The Culture of Healthcare Health Professionals – The People in Healthcare Lecture a This material (Comp2_Unit2a) was developed by Oregon Health and Science

The Culture of Healthcare

Health Professionals – The People in Healthcare

Lecture a

This material (Comp2_Unit2a) was developed by Oregon Health and Science University, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information

Technology under Award Number IU24OC000015.


Learning Objectives

• Define terms used in healthcare including clinician, patient, disease, and syndrome and in health professionals’ education and training. (Lecture a)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of physicians including those in primary care and other specialties. (Lecture a)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of nurses, advanced practice nurses, LPNs, MAs and Medication Aids. (Lecture b)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of physician assistants, pharmacists, therapists, allied health professionals. (Lecture c)

• Describe the education, training, certification, licensure and roles of paramedics, EMTs, dental professionals, mental health professionals, and social workers. (Lecture c)

2Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

The Culture of Healthcare Health Professionals – The People in Healthcare

Lecture a

Terminology(Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary - Medline Plus, 2010)

• Health Professional: Many professions provide care to the sick and injured, this includes pre-hospital, hospital, outpatient, home and extended care.

• Patient: Anyone who seeks medical services



Lecture a

Terminology (continued)

• Clinician: “an individual qualified in the clinical practice of medicine, psychiatry, or psychology as distinguished from one specializing in laboratory or research techniques or in theory”



Lecture a


• Disease: an impairment of a specific structure or function of the body which produces symptoms and physical findings. Usually attributable to a specific cause such as bacterial causing pneumonia.

• Syndrome: A combination of symptoms and physical findings not easily attributable to a specific cause. An example is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome which is pain, burning and numbness in the hand.



Lecture a


• Education– Formal lecture and learning activities including

simulation and patient contact– Depending on the health profession may be on the

job training, a certificate, associate degree, bachelor’s degree, Master’s Degree, or Doctoral Degree

• Training– Supervised clinical practice. Often has

increasing level of responsibility with time



Lecture a

Terminology (continued)• Certification has several meanings

– Education/Training Certificate program usually one year, e.g.. Medical Assistant

– Certification by a national health profession organization usually requires completion of an accredited program and an exam, e.g. Radiologic Technologist. Physicians are considered Board Certified in a specialty or subspecialty by completion of an approved residency/fellowship and a board exam.

– Same states use certification as mechanism regulated clinical practice



Lecture a

Physician

Figure 2.1 (Hickman, 2010) Used with Permission.



Lecture a

Physician

• Certification– Completion of an approved residency or fellowship

program– Must have a valid licenses to practice– Must complete a written and/or practical exam in that

specialty or subspecialty– Maintenance of Certification

• Licensure– State– Reciprocity



Lecture a

Primary Care Specialties

• Family Medicine• Internal Medicine• Pediatrics• Obstetrics• Primary Care Delivered by Default

– Emergency Medicine– Specialties



Lecture a

Common Internal Medicine Specialties and Subspecialties

• Cardiovascular Disease• Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism• Gastroenterology• Geriatric Medicine• Hematology and Oncology• Infectious Disease• Nephrology• Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine• Rheumatology



Lecture a

Surgical Subspecialties

• Cardiovascular Surgery• Colon and Rectal Surgery• Neurosurgery• Orthopedic Surgery• Otolaryngology• Pediatric Surgery• Plastic Surgery• Urology



Lecture a

Other Specialties

• Radiology– Diagnostic– Neuroradiology– Interventional– Pediatric– Radiation Oncology– Nuclear Radiology



Lecture a

Pathology

• Blood Banking/Transfusion Medicine• Cytopathology• Forensic Pathology• Laboratory Medicine• Pediatric Pathology



Lecture a

Non-Clinical Roles of Physicians

• Administration• Teaching• Research• Public Health• Health and Biomedical Informatics• Publishing



Lecture a


Summary – Lecture a

• Some useful healthcare terminology was explained

• Education, Training, Certification and Licensure of Physicians was described

• Primary care roles of Physicians was described• We examined some of specialty, subspecialty

and non-clinical roles of Physicians



Lecture a


References – Lecture aReferences

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. (2010). Number of accredited programs for the current academic year (2010-2011). Retrieved from http://www.acgme.org/adspublic/reports/accredited_programs.asp

American Board of Medical Specialties. (2010). How a physician becomes board certified. Retrieved from http://www.abms.org/Who_We_Help/Consumers/process.aspx

American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions. Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care.shtml

American Medical Association. (2010).Careers in healthcare Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/directory.shtml

American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions associations. Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-associations.shtml

American Medical Association. (2010). Health professions education accrediting agencies. Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-education.shtml

American Medical Association. (2010). Health care income ranges. Retrieved from http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-care-income.shtml

Explore Healthcareers. (2010). Career explorer. Retrieved from http://www.explorehealthcareers.org/en/index.aspx

Healthcareers in Michgan. (2010). Health careers videos. Retrieved from http://www.michigan.gov/healthcareers/0,1607,7-221-39742_39457---,00.html



Lecture a

http://www.acgme.org/adspublic/reports/accredited_programs.asp

http://www.abms.org/Who_We_Help/Consumers/process.aspx

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/directory.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-associations.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-professions-education.shtml

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/education-careers/careers-health-care/health-care-income.shtml

http://www.explorehealthcareers.org/en/index.aspx

http://www.michigan.gov/healthcareers/0,1607,7-221-39742_39457---,00.html


References – Lecture a (continued)

Reference (continued)

HRSA: Bureau of Health Professions. (2010). National center for health workforce analysis: health workforce personnel factbook. Retrieved from http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/reports/factbook.htm

Medline Plus. (2010). Health occupations. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/healthoccupations.html

Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. (2010) (various terminology definitions) Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/mplusdictionary.html

National Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/feature/index.htm

National Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers.. Alphabetical list. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/alpha.htm

National Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. Education requirements. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/education.htm

National Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. Interest area. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/interestarea.htm

National Institutes of Health. (2010). Office of science education lifeworks®: explore health and medical science careers. Median salary. Retrieved from http://science.education.nih.gov/LifeWorks.nsf/salary.htm



Lecture a

Charts, Tables, Figures

2.1 Figure Hickman, T. (2010) Retrieved from author, Used with Permission.

http://bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/reports/factbook.htm

Documents

The Culture of Healthcare Health Professionals – The People in Healthcare Lecture a This material (Comp2_Unit2a) was developed by Oregon Health and Science