The Crusades

Chapter 5

Sec. 1

Causes of the Crusades

• The Seljuk Turks gained control pf Palestine.– They threatened the Byzantine Empire and

they asked the Pope Urban II for help.• Urban learned that Christian pilgrims had been

persecuted by the Turks.

– Pope Urban wanted to get Palestine back from the Seljuk.

• He called on the lords of Europe to stop the fight between themselves and to take back the Holy Land.

Reasons for Going on the Crusades

• Some went to save their souls.– They believed that if they died while on the

Crusade they would go to heaven..

• Some Knights went to gain land and wealth.

• Merchants saw it as a chance to make money.

The First Crusade

• Lasted from 1096 to 1099.• French and Italian Lords lead armies.• They were poorly prepared for the trip.

– Little food, poor supply lines and hot wool clothes.• The Crusaders captured Antioch and Jerusalem.

– The Turks were fighting among themselves.– The Crusaders massacred the Muslim and Jewish

inhabitants in Jerusalem.– Four small states were set up and fiefs were handed

out.– Trade sprang up between Europe and Middle East.

Second Crusade

• By 1146 the Turks united their forces.– They took back many of the cities that were

captured.

• In 1147, the Second Crusade began.– Lead by King Louis VII of France and German

King Conrad III.– After two years of fighting, the two kings failed

to re-capture the land taken by the Turks.

Third Crusade

• From 1189 to 1192, Barbarossa of HRE, King Phillip of Fr. And King Richard of Eng.– Barbarossa died on the way down.– Phillip and Richard fought over whose plan to

use. • Phillip went home and Richard stayed.• Did not re-capture Jerusalem, signed a treaty with

Saladin.• Allowed Christians to enter Jerusalem freely.

The Fourth Crusade

• Pope Innocent III had French knight gathered to fight.– Left for Holy Lands in 1202.– 1204, the Crusaders attacked Constantinople.

• Took all that was valuable.• They were influenced by Venetian traders.

The Children's Crusade.

• In 1212, Young children from across Europe decided to march to the Holy Land and recapture it.– They were little prepared for the trip.

• When they reached the coast. They were more of a hungry mob.

• Pope sent most home• Others were tricked into boat that sold them into

slavery.

The Results of the Crusades

• All of the Crusades failed except for the First Crusade.• Weapons ---

– The Crossbow was utilized. Very powerful bow. Replaced traditional bow.

• Political Changes – – Many powerful Feudal Lords died in Crusades. – This helped the Kings to become stronger. – The Christian Church also became more powerful.

• Ideas and Trade –– Crusaders exchanged ideas with one another and the Muslims.

• These Ideas helped enrich Europe's Culture.

– Italian cities also became the center for trade with the Middle East.