U.S. political system?
A. The monarchy creates limited government.B. The monarchy supports self-government.C. Representatives are appointed.D. Representatives are elected.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.1.3 - Describe how English policies and responses to colonial concerns led to the writing of the Declaration of
Independence.
Vocabulary
Assent To give one’s approval; agree to something
Oppression Cruel or unjust use of authority or power
Self-Evident Obvious
Tyranny Harsh, cruel, and severe government or conduct
Duty A tax
Rule of Law No one is above the law. Everyone must follow the law.
Taxation without
Representation
Colonists did not have a vote in English Parliament
Abolish To remove
Sovereignty To have power over
Parliament The English legislature
7. Which documents addressed colonial concerns about English policies?A. Declaration of IndependenceB. Mayflower CompactC. U.S. ConstitutionD. Bill of Rights
The diagram below describes a cause that led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence.
8. Which action completes the diagram?A. Colonial agriculture trade increases.B. Colonial religious devotion increases.C. Colonial demand for political change increases.D. Colonial demand for military assistance increases.
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9. Why did Parliament eventually repeal the Stamp Act, which taxed goods such as newspapers and playing cards?
A. The colonists established a blockade against British goods.B. The colonists were able to produce their own goods.C. The colonists started destroying British goods.D. The colonists began boycotting British goods.
Application Activity
SS.7.C.1.4 - Analyze the ideas (natural rights, role of the government) and complaints set forth in the Declaration of
Independence.
Vocabulary
Debt from the French and Indian War
England owed money from assisting the colonies in the French and Indian war and began demanding that the colonies help pay it back in the form of taxes
Road to the American
Revolution
Taxation without representation, no trial by jury, limiting judicial power, quartering soldiers, dissolving legislatures
Declaration of Independence
Natural rights – unalienable rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)Role of Government – consent of the governed, people may abolish the governmentComplaints (see Road to the American Revolution)
Self-Evident Obvious
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Unalienable Cannot take away
The passage below is from a historical document.
10. Which document contains this passage?A. Declaration of IndependenceB. Articles of ConfederationC. English Bill of RightsD. U.S. Constitution
The passage below was written by Thomas Paine in his 1776 book, Common Sense.
11. Based on this passage, with which complaint against the king from the Declaration of Independence would Thomas Paine agree?
A. Persecuting immigrant groupsB. Taking away religious rightsC. Taking away political rightsD. Persecuting racial groups
12. What is one way that the ideas stated in the Declaration of Independence are evident today?
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A. Equal employment opportunitiesB. Voting rights amendmentsC. Selective serviceD. Term limits
Application Activity
SS.7.C.1.5 - Identify how the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation led to the writing of the Constitution.
Vocabulary
Articles of Confederation
the first constitution of the United States
Confederation A system of government where power is located with the independent states and there is little power in the central government; a confederation is also known as a confederal system
Constitutional Convention
A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 where delegates decided to throw out the Articles of Confederation and draft the Constitution
Debt Something owed, such as money
Shays Rebellion
an event when 2,000 Massachusetts farmers rebelled against land foreclosures and debt from the Revolutionary War
The diagram below shows steps leading to a historical event.
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13. Which event completes the diagram?A. Declaration of IndependenceB. Articles of ConfederationC. Annapolis ConventionD. Whiskey Rebellion
14. How did the U.S. Constitution solve a problem created by the Articles of Confederation?
A. It avoided the issue of states' rights.B. It allowed the states to elect representatives.C. It prevented the amendment of federal laws.D. D. It enabled the federal government to collect taxes.
The passage below is from a historical document.
15. How does the U.S. Constitution address concerns that resulted from the government described in this passage?
A. The new government could enforce treaties between the states.B. The new government could settle disputes between the states.C. The new government could regulate trade between the states.D. The new government could levy taxes between the states.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.1.6 - Interpret the intentions of the Preamble of the Constitution.
Vocabulary
Defense method of protecting oneself
Domestic Referring to something at home, not foreign
Insure ensure, to make sure
Justice A system of establishing what is legal and illegal by fair rules
Ordain to establish something by law
Posterity Future generations
Preamble the introduction to the U.S. Constitution
Tranquility peace
Union something formed by combining parts, such as states into one country
Welfare well-being
16. Which part of the U.S. Constitution states the six purposes of government?
A. Bill of RightsB. Article IVC. Preamble
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D. Article I
17. In the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution, what is the meaning of the phrase "We the People"?
A. The people express their will through political parties.B. The people express their will by directly creating laws.C. Government receives taxes from the people and exists to support
them.D. Government receives its power from the people and exists to serve
them.
The statement below is from a historical document.
18. How is this statement reflected in the modern American political system?
A. Voters elect Congress members.B. The Electoral College elects Congress.C. Congress enforces policies.D. The president enacts policies.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.1.7 - Describe how the Constitution limits the powers of government through separation of powers and checks and
balances.
Vocabulary
Checks and balances
a principle of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the other branches
Constitutional government
A form of government based on a written set of laws that all citizens agree to; in this form of government, the constitution is the highest law of the land
Judicial review
the power of the judicial branch to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches and determine whether or not they are unconstitutional (this includes laws passed by Congress); the U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison established this power
Separation of power
The structure of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that sets up three branches with their own distinct powers and responsibilities
19. What check does the U.S. Senate have on the president?A. Overriding vetoesB. Appointing judgesC. Declaring laws unconstitutionalD. Refusing to confirm appointments
The passage below is from Federalist No. 47, written by James Madison in 1788.
20. Based on this passage, which constitutional principle does Madison describe?
A. Separation of powersB. Checks and balancesC. Popular sovereigntyD. Judicial review
21. Which principle supports President Eisenhower's action to uphold the
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U.S. Supreme Court's decision that public schools should be integrated?A. Judicial reviewB. Checks and balancesC. Separation of powersD. Constitutional government
Application Activity
SS.7.C.1.8 - Explain the viewpoints of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists regarding the ratification of the Constitution and
inclusion of a bill of rights.
Vocabulary
Anti-Federalist Papers
a series of essays written to oppose and defeat the proposed U.S. Constitution
Anti-Federalists
A group of people in the early United States who opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution, because they feared a strong national government and a lack of protection for individual rights
Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Federalist Papers
A series of essays written to explain and defend the proposed U.S. Constitution
22. What was the Anti-Federalists' greatest concern about ratifying the U.S. Constitution?
A. The lack of a federal court system.
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B. The lack of legislative veto power.C. The lack of a strong military.D. The lack of a bill of rights.
23. Which statement supports the Anti-Federalists in the struggle over ratification of the U.S. Constitution?
A. The Constitution should limit state government.B. The Constitution should protect fundamental rights.C. The Constitution should create a strong national government.D. The Constitution should prevent the election of amateur politicians.
The passage below was written by James Madison in 1787.
24. Based on this passage, what change in modern political society would Madison support?
A. Expanding the size of the CabinetB. Expanding the size of the Electoral CollegeC. Expanding the number of candidates in campaignsD. Expanding the role of special interest groups in campaigns
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.1.9 - Define the rule of law and recognize its influence on the development of the American legal, political, and governmental
systems.
Vocabulary
Law a rule established by government or other source of authority to regulate people’s conduct or activities
Rule of Law The idea that those who govern must follow the laws; no one is above the law
25. Which principle is included in the U.S. Constitution?A. Rule of lawB. Right to trialC. CapitalismD. Confederalism
26. Which statement describes an impact of the rule of law?A. State of natureB. Checks and balancesC. Separation of powersD. Transparency of institutions
The statement below is from the Magna Carta written in 1215.
27. Which political principle justifies this statement?A. The right to trial protects political institutions.B. The rule of law guarantees fair legal treatment.C. Checks and balances prevent tyranny in government. D. Separation of powers permits shared government authority.
Application
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Activity
SS.7.C.3.10 - Identify sources and types (civil, criminal, constitutional, military) of law.
Vocabulary
civil law law that deals with relationships between people (rather than relationships between people and the government)
constitutional law
law that focuses on interpreting the U.S. Constitution
criminal law law that deals with crimes and the punishments for those crimes
juvenile law law that deals with people who are under the age of 18
military law laws that apply only to people in the military
28. The Code of Hammurabi (1772 BC) includes laws focusing on contracts. What type of U.S. law is based on the Code of Hammurabi?
A. CivilB. ConstitutionalC. CriminalD. Military
29. Which type of law is used to help solve disputes between people or organizations?
A. CivilB. ConstitutionalC. Criminal
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D. Military
The passage below is from a U.S. Supreme Court opinion announcement.
30. According to the passage, which action did the U.S. Supreme Court find constitutional?
A. The death penalty may be imposed only on adults.B. The death penalty may be imposed only on juveniles.C. The death penalty may be imposed on both adults and juveniles.D. The death penalty may be imposed on neither adults nor juveniles.
Application Activity
Roles, Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
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SS.7.C.2.1 - Define the term "citizen," and identify legal means of becoming a United States citizen.
Vocabulary
citizen A member of a community of people who owe loyalty to a government and, in turn, are entitled to its protection
citizenship The rights and duties of citizens
civics The study of the rights and duties of citizens
government A ruling authority for a community
alien A foreign-born resident of the United States who has not been naturalized
immigrant An individual who moves permanently to a new country
refugee A person who has left his or her home to escape danger such as persecution by the government, war, or natural disaster
naturalization A legal process to obtain citizenship
law of blood Citizenship is not determined by place of birth but by having one or both parents who are citizens of the state
law of soil Citizenship is not determined by place of birth, but by having one or both parents who are citizens of the state
duty An action we are required to perform
responsibility An obligation that we meet of our own free will
1. Which is a requirement for a person to become a naturalized U.S. citizen?
A. Passing a U.S. history and government examB. Working in the U.S. for at least five yearsC. Being born to American parentsD. Serving in the U.S. military
The diagram below shows some general eligibility requirements.
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2. Which statement completes the diagram?A. Joining a military serviceB. Obtaining a driver's licenseC. Becoming a naturalized citizenD. Receiving a social security card
The table below describes permanent resident status.
3. Based on the table, what could be predicted about the impact of permanent residents on government?
A. The number of person seeking citizenship by law of soil would decline.
B. The number of persons seeking citizenship by law of blood would increase.
C. The number of persons seeking naturalization would be affected by elections for Congress.
D. The number of persons seeking naturalization would be affected by elections for governor.
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Application Activity
SS.7.C.2.2 - Evaluate the obligations citizens have to obey laws, pay taxes, defend the nation, and serve on juries.
Vocabulary
obligations Being morally or legally bound to do something
jury A group of people (usually 12) who give a verdict in a court case according to evidence submitted in court
4. What right do citizens have?A. Attending public schoolsB. Owning propertyC. Holding a jobD. Voting
The illustration below shows a legal document.
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5. Why are citizens obligated to respond to such documents?A. To guarantee court hearings remain publicB. To guarantee courts provide probable causeC. To protect the constitutional right to be tried by one's peersD. To protect the constitutional right to confront one's accuser
The image below describes a citizen obligation.
6. Based on this image, what can be presumed about citizen obligations?A. Citizens support attending civic meetings.B. Citizens support securing individual rights.C. Citizens resist registering for selective service.D. Citizens resist contributing to the common good.
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Application Activity
SS.7.C.2.4 - Evaluate rights contained in the Bill of Rights and other amendments to the Constitution.
Vocabulary
Bill of Rights the first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution
cruel and unusual
punishment
punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution; includes torture or other forms of punishment too severe for the crime committed
double jeopardy
the prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has already been tried; prohibited in the Fifth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution
due process the right of people accused of crimes to have laws that treat them fairly, so that they cannot lose their life or freedom without having their legal rights protected
eminent domain
the right of the government to take private property for public use; the Fifth Amendment requires that people be paid fairly (compensated) for their property if it is taken by the government
equal protection
under the law
a guarantee under the 14th Amendment that a state must treat a citizen or class of citizens the same as it treats other citizens or classes in like circumstances
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First Amendment
an amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibiting Congress from establishing a religion, and from interfering with freedom of religious exercise, press, speech, assembly, or petition
pleading the fifth
the right of a person to refuse to testify under oath in a court of law on the grounds that the answers could be used as evidence against him to convict him of a criminal offense
Right to bear arms
the right of a defendant to be assisted by an attorney, and if he cannot afford his own lawyer, the government must appoint one for him; established in the Sixth Amendment
search and seizure
the process by which police or other authorities who suspect that a crime has been committed do a search of a person's property and collect evidence related to the crime; protection from illegal search and seizure is in the Fourth Amendment
suffrage the right to vote; protected in the 15th, 19th, 24th and 26th Amendments
trial by jury a trial in which the issue is determined by a judge and a jury, usually with 12 members, whose job is to determine facts and make a judgment of guilty or not guilty; protected in the Sixth Amendment
unenumerated rights
according to the Ninth Amendment, any right that is not specifically addressed in the Constitution still may be protected (e.g., privacy)
7. Which three rights are guaranteed by the Bill of Rights?A. Freedom of speech, right to work, right to petition the governmentB. Right to bear arms, right to a speedy trial, right to an educationC. Freedom of speech, right to bear arms, right to a speedy trialD. Right to vote, right to work, right to a speedy trial
The image below symbolizes a right protected by the Bill of Rights.
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8. What constitutional right does this image symbolize? A. Speedy trialB. Trial by peersC. Legal representationD. Peaceable assembly
9. Which First Amendment protections have been cited in opposition to this change?
A. Establishment and free exerciseB. Establishment and associationC. Speech and free exerciseD. Association and speech
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.2.5 - Distinguish how the Constitution safeguards and limits individual rights.
Vocabulary
appellate process
the process of asking a higher court to decide whether a trial was conducted properly
ex post facto a Latin term meaning “after the fact”
ex post facto law
a law that makes an act a crime after the crime has been committed
habeas corpus
the principle that the government has to provide a cause or reason for holding a person in jail
independent judiciary
the principle that decisions from the courts are fair and impartial and are not influenced by the other branches of government
precedent a court decision in an earlier case with facts and legal issues similar to those in a case currently before a court
privacy not in public
public interest common benefit, the general benefit of the public
safeguard To protect
summary judgment
a judgment decided by a trial court without the case going to trial; a summary judgment is an attempt to stop a case from going to trial
writ law
10. Which type of law makes an act a crime after it has been committed?A. Summary judgmentB. Double jeopardyC. Habeas corpusD. Ex post facto
Below is a statement from Chief Justice John Roberts. “…students do not shed their First
Amendment rights at the school-house gate.”
Source: Morse v. Frederick (2007) 11. Why is this statement significant?
A. The Constitution limits individual rights.
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B. The Constitution safeguards individual rights.C. The Constitution does not limit individual rights.D. The Constitution does not safeguard individual rights.
The timeline below shows events related to the death penalty.
12. What constitutional protections have resulted from these events?A. Constitutional protections from cruel and unusual punishment are
safeguarded while executions continue.B. Constitutional protections from cruel and unusual punishment are
limited while executions continue.C. Constitutional protections of due process of law are safeguarded
while executions continue.D. Constitutional protections of due process of law are limited while
executions continue.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.3.6 - Evaluate constitutional rights and their impact on individuals and society.
Vocabulary
civil disobedience
the refusal to obey certain laws as a form of political protest
economic freedom
the freedom to produce, trade, or use any goods or services in a way that is legal
eminent domain
the right of the government to take private property for public use; the Fifth Amendment requires that people be paid fairly (compensated) for their property if it is taken by the government
forced internment
the confinement of a group of people, especially during a war
freedom of assembly
the right to hold meetings and form groups without interference by the government; guaranteed in the First Amendment
property rights
the right to own property; mentioned in the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments
13. Which individual protection is found in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
A. Privacy rightsB. Property rightsC. Forced internmentD. Civil disobedience
14. Which action represents an individual exercising a constitutional right?A. Summary judgmentB. Quartering soldiersC. Civil disobedienceD. Double jeopardy
The passage below is from Executive Order 9066, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, February 19, 1942.
…by …the authority vested in me as President of the United States, …I hereby authorize …the Secretary of War….whenever he …deems such action necessary…, to prescribe military areas in
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such places and of such extent as he…may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War …may impose in his discretion.
Source: U.S. National Archives and Records Administration 15. According to this passage, what impact does government have on the people?
A. Citizens are protected from forced internment.B. Citizens may be subjected to forced internment.C. Citizens may be required to perform military service.D. Citizens are protected from required military service.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.3.7 - Analyze the impact of the 13th, 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments on participation of minority groups in the
American political process.
Vocabulary
13th
Amendmentan amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made slavery unconstitutional in the United States
14th
Amendmentan amendment to the U.S. Constitution that defines citizenship, grants citizenship to former slaves and defines voters as males at least 21 year of age
15th
Amendmentan amendment to the U.S. Constitution that makes it illegal for the federal or state governments to deny someone the right to vote based on their race
19th
Amendmentan amendment to the U.S. Constitution that gave women the right to vote
24th
Amendmentan amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made poll taxes illegal as a requirement for voting
26th
Amendmentan amendment to the U.S. Constitution that lowered the minimum voting age to 18
amendment a change to a constitution (e.g., U.S. Constitution, Florida Constitution)
civil rights the basic rights of citizens to be free from unequal treatment based on certain characteristics (e.g., race, gender, disability)
Civil Rights Act of 1964
a federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion, or national origin
Civil Rights Act of 1968
a federal law that prohibits discrimination related to the sale, rental and financing of housing based on race, religion, national origin or sex
discrimination treating a person or group unfairly based on their race, religion, gender, disability, or other reasons
Equal Rights Amendment
a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution outlawing discrimination based on sex
literacy test a written test used to decide whether or not someone was eligible to register vote
poll tax a fee someone has to pay in order to vote
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prohibit to forbid or to not allow something
segregation the separation of people, such as segregation based on race
states’ rights a power or issue for individual states to determine
suffrage the right to vote
Voting Rights Act of 1965
a federal law that banned racial discrimination in voting practices by federal, state, and local governments
16. What was a common characteristic about groups denied voting rights before the 15th, 19th and 26th amendments were ratified?
A. State legislatures could decide whether women, African-Americans and young people could vote.
B. The president could decide whether women, African-Americans and young people could vote.
C. Members of these groups were employed.D. Members of these groups had not graduated from college.
The chart below describes amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
Amendment Description
15 Right to vote not denied by race
19 Right to vote not denied to women
24 Right to vote not denied to those who could not pay a poll tax
26 Right to vote not denied to those 18-20 years old
17. How did these amendments affect participation in the American political process?
A. More citizens could vote.B. Fewer immigrants could vote.C. More candidates could be nominated.D. Fewer candidates could be confirmed.
18. How are 14th Amendment due process protections related to the Civil Rights Act of 1968?
A. Congress may not enact discriminatory housing statutes.B. Congress may not enact discriminatory employment policies. C. State legislatures may not enact discriminatory housing statutes.D. State legislatures may not enact discriminatory employment policies.
Application
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Activity
SS.7.C.3.12 - Analyze the significance and outcomes of landmark Supreme Court cases including, but not limited to, Marbury v.
Madison, Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, Gideon v. Wainwright, Miranda v. Arizona, in re Gault, Tinker v. Des Moines, Hazelwood v. Kuhlmier, United States v. Nixon, and Bush v. Gore.
Vocabulary
Arbiter aa person with the power to decide a dispute
Equal Protection
Clause
the section of the 14th Amendment that says the states must apply the law equally and cannot discriminate against citizen or groups of citizens
Executive privilege
the belief that the conversations between the presidents and his or her aides are confidential
Judicial opinion
a judgement by a court
Judicial review
the power of the U.S. courts to examine the laws or actions of the legislative and executive branches of the government and to determine whether such actions are consistent with the U.S. Constitution
Juvenile Rights
rights of people under age 18
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Landmark an important or unique decision, event, fact, or discovery
Legal equality the concept that everyone is equal in the eyes of the law
Legal precedent
a judicial decision that is used as an example in dealing with later, similar cases
Prosecute to carry on a legal action against an accused person to prove his or her guilt
Rights of the accused the rights included in the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments:
protection from unreasonable search and seizureprotection against double jeopardy protection from self-incriminationright to due process right to a speedy right to a public trialright to a trial by juryright to be informed of criminal charges right to be confronted by adverse witnessesright to an attorney, protection from self-incrimination
Segregation the separation of people, such as segregation based on race
Self-incrimination
the right in the Fifth Amendment that protects a person from being forced to reveal to the police, prosecutor, judge, or jury any information that might subject him or her to criminal prosecution
Separation of powers
he structure of the federal government, according to the U.S. Constitution, that sets up three branches with their own distinct powers and responsibilities
Supremacy Clause
the clause that states that the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that national laws are supreme over state laws, found in Article VI
Unanimous in complete agreement
Supreme Court Cases
Brown v. Board of
Education
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that “separate but equal” segregation was not equal in public education
Bush v. Gore U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that states cannot violate the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment when undertaking election recounts.
District of Columbia v.
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld that the Second Amendment protects an individual’s right to possess a firearm
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Heller
Gideon v. Wainwright
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the Sixth Amendment right that all defendants must be appointed a lawyer if they cannot afford their own attorney
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that the First Amendment does not protect all types of student speech in school
In re gault U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that juvenile court must comply with the Fourteenth Amendment
Marbury v. Madison
U.S. Supreme Court case that established judicial review
Miranda v. Arizona
U.S. Supreme Court cases that upheld the Fifth Amendment protection from self-incrimination
Plessy v. Ferguson
U.S. Supreme Court case that determined that “separate but equal” segregation was not discrimination
Tinker v. Des Moines
U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld a student’s First Amendment right to engage in symbolic speech in school
United States v. Nixon
Supreme Court case that limited executive privilege
19. In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the Florida Supreme Court's plan for recounting ballots violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
A. Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)B. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)C. U.S. v. Nixon (1974)D. Bush v. Gore (2000)
20. Following the 1966 Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona, police began informing people placed under arrest that they "have the right to remain silent." What basic freedom is this meant to protect, and how does it affect arrested individuals?
A. The right to freedom of speech; it provides them with the ability to speak to their attorneys without fear of incrimination.
B. The protection against self-incrimination; it informs them that speaking to law enforcement could incriminate them.
C. The protection of due process; it prevents convicted offenders from receiving cruel and unusual punishments.
D. The right to freedom of assembly; it prevents law enforcement from asking them questions without the presence of an attorney.
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21. What lessons did future U.S. leaders learn from the 1974 U.S. Supreme Court case United States v. Nixon?
A. The president is accountable for obeying the law.B. The president is responsible for enforcing the law.C. The president is not allowed to hold secret talks with foreign
governments.D. The president is not allowed to have private meetings with Cabinet
members.
Application Activity
Government Policies and Political Processes
SS.7.C.2.8 - Identify America's current political parties, and illustrate their ideas about government.
Vocabulary
Democratic Party
Liberal; left; tax the rich and assist the poor; social programs; big government
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Libertarian Party
Limited government
Republican Party
Conservative; right; family values; lower taxes; smaller government
Socialist/Communist
Party
Equal wealth for all
1. Which spending increase would the Democratic Party likely support?A. Homeland security B. Space explorationC. EducationD. Military
The statement below is from a political party platform.
We, the workers and our allies, need to take power from the hands of the wealthy few, their corporations, and their political operatives.
2. Which political party’s position is represented in the statement?A. CommunistB. DemocraticC. RepublicanD. Socialist
The conversation below is part of a political discussion. --------------------------- Lou: I am going to vote for the candidate who will support cutting government spending. Bob: Yes, we spend too much on some programs. ---------------------------3. Which party’s candidates are these voters most likely to support?
A. DemocraticB. GreenC. RepublicanD. Socialist
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.2.9 - Evaluate candidates for political office by analyzing their qualifications, experience, issue-based platforms, debates, and
political ads.
Vocabulary
Evaluate Candidates based on:
Qualifications, Experience, Issue-based platforms, Debates, Political ads
Requirements to run for President
35 years old, live in US for 14 years, born in the US
4. Which is a constitutional requirement to run for Congress?A. U.S. permanent residentB. At least 25 years oldC. At least 30 years oldD. U.S. citizen
5. Why might this have been a difficult election for Richards to win? A. Richards is a homeowner.B. Richards is a party leader.C. Richards has less political experience than his opponent.
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D. Richards has less employment experience than his opponent.
The poster below is from a recent election.
Doug is pro-immigration!Doug is pro-military!
Vote for Doug6. Based on the poster, what conclusion can be drawn about the candidate?
A. Doug is running for judge.B. Doug is running for mayor.C. Doug is running for president.D. Doug is running for city council.
Application Activity
SS.7.C.2.10 - Examine the impact of media, individuals, and interest groups on monitoring and influencing government.
Vocabulary
Bias Favoring one side over the other
PAC Political action committee; an organization established by a corporation, labor union, or other special interest group designed to support candidates by contributing money
Special interest group
An organization that tries to influence the government
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Watchdog People and organizations that watch over the party in power so that they do not abuse or misuse their power
7. Who do lobbyists represent in their attempts to influence government? A. Military officersB. Elected officialsC. Interest groupsD. Circuit judges
8. Which example represents the media acting as watchdog? A. A journalist discovers that an office holder held a hearing.B. A journalist discovers that an office holder accepted a bribe.C. A journalist discovers that an office holder decided to retire.D. A journalist discovers that an office holder voted against a bill.
The statements below are taken from a government document.
Executive Order 13490 -- Ethics Commitments
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America…, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. Ethics Pledge. Every appointee in every executive agency appointed on or after January 20, 2009, shall sign…and…pledge…
As a condition, and in consideration, of my employment in the United States Government in a position invested with the public trust, I commit myself to the following obligations…
I will not accept gifts from registered lobbyists or lobbying organizations for the duration of my service as an appointee.
Source: The White House9. According to the statements, what impact have lobbyists had on government?
A. Lobbyists impact how the media endorse elected officials.B. Lobbyists impact how individuals use the media.C. Lobbyists impact congressional lawmaking.D. Lobbyists impact judicial decision making.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.2.11 - Analyze media and political communications (bias, symbolism, propaganda).
Vocabulary
Propaganda A system to spread ideas
Bias Favoring one side over the other
Symbolism The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualitiesEx: the Statue of Liberty is a symbol for the United States
10. Which source would give the most accurate information about the views held by an incumbent running for Congress?
A. Special interest group ratings of that Congress memberB. A television commercial sponsored by a political partyC. The voting record of the candidate while in Congress D. Flyers sent through the mail by the candidate
The passage below is from a U.S. Supreme Court decision.
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has for many years imposed …a “fairness doctrine,” requiring that public issues be presented by broadcasters and that each side of those issues be given fair coverage.
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Source: Red Lion Broadcasting Co., Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission (1969)
11. Based on the passage, what is a goal of the FCC regulation?
A. To limit bias in political communicationB. To promote bias in political communicationC. To limit symbolism in political communicationD. To promote symbolism in political communication
The poster below was used in a presidential campaign.
Source: Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives
12. Which government action would this presidential candidate likely support?
A. An executive order requiring that executive branch employees complete their work in an honest manner
B. An executive order requiring that executive branch agencies guarantee equal employment opportunity
C. An executive order requiring that executive agencies work together to coordinate ocean-related matters
D. An executive order requiring that a commission be established focusing on Central America
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.2.13 - Examine multiple perspectives on public and current issues.
Vocabulary
editorial an opinion based item generated by the editor or editorial board of a newspaper or other media.
issue a subject that is under debate by two or more parties
nonprofit organization
a group organized on a local, national or international level to perform a variety of services related to an issue or variety of issues; funding goes toward the issue instead of making a profit
perspective point of view
political party an organization that tries to get political power by electing members to public office so that their political ideas can become laws or policies
special interest group
a group of people who are concerned with a particular issue and who try to influence legislators to act in their favor, also known as an interest group
13. Which option represents a way that multiple perspectives are reflected in political participation?
A. Public meetingsB. Press conferenceC. Legislative sessionsD. State of the Union address
14. Which option reflects a long term policy goal?
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A. Collecting canned food to give to the poorB. Collecting signatures to run for public officeC. Collecting soap and shampoo to send overseasD. Collecting signatures to put an amendment on the ballot
Below are views about the minimum wage.
15. Which of the following groups would most likely influence public perspectives on this debate?
A. A group of labor union membersB. A group of environmentalistsC. A group of teachersD. A group of women voters
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.4.1 - Differentiate concepts related to United States domestic and foreign policy.
Vocabulary
Secretary of State
After the President; the top person who deals with foreign affairs for the US
Treaty An agreement between two or more nations
Ambassador official member of a government who represents his country in a foreign nation
Diplomacy/Diplomat
Talking things out instead of using military action/a person who uses diplomacy
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement: Mexico, USA, Canada
Non-Governmental Organizations
(NGO)
A group that gets involved in international affairs to protect human rights, improve living conditions, promote peace, protect the environment, etc.
Domestic Affairs v. Foreign Affairs
Domestic – homeForeign – other countries
International Relations
Refers to how nations interact with one another
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization; US and its allies; Created after World War 2
Doctrine A strong statement of a belief
16. What is a responsibility of the U.S. Senate in foreign policy?A. Nominating ambassadorsB. Introducing tax billsC. Negotiating treatiesD. Ratifying treaties
17. Which action is an example of a foreign-policy decision?A. Congress increased providing support to newly arrived immigrants.B. The president requested a law to regulate pollution near international
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borders.C. Congress raised educational standards to make students
competitive in a global market.D. The president signed an executive order restoring relations with a
communist government.
Below is a graph about high school graduation rates in the United States.
18. Which long term domestic policy goal is reflected in the graph?A. Career preparationB. Physical fitnessC. Racial equalityD. Public safety
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.4.2 - Recognize government and citizen participation in international organizations.
Vocabulary
International Red
Cross/Red Crescent
A humanitarian NGO that provides medical treatment to people all over the world
UN United Nations is the organization where all nations meet and attempt to work out differences diplomatically (The UN also has UNICEF and The World Court)
UNICEF United Nations Children’s FundA UN effort to assist needy children throughout the world
World Court A court that tries people for international crimes and crimes against humanity
WTO World Trade Organization; an organization of nations who make trade agreements
19. The U.S. government is a member of which organization?A. United NationsB. European UnionC. World Wildlife FundD. International Red Cross
The statement below is from Executive Order 10924, President John F. Kennedy, March 1, 1961.
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20. What opportunities does the executive order create for citizens and the government?
A. To provide for the common defenseB. To establish domestic tranquilityC. To advance the common goodD. To administer justice
The graph below shows participation in international organizations.
21. What conclusion about international NGOs can be drawn from the graph?
A. They have decreased community involvement.B. They have increased democratic participation.C. They have maintained world peace.D. They have strengthened terrorism.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.4.3 - Describe examples of how the United States has dealt with international conflicts.
Vocabulary
World War 1 US remained isolated until three years into the war; Allies: Russia, France, UKUSA wins
World War 2 US remained isolated until Pearl Harbor; Allies: USSR, UK, FranceUSA wins
Korean War US supported the democratic south against the Chinese supported communist north; Result: stalemate; country is divided between north and south
Vietnam War US supported the democratic south against the communist northResult: US loses and all of Vietnam becomes communist
Bay of Pigs US trains Cuban refugees to invade Cuba and defeat Castro’s communist government; Result: the US trained refugees fail and Cuba fears a US invasion
Cuban Missile Crisis
USSR gives Cuba nuclear missilesResult: After a tense standoff, the US and USSR make a peaceful agreement
Iran Hostage Crisis
Over 60 Americans were held hostage by the Iranian revolutionariesThey were released when Reagan was inaugurated
Persian Gulf War
Iraq invades Kuwait; The US leads forces and drives Iraq out of Kuwait
War with Afghanistan
After 9/11 the US invades Afghanistan to hunt down Al Qaeda, bin Laden, and the Taliban
Invasion of Iraq 2003
The US invades Iraq to search for weapons of mass destruction – more specifically, chemical weapons
22. During which conflict did the U.S. declare war on Japan?A. Korean WarB. Vietnam War?C. World War ID. World War II
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23. A country with very strong economic ties to the United States is allowing human rights violations to take place. Based on U.S. foreign policy, which is an appropriate first response?
A. Initiate a trade banB. Initiate public protestsC. Initiate diplomatic talksD. Initiate a military operation
The statement below was made by President Barack Obama on August 18, 2011.
24. What is the relationship between President Obama's statement and U.S. involvement in Syrian political affairs?
A. Development of diplomatic alliancesB. Support for the rule of lawC. Economic developmentD. Conflict resolution
Application Activity
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Organization and Function of Government
SS.7.C.3.1 - Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism, communism,
monarchy, oligarchy, autocracy).
Vocabulary
Direct Democracy
people vote for everything (laws; leader)
Representative Democracy
people vote for representatives who then make laws and decisions on their behalf
Socialism A system where the government controls most of the means of production and wealth is distributed evenly
Communism A system where all the means of production are owned and shared equally by the people
Monarchy Monarchy – government with a king/queenAbsolute Monarchy – the king/queen has complete control
Oligarchy Rule by a few
Autocracy Rule by one
Republic A government where individual states come together as one
Legislature A group that makes laws
Congress The legislature of the United States
Study the chart below and then answer question 1.
1. According to Karl Marx, the workers of the world would unite and overthrow the wealthy and eventually implement which system?
A. CommunismB. FederalismC. Monarchy
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Socialism is put in place
Capitalism is overthrown
Money becomes obsolete
Worker Revolution
?
D. Autocracy
2. What do an absolute monarchy and an autocracy have in common? A. Single ruler B. Written constitution C. National court system D. Single legislative house
3. What is a government that is run by the people, either directly or indirectly?
A. DemocracyB. OligarchyC. AutocracyD. Communism
Application Activity
SS.7.C.3.2 - Compare parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government.
Vocabulary
Federal A government that has a central authority as a higher power over states
Parliamentary Has a prime minister; executive and legislative branches are combined
Confederal States have more power than the central government
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Unitary Legislative, executive, and judicial powers are not separated – they are all held by one person or group
4. Which statement completes the diagram?A. In a confederal system, city governments have the most power.B. In a confederal system, international associations have the most power.C. In a confederal system, state governments have the most power.D. In a confederal system, the people have the most power.
The excerpt below is from a constitution of a foreign nation.
When requested by the National Assembly (legislature) or its committees, the Prime Minister…(has) to attend any meeting of the National Assembly and answer questions.5. Which type of government is evident in the excerpt above?
A. SocialismB. ConfederalC. ParliamentaryD. Dictatorship
6. Which government system combines the legislative and executive powers into one body?
A. UnitaryB. FederalC. DemocracyD. Republic
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Application Activity
SS.7.C.3.3 - Illustrate the structure and function (three branches of government established in Articles I, II, and III with corresponding powers) of government in the United States as established in the
Constitution.
Vocabulary
coining money
the power of the legislative branch to print money (coins and bills) for use
declaration of war
The power of congress to vote to go to war with another country
elastic clause the power of Congress to pass all laws they deem necessary and proper for carrying out its enumerated powers (also known as implied powers)
foreign relations
The power of the executive branch to decide on the United States dealing with other countries in order to achieve national goals
implied powers
powers not written in the U.S. Constitution but are necessary and proper in order for the federal government to carry out the expressed powers
enumerated or delegated
powers
The power specifically named and assigned to the federal government to carry out the expressed powers
original jurisdiction
the power of a court to be the first to hear a case on a specific topic
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pardon The formal act of forgiving someone or excusing a mistake
veto a decision by an executive authority such as a president or governor to reject a proposed law or statute
congress the national legislative body of the U.S., consisting of the Senate, or upper house, and the House of Representatives, or lower house
impeach to bring formal charges of wrongdoing against a public official (such as the U.S. President)
expressed powers
Power that the U.S. Congress has that is specifically listed in the Constitution
non-legislative
power
Duty Congress holds besides lawmaking
7. Which branch of federal government makes laws?
A. BureaucracyB. ExecutiveC. JudicialD. Legislative
The newspaper headline below describes an event in U.S. history.
8. Which parts of the national government participated in the process described in the newspaper headline?
A. Senate and PresidentB. Supreme Court and PresidentC. House of Representatives and SenateD. Supreme Court and House of Representatives
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The statement below is from a congressional document, July 27, 1974.
9. How have similar statements influenced modern congressional actions?A. Presidential impeachmentB. Presidential nominationC. Presidential electionD. Presidential veto
Application Activity
SS.7.C.3.4 - Identify the relationship and division of powers between the federal government and state governments.
Vocabulary
concurrent powers
powers shared by the national, state, and/or local government
delegated the powers specifically named and assigned to the federal government or
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powers prohibited to be exercised by the states under the U.S. Constitution, also known as enumerated powers
enumerated powers
the powers specifically named and assigned to the federal government or prohibited to be exercised by the states under the U.S. Constitution, also known as delegated powers
federal government
the national level of government; the government of the United States
federalism system of government in which power is divided and shared between national, state, and local governments
local government
the government of a municipality (city) or county
reserved powers
powers that are not granted to the federal government that belong to (are reserved for) the states and the people, see Tenth Amendment
state government
the government of an individual state
Supremacy Clause
the clause that states that the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land, and that national laws are supreme over state laws, found in Article VI (six)
10th Amendment
the final amendment in the Bill of Rights, it states: ”The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
10. Which constitutional provision forbids conflict between state and federal laws?
A. Supremacy clauseB. Habeas corpusC. Elastic clauseD. Ex post facto
11. Which is an example of a Tenth Amendment issue?A. State governments oversee public schoolsB. State governments coin moneyC. National governments make treatiesD. National governments declare war
The map below describes the number of people on death row in the United States as of 2012.
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Source: Adapted from the Death Penalty Information Center12. What constitutional relationship does the map illustrate?
A. Enumerated powersB. Concurrent powersC. Delegated powersD. Reserved powers
Application Activity
SS.7.C.3.5 - Explain the Constitutional amendment process.
Vocabulary
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amendment a change to a constitution (e.g., U.S. Constitution, Florida Constitution)
caucus A meeting to select a candidate or promote a policy
ratify To confirm by expression consent or approval
rescind To officially cancel or overturn
13. Which government institution may vote on constitutional amendments? A. BureaucracyB. ExecutiveC. Judicial D. Legislative
The newspaper headline below describes an event in U.S. history.
Source: Anti-Saloon League Museum
14. Based on the headline, what happened before the event presented in the image?
A. Two-thirds of each house of Congress voted to support the amendment.
B. The president rejected the amendment after Congress voted to support it.
C. Three-fourths of each house of Congress voted to support the amendment.
D. The president forwarded the amendment to the states after Congress voted to support it.
The passage below is from an 1848 speech by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
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In the United States of America women [are] unrepresented in this government—
our rights and interests wholly overlooked.
Source: Public Domain
15. Based on the passage, which action in the modern political system would Elizabeth Cady Stanton support?
A. Amending the U.S. Constitution to extend suffrageB. Amending the U.S. Constitution to guarantee due processC. Congress enacting a law limiting freedom of speech rightsD. Congress enacting a law limiting freedom of association rights
Application Activity
SS.7.C.3.8 - Analyze the structure, functions, and processes of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Vocabulary
ambassador a person sent as the chief representative of his or her own government to another country
bicameral having two chambers (e.g. the two houses of Congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives)
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bill a proposal for a law
cabinet people appointed by the president to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers to the president
committee a group of House or Senate (or both) members that discusses and debates proposed bills; they may also discuss issues of interest to the country
executive order
an order that comes from the U.S. President or a government agency and must be obeyed like a law
majority leader
a position where a Member of Congress is elected by the majority party to serve as the chief spokesperson for that party and to manage and schedule
the business of either house
minority leader
a position where a member of Congress is elected by the minority party to serve as the chief spokesperson for the party and to support the majority
party in managing and scheduling the business of either house
president the head of the executive branch
President pro tempore of the Senate
the person who presides over the Senate when the Vice President is not present
Speaker of the House
an office identified in Article I, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution; the leader of the U.S. House of Representatives, usually the highest ranking member
of the majority party
U.S Representative
a member of the U.S House of Representatives; representatives are elected in districts throughout each state
U.S. Senate the upper house of the U.S. Congress
U.S. Senator a member of the U.S. Senate elected to represent an entire state; there are two senators per state
U.S. Supreme Court
the highest court of the United States; it sits at the top of the federal court system
Congress the national legislative body of the U.S., consisting of the Senate, or upper house, and the House of Representatives, or lower house
executive branch
the branch of government that enforces the laws made by the legislative branch
federalism a system of government in which power is divided and shared between national, state, and local government
judicial the branch of government that interprets the laws made by the legislative
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branch branch
legislative branch
the branch of government that creates laws
U.S. House of Representativ
es
the lower house of the U.S. Congress
The diagram below shows some of the steps involved in creating a Florida state law.
16. What is the next step in the lawmaking process?
A. The governor signs the bill into law.B. The bill goes to the Senate for action.C. The people vote on the bill in an election.D. The bill goes to the Supreme Court for a hearing.
17. What do the highest courts of Florida and the United States have in common?
A. Both have the same number of justices.B. Both have chief justices.C. Justices serve for life with good behavior.D. Justices serve for set terms of office.
The table below describes presidential vetoes.
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18. Based on the table, how has the legislative process been impacted by presidential vetoes?
A. The president's' views are not reflected in public policy.B. The president's' views are reflected in public policy.C. Congress represents the will of the people.D. Congress represents the will of the states.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.3.11 - Diagram the levels, functions, and powers of courts at the state and federal levels.
Vocabulary
appeal a request, made after a trial, asking a higher court to decide whether that trial was conducted properly
appellate court
any court that has the power to hear appeals from lower courts
circuit courts a court for a defined region of a state (usually including several counties) that has specific divisions and hears cases involving more serious crimes (felonies) and civil cases involving large amounts of money (more than $1000)
county courts a court that hears both civil and criminal cases involving less serious crimes or minor issues for one specific county
judicial review the power of the judicial branch to review the actions of the executive and legislative branches and determine whether or not they are unconstitutional (this includes laws passed by Congress); the U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison established this power
jurisdiction the right and power for courts to hear a case, interpret and apply the law
jury a group of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law
trial court the local, state, or federal court that is the first to hear a civil or criminal case; involves a hearing and decision with a single judge, with or without a jury
U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals
the courts where parties who are dissatisfied with the judgment of a U.S. District court may take their case
U.S. Supreme Court
the highest court of the United States; it sits at the top of the federal court system
19. What is the correct order of Florida's courts, from lowest to highest authority?
A. Circuit courts, Florida Supreme Court, county courts, District Court of Appeals
B. County courts, circuit courts, District Court of Appeals, Florida Supreme Court
C. District Court of Appeals, Florida Supreme Court, county courts,
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circuit courtsD. Florida Supreme Court, circuit courts, District Court of Appeals,
county courts
The diagram below provides details about the U.S. court system.
20. Which court completes the diagram?A. Court of Veterans AppealsB. Court of AppealsC. Military CourtsD. Claims Courts
The graph below describes appeals filed by type of appeal in the U.S. Courts of Appeals, 1990-2010.
21. Based on the graph, what conclusion can be drawn about court cases in the U.S.?
A. More civil cases are being filed without legal representation.B. More criminal cases are being filed without legal representation.C. More criminal actions are being dropped before trial.D. More civil actions are being dropped before trial.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.3.13 - Compare the constitutions of the United States and Florida.
Vocabulary
amendment a change to a constitution (e.g., U.S. Constitution, Florida Constitution)
article a numbered chapter or section of a contract, treaty, or constitution
authority the power to direct the actions of people or to make decisions
constitution the basic principles and laws of a nation or state that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it; usually a written document
Florida Declaration of Rights
the part of the Florida Constitution that lists the basic rights guaranteed to all citizens who live in the state
22. Which part of the Florida Constitution protects individual rights?A. Declaration of RightsB. Bill of RightsC. AmendmentsD. Preamble
23. Which statement describes a similarity between the Florida Constitution and the U.S. Constitution?
A. Neither protects individual rightsB. Both include an amendment processC. Neither provides for a chief executiveD. Both include a nine member Supreme Court
The headline below describes an action by citizens.
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24. What conclusion can be drawn from the headline?A. Citizens can be directly involved in policy making. B. Citizens can be involved in policy making through their
representatives.C. Only elected officials may change constitutions.D. Only elected officials make policy.
Application Activity
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SS.7.C.3.14 - Differentiate between local, state, and federal governments' obligations and services.
Vocabulary
concurrent powers
powers shared by the national, state, and/or local government
expressed or enumerated powers
the powers specifically given to the federal government, also known as delegated powers; they may not be used by state government
federal government
the national level of government; the government of the United States
federalism a system of government in which power is divided and shared between national, state, and local government
implied powers
powers not written in the U.S. Constitution but are necessary and proper in order for the federal government to carry out the expressed powers
inherent powers
powers not listed in the U.S. Constitution but are necessary for the federal government to function
local government
the governing body of a municipality or county
reserved powers
powers that are not granted to the federal government that belong to (are reserved for) the states and the people
state government
the government of an individual state
Tenth Amendment
the final amendment in the Bill of Rights, it states: ”The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”
A Florida homeowner received the notice below in the mail: Trash collection will change from Wednesdays to Thursdays beginning January 1, 2016
25. The homeowner was upset by the notice and decided to write a letter to a public official responsible for providing the service. To which public official would the homeowner write the letter?
A. U.S. PresidentB. U.S. SenatorC. State Representative
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D. County Commissioner
The statement below was made during a speech by President Barack Obama on September 9, 2009.
26. According to the statements, which power did President Obama ask Congress to exercise?
A. Confirm Supreme Court appointmentsB. Confirm Cabinet appointmentsC. Lay and collect taxesD. Declare war
The statement below is from a document.
27. What conclusion can be drawn from the statement?A. It is illegal to suspend trash collection.B. It is illegal to suspend police services.C. It is illegal to suspend mail delivery.D. It is illegal to suspend fire services.
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