The Crusades

A Series of holy wars launched in 1096 by European

Christians Pope Urban II. They were an attempt to

recapture the Holy Lands(Jerusalem, etc.) from the

Muslims.

• Crusaders wore large crosses on tunics vowing to take up the cross”

– First Crusade (1096-1099) the Pope asked for a volunteer army to defeat the Seljuk Turks I Jerusalem

– Crusaders massacred Muslims and Jews as they captured Jerusalem

– Created the “crusader states”

• 2nd Crusade, Seljuk's defeated the Christians for areas near Palestine.

3rd Crusade (1189-1192) Saladin's Muslim forces had captured Jerusalem in 1187.

• Richard the Lionhearted of England fought to a stalemate.

Saladin

• The Fourth Crusade made a travesty of the whole idea of crusading…The Crusaders captured the Christian city of Constantinople.

these are the land walls of Constantinople

Impact of the Crusades• They jumpstarted trade throughout the

Mediterranean area and the Middle East– crusaders brought back fabrics (silk) spices (pepper) & perfumes.

• Wider world view• Power of Pope & feudal rulers

eventually declined• Power of Kings increased• Lasting bitterness between Muslims,

Jews, and Christians.• Weakened the Byzantine Empire

Black Pepper

• Shield of Edward the Black Prince: http://www.geocities.com/scalaska1/bigshield2.html

• Tunic: http://www.mwart.com/xq/ASP.productlg/pid.2066/qx/crusader-tunic-with-rope-belt.htm

• Map of First Crusade: http://alpha.montclair.edu/~lebelp/Millennium.html• Land Walls of Constantinople, recently restored to appear as they would have in 1204

A.D. http://www.geocities.com/egfrothos/FourthCrusade.html• troubadour: http://www.der-troubadour.de/minnesaenger.htm• Thomas Aquinas: http://www.der-troubadour.de/minnesaenger.htm• Dante’s Inferno, Gluttons: http://www.vampyra.com/demons/glutton.htm• Canterbury Tales:

http://www.germanistik.fu-berlin.de/lehrangebote/anglistik_ps_ue.html• Black Plague: http://webs.wichita.edu/mschneegurt/biol103/lecture14/lecture14.html• Romanesque: http://art-of-paris.ca/history3.html• Reconquesta: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~izapa/Reconquest.html• Joan of Arc: http://www.hcdb.k12.hi.us/Studentwork/Joan.html• gothic cathedral: http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/cas/fnart/arch/gothic_arch.html

• Saladin: http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/sherwoodtimes/page5.htm• Black Pepper from: Salt-n-Peppers Plus.com• Ottoman Empire: http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/• men of the city: http://herba.msu.ru/shipunov/e‑album/lms.htm• craftsmen:

http://homepage.ntlworld.com/trevor.barker/farisles/guilds/armour/mail.htm

• Battle of Hastings as depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry, the photo is from:

• http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl2a.html• Ferdinand and Isabella: http://www.ignatiushistory.info/00133.html