Chapter 14

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The Crusades

CrusadesHoly LandPope Urban IISaladinRichard the Lion Hearted

Key Terms

Launching the Crusades Crusades- series of

religious warsHoly Land- Jerusalem

and the land around itJews their temple was

thereChristians- it was the

birth place of JesusChrist would only

return if Christians controlled Jerusalem

Muslims Control the Holy Land1000’s Muslims control

the Holy Land (Fatimids)

Turkish Muslims conquests in Europe

Stories of persecuting Christians

Turks attacked Byzantine Empire

1071 Turks destroy most of Byzantine army

The Council of ClermontEmperor of

Constantinople requests help with Turks

Pope Urban calls church leaders together at Claremont France

Called for Christian knights and nobles to come together to fight the Turks

Slogan “God wills it”

First Crusade1096 two groupsFirst group made up

of peasantsUnskilled warriors

did not do wellSome crusaders

attacked non Christians

Slaughtered entire Jewish communities

First CrusadePeasant quickly

beaten at Jerusalem by the Turks

Second group was knightsUnprepared for

hardshipLack of food and

waterSome knights

looted towns

First CrusadeTook 3 years to reach

JerusalemLaid siege to many

citiesSiege of Jerusalem

victory for CrusadersDisaster for city’s

inhabitantsCrusaders created

four statesChristian strongholds

Second CrusadeEdessa, Antioch,

Tripoli, Jerusalem1144 Turks capture

EdessaEuropean leaders call

for second crusadeKing Louis VII and

Eleanor Aquitaine were crusaders

Took no lands forced to return

Third Crusade30 years after the

secondSaladin-overthrew the

Fatimids and controlled the Muslims took the title of Sultan

Saladin wanted to take back crusader states

Drove Christians out of Jerusalem

Third CrusadeRichard the Lion

Hearted of England fought in the Holy War

Salidin and Richard respected each other

Saladin offered a doctor when Richard was sick

Proposals of peaceRichard sister to marry

Salidin’s brother

Third CrusadeRichard won several

battles against the Muslims

Could not take the Holy Land

Battle was a draw

Fourth and Later Crusades1202 Fourth

CrusadeCould not afford for

Venetians to take them to Holy Land

Attacked Zara instead

Pope excommunicated all the Crusaders

Attacked Constantinople

Fourth and Later CrusadesSacked the city and

named one of its leaders emperor

Fourth crusade failsFive more Crusades

followAll unsuccessful1291 Muslims drive

the Christians out of the Holy Land