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The Culprits
The Famine of 1315-1317 Climate changes in Europe produced
three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain.
Caused many to starve One consequence of starvation &
povertywas susceptibility to disease.
1347: Plague Reaches
Constantinople!
The Symptoms
Bulbous
Septicemic Form:
almost 100% mortality rate.
From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411
The Disease CycleFlea drinks rat blood
that carries the bacteria.
Flea’s gut cloggedwith bacteria.
Bacteriamultiply inflea’s gut.
Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound.
Human is infected!
Person to Person transmission of plague is possible via large aerosol droplets (coughing of sneezing)
Medieval Art & the Plague
Medieval Art & the Plague
Bring out your dead!
Medieval Art & the Plague
An obsession with death.
Boccaccio in The Decameron
Boccaccio in The Decameron
The victims ate lunch with their friends and
dinner with their ancestors.
The Danse Macabre
Attempts to Stop the Plague
A Doctor’s Robe
“Leeching”
Lancing a Buboe
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Flagellanti:Self-inflicted “penance” for our
sins!
Attempts to Stop the PlaguePograms against the
Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle” obligatory badge
Death Triumphant !:A Major Artistic
Theme
A Little Macabre Ditty“A sickly season,” the
merchant said,“The town I left was filled with dead,and everywhere these queer red fliescrawled upon the corpses’ eyes,eating them away.”
“Fair make you sick,” the merchant said,“They crawled upon the wine and bread.Pale priests with oil and books,bulging eyes and crazy looks,dropping like the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (2)“I had to laugh,” the merchant
said,“The doctors purged, and dosed, and bled;“And proved through solemn disputation“The cause lay in some constellation.“Then they began to die.”
“First they sneezed,” the merchant said,“And then they turned the brightest red,Begged for water, then fell back.With bulging eyes and face turned black,they waited for the flies.”
A Little Macabre Ditty (3)“I came away,” the merchant
said,“You can’t do business with the dead.“So I’ve come here to ply my trade.“You’ll find this to be a fine brocade…”And then he sneezed……….!
The Mortality
Rate35% - 70%
25,000,000 dead !!!
What were thepolitical,
economic,and social
effectsof the Black
Death??
Hundred Years’ War
Hundred Years’ War• Fight between France and England
over the control of the French Throne, territory and English Channel
• War lasted from 1337-1453• The war started in May 1337 when
King Philip VI of France attempted to confiscate the English territories in the duchy of Aquitaine (located in Southwestern France).
• Early English victories because of better weapons technology (Long Bow)
Joan of Arc• Saint Joan of Arc or
The Maid of Orléans is considered a national heroine of France and a Catholic saint
• She led the French army to several important victories during the Hundred Years' War which paved the way for the coronation of King Charles VII of France.
Joan of Arc and end of war
• YouTube - Joan of Arc - Maid of Heaven Trailer with Music
• She was captured by the English and burned at the stake when she was nineteen years old.
• Hundred Years war ended in July 1453 when the French finally expelled the English from the continent (except for Calais).
Causes
• English Ruler want to retain French Lands.
• French Kings want to extend
their power.
• Both want to control the
English Channel.
• Both want to control trade.
Hundred Years’ War
• England wins battles due to
longbow.
• Joan of Arc leads French
Armies.
• Joan’s execution rallies
the French.
Effects• French Monarchs
grow stronger.
• English Parliament gains “power of
the purse.”
• English turn to trading ventures.
• Castles and knights cannot
stand up to cannon and
longbow.
• Monarchs need armies, not feudal
vassals.
Cause and Effects of the Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453))