The Cultural Geography of Europe. Northern Europe Key Terms: Immigrant Refugee Middle Ages Feudalism...
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The Cultural Geography of Europe
The Cultural Geography of Europe. Northern Europe Key Terms: Immigrant Refugee Middle Ages Feudalism Reformation Enlightenment Industrial Revolution Industrial
Northern Europe Key Terms: Immigrant Refugee Middle Ages
Feudalism Reformation Enlightenment Industrial Revolution
Industrial Capitalism Communism Cold War European Union Welfare
State Romanticism
Slide 3
Northern Europe (cont) Main Point: Industrialized and
successful economies Population Patterns Influenced by migration of
distinct ethnic groups Over 160 ethnic groups in Northern Europe
The people British Isles- England, Wales, Scotland, N. Ireland Most
live in United Kingdom and Ireland Early Celtic peoples- 2,500 to
3,000 Last 100 years- immigrants from South Asia and West
Indies
Slide 4
The People: Northern Europe (cont) Refugees- flee home country
for safety reasons Many to GB during and after WWII Swedes,
Norwegians, and Danes Different languages; common Germanic heritage
Similar ways of life Eastern European influences Reshaping of the
Scandinavian cultures
Slide 5
Density and Distribution U.K.- most densely populated 60
million = 635 per sq. mi. Scandinavia Low pop. density;
inhospitable terrain Internal migration Rural to urban Job seekers
Most important cities drive economies U.K.- London (7 million
people) Sweden- Stockholm (1.7 million people) Denmark- Copenhagen
(popular tourist destination)
Slide 6
Population Density
Slide 7
History and Government Culture has fueled Northern Europeans to
create powerful governments and economies Earliest inhabitants from
mainland Europe over 500,000 years ago 55 BC to 1066 AD Romans took
Britain; brought Christianity 500 to 1500 AD Middle Ages Feudalism-
lords gave lands to vassals as a reward for their loyalty 1500s
Reformation Reduction of power of Catholic Church Powerful church
unwelcome
Slide 8
CHANGE Enlightenment- rebirth of reason 1600s- England issued
their Bill of Rights Industrial Revolution Machinery = production
Industrial capitalism = profit used to expand companies Poor class
= communism = equality and ownership of factors of production New
Era European Union Free movement of goods, services, and workers to
member nations
Slide 9
Culture: Northern Europe Old traditions influence daily life
Language and Religion Indo-European languages (Swedish and English)
Freedom of religion (mostly Protestant) Education and Healthcare
Have the most educated populations in the world 100% literacy rate
HC provided by the welfare state- govt funded The Arts Shakespeare
shaped the literary world 1700s- romanticism- writing to stir
emotions and feeling Denmark- Hans Christian Anderson
Slide 10
Western Europe Key Terms: Guest Worker Crusades Reparations
Holocaust Realism Impressionist
Slide 11
Western Europe Idea: Western Europe influenced by its location,
history, and revolutionary role in world events Population
Patterns: Shaped by physical geography, migration, and world events
Welcomed many ethnicities 1950s- guest workers- work in a foreign
country to encourage economic growth
Slide 12
Density and Distribution Mostly densely populated Most live in
cities Germany- most populous- 82.5 million 598 per sq. mi.
Netherlands and Belgium Most densely populated b/c of small land
areas Trend Migration to mostly urban areas
Slide 13
Famous Cities: Western Europe Paris- capital of France Cultural
and Economic center Brussels- Belgium Commercial Center and
administrative center of the European Union Amsterdam Capital of
the Netherlands Famed for its canals, art, and atmosphere of
tolerance
Slide 14
Paris, Brussels, and Amsterdam
Slide 15
History and Government Shaped by early civilization,
revolutions, and world wars Early People Celts, Romans, Basques,
and Frisians Rise of Western Europe Began with Charlemagne (786 to
814 AD) Renaissance- 1400s = Greek and Roman revival 1500s-
Reformation
Slide 16
Change: Western Europe Thirty Years War- France emerged
victorious and powerful 1700s- French Revolution (Enlightenment)
Prussia- rose to power in mid-1800s WWI- 1914-1918 Reparations-
payments for damages Combined with Germany taking all the blame for
WWI led to WWII WWII produced the Holocaust
Slide 17
A New Era: Western Europe Post-WW2- Germany divided into East
(communist) and West (democratic) 1950s Belgium, France, Italy,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany European Coal and
Steel Community (ECSC) Would become the EU in 1990
Slide 18
CULTURE Influenced by history, common values, and location as a
crossroads of European cultures and values Arts Realism- accurate
depiction of life and environment Impressionism- immediate
impressions of the world Language and Religion Indo European
languages Basques Euskera Religion- Catholic and Protestant
Slide 19
Culture (cont) Education and Healthcare 98-100% literacy rate
Education for all HC funded by the govt Family Life High standards
of living Aging population Generally more cultured
Slide 20
Realism and Impressionism
Slide 21
Southern Europe Key Terms: City-State Renaissance Main Idea:
Modernization and industrial powers with distinct cultural
identities
Slide 22
Population Patterns Unique cultures and history have shaped
population patterns People Descendants of prior civilizations
Italians- from Etruscan and Roman descent Spanish- Iberian descent
Catalonia- state of Andorra- origin of the Catalans Greeks-
descendants of Minoans and Mycenaean's
Slide 23
Southern Europe: Density and Distribution 58 million = 505 per
sq. mi. Italy- most populous of Southern Europe Spain- 208 per sq.
mi. Most live in coastal/industrial areas History of emigration
(moving away from home- country) Today- immigration; people moving
to urban areas
Slide 24
Prominent Cities Rome Capital of Italy Chief commercial center
Athens Capital of Greece Center of culture Madrid Capital of Spain
Center of Arts and Finance Milan Italy; manufacturing, commerce,
and finance Venice Italy: famous canals Lisbon Capital of
Portugal
Slide 25
History and Government Early civilizations, global trade, and
world events shaped Southern Europe Greek city-states (separate
communities linked by language and culture) Democracy 27- 180 AD
Romans and Constantinople 711- 1400s- Moors (Muslims) invaded Spain
and remained there Renaissance- 1300s and 1400s Colonization-
1400s
Slide 26
Winds of Change 1800s and 1900s Nationalism Spain and Portugal
lost their colonies Greece gained independence from Turkey WWI and
II Political and economic instability Today Democratically elected
governments Member nations of the EU
Slide 27
Southern European Culture Religion, the arts, and intellectual
traditions have shaped societies and governments Education 95%
literacy rate Compulsory education HC- varied; Spain has more
doctors per person than anywhere in Europe Greece- not too
successful
Slide 28
Culture (cont) Language and Religion Romance languages:
Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese Italy, Spain, and Portugal = Roman
Catholic Greece- Greek Orthodox Church Italy and Spain = growing
Muslim populations Arts and Leisure Columns, Arches, and Domes
DaVinci (1452-1519) Michelangelo (1475-1564) Soccer, Bullfighting
popular
Slide 29
Southern Europe: Pictures
Slide 30
Eastern Europe Key Terms: Balkanization Ethnic Cleansing Main
Idea Shaped by centuries of power struggles, and current growth in
economic strength
Slide 31
Eastern Europe: Population Patterns Physical geography,
migration, political and ethnic struggles People Ethnically Slavic
Divided into Slavs, Belarusians, Slovaks Central Eastern Europe
Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia,
Macedonia North Eastern Europe Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary,
Slovakia Eastern Europe Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Bulgaria
Slide 32
Density and Distribution Influenced by geography Ukraine and
Poland- fertile soil and ample water Ukraine- 47.1 million people
(202 per sq mi) People live in towns and cities Soviet end =
REBIRTH
Slide 33
History and Government Political, economic, and ethnic
struggles have shaped the history and govt of Eastern Europe Early
People Settled in Ukraine and Poland 400s-500s- moved westward
500s- Slavic Czechs to Bohemia 700s- Moravia settled 1400s- Ottoman
Empire Kiev most important settlement Romania established- b/t the
Carpathian Mts. & the Danube River
Slide 34
Union, Conflict, and Division History of power struggles and
division Balkan Peninsula Balkanization- division of a region into
smaller regions that are hostile to each other 1990s- ethnic
cleansing- wipe out of one ethnic group by another Kosovo
Crisis
Slide 35
A New Age: Eastern Europe 1950s to 1990s Revolts against
communism Democratically elected governments Today Stronger ties to
the EU
Slide 36
Culture in Eastern Europe Religious and ethnic conflict have
influenced culture Language and Religion Slavic- Polish and Czech
Baltic- Latvian and Lithuanian Religion Roman Catholicism Islam
Eastern Orthodoxy
Slide 37
Culture: (cont) Education and Healthcare High literacy rates
Mandatory and free schooling Arts and Leisure Folk and classical
music Literature- works of Franz Kafka Family Life Extended family
Winter sports and swimming Anything indoors (cold winters)